Com o objetivo de ser portável e eficiente em arquiteturas HPC atuais, a execução de um programa paralelo deve ser adaptável. Este trabalho mostra como isso pode ser atingido utilizando MPI, através de criação dinâmica de processos, integrada com programação Divisão-e-Conquista e uma estratégia Work-Stealing para balancear os processos MPI, em ambientes heterogêneos e/ou dinâmicos, em tempo de execução. Este trabalho explica como implementar uma aplicação segundo o modelo de Divisão-e-Conquista com MPI, bem como a implementação de uma estratégia Work-Stealing. São apresentados resultados experimentais baseados em uma aplicação sintética, o problema das N-Rainhas (N-Queens). Valida-se tanto a adaptabilidade e a eficiência do código. Os resultados mostram que é possível utilizar um padrão amplamente difundido como o MPI, mesmo em plataformas de HPC não tão homogêneas como um cluster. / In order to be portable and efficient on modern HPC architectures, the execution of a parallel program must be adaptable. This work shows how to achieve this in MPI, by the dynamic creation of processes, coupled with Divide-and-Conquer programming and a Work-Stealing strategy to balance the MPI processes, in a heterogeneous and/or dynamic environment, at runtime. The application of Divide and Conquer with MPI is explained, as well as the implementation of a Work-Stealing strategy. Experimental results are provided, based on a synthetic application, the N-Queens computation. Both the adaptability of the code and its efficiency are validated. The results show that it is possible to use widely spread standards such as MPI, even in parallel HPC platforms that are not as homogeneous as a Cluster.

Orientador: Tom Dwyer / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T14:16:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mueller_ElisaCardeal_M.pdf: 9511974 bytes, checksum: d560013a281a5d650f1faa3e6f5cc079 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o debate sobre a exclusão digital, discutido através da pesquisa empírica realizada junto à organização não-governamental CDI Campinas - Comitê para Democratização da Informática. Cuja missão é a abertura de EICs - Escolas de Informática para Cidadania, em parceria com organizações que desenvolvam políticas de inclusão social. Como fio condutor elaboramos 5 categorias de análise da inclusão digital: alfabetização digital, aprender a conhecer, aprender a fazer, aprender a viver juntos e aprender a ser. Sendo que as quatro últimas se fundamentam nos 4 Pilares da Educação, propostos pelo Relatório da Comissão da Unesco sobre a Educação para o Século XXI, chefiado por Jacques Delors. Partimos ainda da avaliação de que o processo de inclusão digital deve ir além do oferecimento de recursos físicos (computadores e conexão à internet), sendo necessário ainda recursos digitais, humanos e sociais, que possam refletir numa apropriação crítica e significativa das tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que o processo de inclusão digital realizado pelo CDI Campinas está capacitando seus alunos na alfabetização digital. Contudo, a estrutura deficitária das EICs implica na insuficiência do processo de inclusão digital desenvolvido pelo ong. Já a sua proposta político pedagógica pautada na pedagogia do educador Paulo Freire e no aprendizado da informática através da realização de projetos de ação social pelos alunos, representa um diferencial positivo no trabalho de inclusão digital realizado, pois pode repercutir a aquisição das habilidades apresentadas pelo relatório Delors / Abstract: The objective of this dissertation is to present the debate about digital exclusion, and to present the results of empirical research carried in a non-governmental, non-profit organization CDI Campinas - Committee for Democracy in Information Technology. The mission of CDI is to open EICs - Schools for Information Technology and Citizens' Rights, in partnership with organizations that develop policies of social inclusion. We elaborated 5 categories to analyse degrees of digital inclusion: digital literacy, learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together and learning to be. Having in mind that the last four of these categories are based on the 4 Pillars of Education proposed by the Report of the UNESCO Commissionon the Educationfor the 21st Century,coordinatedby Jacques Delors.Digital inclusion processes must go beyond offering physical resources (computers and connection to the Internet), it is necessary to provide digital, human and social resources, that can be reflected in a critical and significant appropriation of information and communication technologies. The results of the research had pointed that the digital inclusion process carried through by the CDI Campinas is enabling its pupils in the digital learning. However, the structure's deficit of the EICs implies in insufficent digital inclusion process developed by the ong. On the other hand its pedagogical politician proposal, showed in the pedagogia do educator Paulo Freire and in the learning of computer science through the accomplishment of social action projects for the pupils represent a positive differential in the carried through work of digital inclusion, therefore it can reverberate the acquisition of abilities showed in Delors report / Mestrado / Sociologia da Tecnologia / Mestre em Sociologia

Orientador: Denise Bertoli Braga / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T21:10:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Buzato_MarceloElKhouri_D.pdf: 1293892 bytes, checksum: 30ef76957c9d31ba7018fbe46b68d099 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O trabalho propõe uma revisão do conceito de inclusão digital buscando superar a noção tradicional de inclusão como acesso puro e simples às novas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (TIC), e trazendo para o plano frontal da análise o contraste entre as diferentes visões da relação entre sociedade, cultura e tecnologia que fundamentam os discursos acadêmicos, políticos e do senso comum em torno da inclusão digital hoje. Tais visões são acareadas e avaliadas criticamente através do conceito de hibridismo, em seus diversos modos de atuação e teorização, conceito este entendido como central para a compreensão de fenômenos socioculturais típicos da era pós-nacional e pós-industrial na qual surge a noção de inclusão digital. A partir do hibridismo, o trabalho retoma as linhas básicas da pesquisa corrente em linguagem digital e letramento digital para propor modelos de análise supostamente mais congruentes com a problemática da inclusão, em suas dimensões social e cultural. Tais modelos são aplicados em dois estudos exploratórios, a saber, uma análise da linguagem digital tal qual instanciada na versão brasileira da página digital de uma empresa transnacional de comunicação, e um estudo de caso realizado em um telecentro da periferia de Guarulhos. A análise da página digital mostrou que os diferentes modos da atuação do hibridismo naquele discurso burlam distinções, até então tomadas como axiomáticas, entre o verbal e o não-verbal, o local e o global, o técnico e o cultural, entre outras, mas que esses cruzamentos de fronteira não são necessariamente transgressivos, servindo igualmente a mecanismos de coerção do sujeito. O estudo de caso no telecentro mostrou que diferentes modos de enunciação da inclusão digital (alguns mais reprodutórios, outros mais emancipatórios) ocorrem simultaneamente num mesmo contexto (em virtude de sua própria heterogeneidade), e que as formas de apropriação das TIC por uma comunidade em situação de desvantagem social não coincidem, necessária e/ou exatamente, com o que os idealizadores de projetos daquele tipo interpretam como inclusão digital / Abstract: The thesis presents a revision of the concept of digital inclusion with a view to overcoming the traditional notion that digital inclusion equals access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). In doing so, it foregrounds contrasting views of the relations among culture, society and technology that provide the basis for the various academic, political and common-sense discourses of inclusion. Hybridity, taken as a central concept for describing sociocultural phenomena typical of a post-national, post-industrial world where the concept of digital inclusion pops up, is then applied to an analysis of the current research in of new media language and literacies. Such analysis generates new models of digital language and literacy ¿ supposedly more congruous with the social and cultural dimensions of inclusion in its present configuration ¿ which are then applied in two exploratory case studies. The main page of the Brazilian version of a transnational media corporation is analyzed in an effort to explain how the different modes of hybridisation therein support the construction of glocality. The analysis shows that hybridity dismantles long held dichotomies between the verbal and the non-verbal, the local and the global, the technical and the cultural, among others, but it also attests to the fact that hybridity is not always transgressive, as it can also be used to coerce the social subject. A second case study is carried out in a telecentro (a centre for public access to the Internet) on the outskirts of Guarulhos (an industrial town in the São Paulo metropolitan region), which attempts at disclosing the different modes of enunciation of digital inclusion (some reproductive of social order, some emancipatory) that take place in that, on account of its heterogeneity. The findings in this study show that the modes of appropriation of the ICTs in an underserved community do not necessarily coincide with what project designers interpret as digital inclusion / Doutorado / Linguagem e Tecnologia / Doutor em Linguística Aplicada

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-07T19:46:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 natalianunesscoralicklempke.pdf: 750687 bytes, checksum: 270620f801f1f48d563cadd673d0323e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-10T12:25:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 natalianunesscoralicklempke.pdf: 750687 bytes, checksum: 270620f801f1f48d563cadd673d0323e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T12:25:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 natalianunesscoralicklempke.pdf: 750687 bytes, checksum: 270620f801f1f48d563cadd673d0323e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-21 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente investigação teve como objetivo analisar um programa de alfabetização digital (PAD) para idosos, considerando o papel de mediadores e os fatores que fazem com que os senis continuem usando computadores ou parem de usá-los após o PAD. Participaram do estudo 37 idosos, separados em dois grupos: experimental (GE) e controle (GC). Efetuou-se pré e pós-teste e, após seis meses do término do PAD, os indivíduos participaram de uma Avaliação de Seguimento. Os resultados demonstraram que os participantes aprenderam a utilizar os recursos de informática, obtendo melhor desempenho quando auxiliados por mediadores. A maioria reconhece os benefícios que podem ser gerados pelo manuseio do computador e afirma que gostaria de participar de novos programas relacionados ao ensino de informática. Entretanto, na Avaliação de Seguimento, observou-se uma proporção equivalente de idosos que mantiveram e que não mantiveram o uso desse equipamento. A criação de mais oportunidades educacionais e de estratégias que facilitem a inclusão digital dessa população precisa ser considerada, visto que os idosos constituem uma parcela expressiva da dívida digital brasileira e mundial e que a aprendizagem na velhice é um importante fator para o envelhecimento saudável. Outras pesquisas são recomendadas. / The present study aims at analyzing a program of computer literacy (PAD) for the elderly, considering the role of mediators and factors that cause older people to continue using computers or stop using them after the PAD. The study included 37 people, divided into two groups: experimental (EG) and control (CG). We conducted pre and post-test and after six months of the end of the PAD, the elderly participated in a follow-up assessment. The results showed that participants learned to use computing resources, obtaining better performance when aided by mediators. The majority recognizes the benefits that can be generated by the operation of the computer and says they would like to participate in new programs related to training services. However, in the follow-up assessment, there was an equivalent proportion of elderly people who remained and did not keep using this equipment. Providing more educational opportunities and strategies to facilitate the digital inclusion of this population must be considered, because the elderly constitute a significant portion of Brazil´s and world´s digital divide and that learning in old age is an important factor for a healthy aging. Further research is recommended.

A assimilação das TICs pelas diferentes sociedades desponta como a mais nova fronteira de debate sobre as diferenças entre pobres e ricos e sobre a capacidade dos indivíduos se inserirem de forma autônoma, como sujeitos ativos da construção de sua história. As tecnologias quando não difundidas ao conjunto amplo da sociedade, acabam por aprofundar um já existente problema de divisão social. Caberiam, então, ações de políticas públicas para minimizar os efeitos negativos acarretados pelos processos de transformação tecnológica, promovendo ações de inclusão digital. Assim, neste contexto, o presente trabalho se propõe a pesquisa a política de inclusão digital promovida pela prefeitura de São Paulo através do Programa de Telecentros Comunitários. Tendo como perspectiva a visão dos profissionais que trabalham no atendimento e orientação aos usuários de cada unidade. / The assimilation of ICTs in different societies is viewed as the newest frontier of debate on the differences between rich and poor and on the ability of individuals were entering so autonomous, as assets subject of the construction of its history. The technologies when not pushed to the broad set of society, ultimately deepen an existing problem of social divide. In this case is obligation of the govern shares of public policies to minimize the negative effects forward by the process of technological transformation by promoting actions of digital inclusion. Thus, in this context, this work is proposed to search the policy of digital inclusion promoted by the mayor of Sao Paulo through the Program of Community Telecenters. With the prospect the vision of professionals working in the care and guidance to users of each unit.

D.Ing. (Engineering Management) / Promotion of ICT usage in developing countries, even under rigorous government initia- tives and policies, is a discouraging undertaking and a very di cult one. One of the many challenges government of developing countries is facing in the promotion of ICT adoption is how to incorporate a subsidy rate discount into a price model as expressed in the following sentiments: Until now, USAASA has used very little of the money in the USAF. It must justify its spending plans each year before it is given access to any of Information on how price a ects the number of users was generated by asking users on how much the spent on internet usage. The sensitivity of users was determined by asking users how many hours they spent on the internet. Analysis of the information gathered showed that there was a substantial amount of money in USAASA and ZICTA co ers which was not utilized. Furthermore users expressed desire to have their prices subsidized. In rural areas internet prices were more expensive, on comparative terms, than those in the urban areas. Analysis of data or results concerning the price and the number of users showed that there was a positive relationship between the number of users and the price of the internet service. The relationship showed that a low price attracted a lot of users, while a high price attracted few users or none at all. The mathematical analysis of the pricing model proved that at a certain subsidy discount rate and price sensitivity, the model was able to reach equilibrium while maximizing the ISP's revenue. In conclusion the price of internet services for the information \have nots" depend on the price sensitivity and the level of subsidy given by the government. the funds". \Universal access of ICT services with particular reference to rural areas is an issue that has been on the agenda of most countries in the whole world today. You are aware that while some countries are currently e ectively extending services to rural areas using various means, others have found this challenging and have ended up with unutilized funds in the banks". Subsidies, though seen as the means of promoting social and economic agendas in developing countries, can create the tragedies associated with public resources usage or something-for-nothing resources. Given a subsidy discount rate or a low price, consumers usually anticipate a net bene t derived from free resources due to subsidy. Anticipation of net a bene t from such resources may generate a damaging rush from consumers to exploit the resource, which may result in the tragedy of the commons. On the contrary, when no subsidy is given, consumers face no di erential between the perceived utility and the price of the resource creating a no social and pecuniary bene t to users, as such very few consumers or users will utilize the resource. The contribution this research develops is as follows: To show the extent of ICT usage patterns in developing countries.To determine why ICT usage in developing countries is low even under rigorous government initiatives and policies. To determine how price a ects the number of users using the internet resource. To incorporate a subsidy discount rate in a price model for unserved or rural areas of developing countries. To proposes a subsidy driven pricing framework that helps both the internet service providers and users to maximize their utilities and prevent the tragedies associated with resource use i.e. the tragedy of the commons and the tragedy of the anti- commons. To apply a non-cooperative game theoretic model to investigate the con ict between ISPs and consumers or consumers in a heterogeneous communities i.e. the infor- mation \haves" and \have-nots". We de ne utility-based decision rules for both providers and users under varying prices and subsidy requirements. We provide a decision model under a non-cooperative, incomplete-information game environment. To investigates the properties of the NE (under di erent optimization rules) and to study whether there exists an optimal solution to the game. The basic hypothesis that this research addresses is: A pricing model, with correct subsidy discount rate allows for better resource usage (preventing the tragedy of the commons and anti-commons) and makes the attainment of the objective of \ICT access for all" more likely. The methodology used for collecting statistical data was a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. The purpose of research was to collect data that would later be used to propose a pricing framework for heterogeneous communities. The strategy was to use three important variables in the subsidy driven pricing model to validate the hypothesis i.e. subsidy discount rate, the relationship between price and the number of users and the sensitivity (elasticity of demand) of users towards price. Incorporation of subsidy discount rate into the pricing model was driven by the fact that institutional frameworks such as universal service and access agency of South Africa (USAASA) and the Zambia information and communications tech- nology authority (ZICTA) were sitting with unutilized universal service and access fund (USAF). Additionally, users of internet services in underserviced areas of the two countries advocated for subsidized prices towards internet provision.

Magister Bibliothecologiae - MBibl / This research explored how the Smart Cape Access Project in Delft Public Library is used by the Delft community and how it related to the Millennium Development Goals asset out by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). This study also investigated the Smart Cape Access Project, as an initiative by the City of Cape Town to ensure access to Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) for all citizens of Cape Town, and how it is utilised as a tool for economic and personal development. The research took place at Delft Public Library in Delft. Delft is a residential area with no industries, whatsoever. The area has a high unemployment rate, high crime rate and more than 60% of those employed earn less than R1600. 00 per month. These factors and the fact that the City of Cape Town recognizes the importance of ICTs for economic and social growth made Delft ideal for this research. The study also investigated whether the information given via the Smart Cape Access project is relevant for sustainable development. Sustainable development is on the agenda of many countries and the concept can be taken as far back as the seventies with the first United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm, Sweden and culminating in the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 in Johannesburg, South Africa. In South Africa several initiatives were implemented to bring ICTs to those who do not have access to ICTs, as the importance of ICTs to improve and uplift the quality of life are recognised by different role-players e.g. government, private sectors and nongovernmental organisations (NGOs). The researcher regarded this as sufficient reason to embark on this study, though the scope of the study only concentrated on the Smart Cape Access Project in one public library.

The purpose of this study was two fold: (1) to examine how the distribution of resources within and outside an Enhanced Language Training Program (ELT) affected a group of newcomers’ access to Internet literacy development; and (2) to discuss ensuing pedagogical and curricular implications for the ELT Program. The relationship between the distribution of resources and a group of newcomers’ access to Internet literacy development was studied through a hybrid of two frameworks: van Dijk’s (2005) digital divide and Warschauer’s (2004) social inclusion. The key findings were that the distribution of resources affected access four ways: (1) resources affected multiple types of access, (2) the effect of resource distribution on access was both cumulative and successive, (3) distribution of resources could either facilitate or impede access, and (4) Internet literacy development could potentially increase or decrease the resources. The findings resulted in implications for the ELT program and teaching.

This thesis examines determinants of IT investments and IT penetration rate. The full sample consists of panel data for 69 countries between years 1996 and 2013.We analyze three types of IT devices: smartphones, tablets and PCs. In order to reveal cross-segment and cross-technology differences in the importance of various determinants, separate regression models are estimated on technology-segment level. Installed base per capita, which is used to measure the level of existing capital, is included among independent variables in equations estimating per capita IT investments. Results show that the effect of the level of existing capital is stronger for smartphones and tablets when compared to PCs. Another finding is that commercial segment is less price sensitive than consumer segment. This study also provides several findings regarding other determinants of IT penetration rate and IT investments such as: national wealth, human capital, openness to trade and external knowledge, and business cycles.

Being treated as a piece of meat has long been an issue around which feminist concerns regarding the representation of women and practices of cultural consumption coalesce. However, as the Humanities undergo a paradigm shift away from intrinsically privileging the human subject, this demands new consideration of how cultural figurations of meat can work to challenge the terms of the species border. This thesis offers close readings of contemporary film, literature, visual art, music and live performance produced between the late 1980s and the present day that stage carnal encounters with meat. I unite these figurations under the term ‘meaty bodies’, exploring how they question the supposedly self-evident line between the flesh that we are and the flesh that we may eat. Situating its theoretical approach within the tension between psychoanalytic and cultural theories of taboo and abjection and emerging ‘new materialist’ conceptualisations of matter, this thesis contributes to the project of disrupting the primacy of ‘the human’ and the workings of the species divide. The thesis begins by examining three cultural productions that humanise meat by using it to speak to themes of vulnerability, trauma and sexual desire respectively. The photographic series Perishables (Yolaçan, 2002–04), the live art performance My New York (Zhang, 2002) and the pornographic novella The Butcher (Reyes, 1988) utilise meat to speak to issues surrounding human embodiment. However, I suggest that this typically decouples meat from the animal body from which it derives. The thesis subsequently turns to four cultural productions that more directly engage with the violence inherent in the naturalisation of meat as animal body. Analysing the experimental text Diary of a Steak (Levy, 1997), the concept album One Pig (Herbert, 2011), the live art performance inthewrongplaceness (O’Reilly, 2004–09) and the feature film Beasts of the Southern Wild (Zeitlin, 2012), the thesis positions these cultural productions as a challenge to the species border through their attentiveness to contemporary issues surrounding meat consumption and production, including discussion of ‘meat panics’ such as the 1980s/1990s BSE crisis, the development of tissue-cultured meat and impending food scarcity. These close readings show that what I term a ‘carnal equivalence’ between human and animal flesh can be a powerful means of questioning the terms of the species border. Yet, in rendering their encounters with meat frequently difficult and strained, these cultural productions stage and generate ambivalence as integral to our relations with meat consumption and production in the contemporary moment. The thesis suggests that this uncertainty is indicative of a wider impasse within the Humanities, as the field seeks to decentralise ‘the human’ and the discourses that are invested in the continued dominance of this category, yet is still shaped by attachments and anxieties that render this move more difficult than may otherwise be supposed.