The goal of the Master thesis on the topic of the Client application of DNS protocol with graphical interface for teaching purposes is to create a program with the features of sending, receiving DNS, MDNS and LLMNR protocols with optional parameters. Additionally, compare the created application with available tools such as Nslookup, Dig and create examples of application for teaching.

In the diploma work, there are examined domain names, which have become, due to a mass development of the Internet, an economically very valuable estate. Domain names lack, although being a generally known notion, any legal anchoring in the Czech system of law. The absence of legal regulation of domain names is not an anomaly of the Czech legal environment, but it can also be seen in the states with advanced legal culture. Domain names fulfill, in addition to being a very valuable commercial article, identification and/or promotional functions. Just for those reasons, the domain names need to be provided a corresponding legal protection. The introductory part of the diploma work, containing an introduction into the issues of domain names, addresses technical aspects of domain names and the method of their hierarchical structuring. Further, the diploma work contains a list of institutions which play, in the area of domain names, an important role for various reasons. The historical development of the institutions, their organization, and activity contents are briefly described. Then the legal nature of domain names is examined and a question whether a domain name can be considered to be a thing/item, right and/or any other asset value is answered. Furthermore, the diploma work contains a description...

Protection of Domain Names (master's degree thesis) The purpose of my thesis is to analyse a legal interpretation of the domain name. The thesis analyzes the theoretical base of this term, authorities competent to constitute rules on the market of domain names and to decide how to judge corelated disputes, attention is also drawn to the conflict of protected names and domain names. The important question to be answered is the eventual social significance of a juridical framework of domain name. The question of domain names (and also other institutes connected with internet) is a widely discussed and disputed topic. The last three decades the rules and the execution of them were constantly developing and underwent major changes. Therefore it's very interesting to watch this progress and to compare the many different points of view on the whole issue. Those were the main reasons for my research. The thesis consists of seven chapters. Chapter One, Two and Three are introductory, they define the term 'domain name', its function and structure. They also express and explain the basic terminology attached to domain names. Chapter Four analyzes the place of the domain name in Czech law system. This chapter is divided into two parts. Part One is focussing on the previous private law codex. The Second Part...

Protection of domain names Life nowadays is much more dependent on information and the most common source of them right now is Internet. One of the main aspects, that users of Internet have to deal with, is a domain names, as a website address. Nevertheless it's common, that users do not differentiate between internet, browser, search engine or web page, nor are familiar with the legal and technical concept of domain names. Domains are allocated according to a first come first serve basis and that makes them valuable article and thus subject of common legal disputes. The purpose of my thesis is to analyze ways of legal protection of domain names and the absence of its legal regulation, which is not unique for Czech legal system. First chapter of my thesis deals briefly with internet and its basic infrastructure, including internet protocol, with deeper focus on domain names, their technical aspects, hierarchical structure and typology. Next chapter mentions the main organizations involved in creating rules and policies for cooperation among institutions authorized to oversee internet and managing the registration of internet number resources and domain name system. This chapter includes the description of main characteristics for the process for resolution of disputes according to UDRP (Uniform...

Legal protection of domain names The main purpose of this thesis is to provide complex information about the topic of domain names. In the last fifteen years, domain names have become a very valuable estate, that can generate millions of dollars. The value of domain names have been a cause of various exploitations, namely speculative domain registrations of attractive domain names. These registrations are infringing third person rights, mostly trademark rights. The issue at hand with domain names seems to be the registration process. The first come, first serve principle that is associated with domain name registration can be a cause of various legal infringements. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first three chapters are an introduction into the world of domain names, providing necessary information about what domain names are, what is their definition and how they are categorised. The subject of the fourth chapter are the main organisations that have the most influence on domain names, where historical context and a summary of their functions are provided. The next chapter describes the legal nature of domain names, whether a domain name can be viewed as a property right or a contract right. Further the chapter analyzes relations between domain names and other legal institutions,...

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Ubiquitin is a highly conserved 76 amino acid protein which is a unique and versatile signalling molecule. Ubiquitin can be attached by an isopeptide bond between its C-terminal diglycine to a lysine residue of a target substrate. However, it can also bind to itself though one of its own seven lysine residues allowing the formation of different chain types. These chains act as signals for different pathways, such as DNA damage repair, and in particular lysine-48 chains signal for proteins to be degraded via the proteasome by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). This allows cells to control the concentration of proteins which is important in triggering cellular events, such as cyclin levels in cell division. Whilst old and incorrect proteins need to be removed so they do not interfere with normal processes. In order to recognise and ubiquitinate substrates an enzyme cascade has evolved. Ubiquitin is transferred from an ubiquitin activation enzyme (E1) to an ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2). The E2 which along with a ubiquitin ligase (E3) ubiquitinates a specific substrate. Research has focused on the E3 ligases since they are responsible for identifying substrates. One important ligase is the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) which is responsible for faithful segregation of chromosome during mitosis. Failure to regulate this process can lead to aneuploidy, one of the main causes of cancer. It is therefore important to understand the function and regulation of APC/C and the UPS. This work firstly shows that four S. pombe kinases, Ssp2, Ppk9, Kin1 and Chk1 all contain a kinase associated 1 (KA1) or KA2 domain which they use to interact specifically with APC/C when it contained an unphosphorylated form of a subunit called Cut9. Yeast two hybrid and native far Westerns demonstrated that the KA domains interact with the APC/C co activator Slp1. Phosphorylation assays showed that three of these kinases phosphorylated a ~30kDa band of the APC/C complex which was shown to be Mad2, an important subunit of the APC/C inhibitor complex the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC). These finding suggest a new role for KA contain kinases as regulators of APC/C activity. Future studies to identify the residues of Mad2 which are phosphorylated by these kinases, as well as the binding site of Slp1 that the KA domains recognise, would provide a more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating APC/C activity. Secondly, this study investigated the role of the ubiquitin associated (UBA) domains in the S. pombe shuttle factor Rhp23. This protein can recognise the proteasome via an ubiquitin like (UBL) domain and ubiquitin chains via one of two UBA domains: an internal UBA1 and a C-terminal UBA2. To dissect the different functions of these two UBA domains point mutations were made that abolished the domains ability to recognise ubiquitin without altering the protein structure. The minimal domains and full length domains were tested in vitro and in vivo. These surprising results showed that the domains act differently in isolation when compared to the full length protein. They also demonstrate that the UBA1 domain is responsible for ubiquitin recognition in Rhp23, whilst the UBA2 domain appears to have little to no binding ability.

We develop a theory of higher-order exact real number computation based on Scott domain theory. Our main object of investigation is a higher-order functional programming language, Real PCF, which is an extension of PCF with a data type for real numbers and constants for primitive real functions. Real PCF has both operational and denotational semantics, related by a computational adequacy property. In the standard interpretation of Real PCF, types are interpreted as continuous Scott domains. We refer to the domains in the universe of discourse of Real PCF induced by the standard interpretation of types as the real numbers type hierarchy. Sequences are functions defined on natural numbers, and predicates are truth-valued functions. Thus, in the real numbers types hierarchy we have real numbers, functions between real numbers, predicates defined on real numbers, sequences of real numbers, sequences of sequences of real numbers, sequences of functions, functionals mapping sequences to numbers (such as limiting operators), functionals mapping functions to numbers (such as integration and supremum operators), functionals mapping predicates to truth-values (such as existential and universal quantification operators), and so on. As it is well-known, the notion of computability on a domain depends on the choice of an effective presentation. We say that an effective presentation of the real numbers type hierarchy is sound if all Real PCF definable elements and functions are computable with respect to it. The idea is that Real PCF has an effective operational semantics, and therefore the definable elements and functions should be regarded as concretely computable. We then show that there is a unique sound effective presentation of the real numbers type hierarchy, up to equivalence with respect to the induced notion of computability. We can thus say that there is an absolute notion of computability for the real numbers type hierarchy. All computable elements and all computable first-order functions in the real numbers type hierarchy are Real PCF definable. However, as it is the case for PCF, some higher-order computable functions, including an existential quantifier, fail to be definable. If a constant for the existential quantifier (or, equivalently, a computable supremum operator) is added, the computational adequacy property remains true, and Real PCF becomes a computationally complete programming language, in the sense that all computable functions of all orders become definable. We introduce induction principles and recursion schemes for the real numbers domain, which are formally similar to the so-called Peano axioms for natural numbers. These principles and schemes abstractly characterize the real numbers domain up to isomorphism, in the same way as the so-called Peano axioms for natural numbers characterize the natural numbers. On the practical side, they allow us to derive recursive definitions of real functions, which immediately give rise to correct Real PCF programs (by an application of computational adequacy). Also, these principles form the core of the proof of absoluteness of the standard effective presentation of the real numbers type hierarchy, and of the proof of computational completeness of Real PCF. Finally, results on integration in Real PCF consisting of joint work with Abbas Edalat are included.

Modern information systems require a flexible, scalable, and upgradeable infrastructure that allows communication and collaboration between heterogeneous information processing and computing environments. Aviation systems from different organizations often use differing representations and distribution policies for the same data and messages, limiting interoperability and collaboration. Although this problem is conceptually straightforward, information exchange is error prone, often dramatically underestimated, and unexpectedly complex. In the air traffic domain, complexity is often the result of the many different uncoordinated information processing environments that are used. The complexity and variation in information processing environments results in a barrier between domain practitioners and the engineers that build the information systems. These divisions have contributed to development challenges on high profile systems such as the FAA's Advanced Automation System and the FBI's Virtual Case File. Operationally, difficulties in sharing information have contributed to significant coordination challenges between organizations. These coordination problems are evident in events such as the response to Hurricane Katrina, the October 2009 Northwest Airlines flight that overflew its scheduled destination by more than 100 miles, and other incidents requiring coordination between multiple organizations. To address interoperability in the aviation domain, a prototype Domain-Specific Language (DSL) for aviation data, an aviation metadata repository, and a data generation capability was designed and implemented. These elements provide the capability to specify and generate data for use in the aviation domain. The DSL was designed to allow the domain practitioner to participate in dynamic information exchange without being burdened by the complexities of information technology and organizational policy. The DSL provides the capability to specify and generate information system usable representations of aviation data. Data is generated according to the representational details stored in the aviation metadata repository. The combination of DSL, aviation metadata repository, and data generation provide the capability for aviation systems to interoperate, enabling collaboration, information sharing, and coordination.

published_or_final_version / Civil and Structural Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy