Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié la dynamique des parois de domaine sous courant dans des couches ferromagnétiques ultra-minces de type métal lourd/ métal ferromagnétique/ oxyde présentant un fort couplage spin-orbite. Dans ces systèmes, deux éléments liés au fort couplage spin-orbite et l'asymétrie structurelle d'inversion jouent un rôle clé sur la dynamique des parois : d'une part, l'amplitude des couples de spin-orbite (SOT) exercés sur la paroi lors de l'injection de courant; d'autre part, l'amplitude de l'interaction Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya qui stabilise la structure Néel interne de la paroi. L'objectif de ce travail a été de caractériser les couples agissant sur la paroi induits par le courant ainsi que l'amplitude de l'interaction DMI.Pour y parvenir, j'ai mis au point une nouvelle technique de mesure basée sur la mesure des déplacements nanométriques induits par le courant d'une paroi piégée dans un nanoplot découpé dans le matériau magnétique. Cette mesure quasi-statique permet de s'affranchir des difficultés liées à la modélisation de la dynamique des parois magnétique sous courant en présence de défauts.Par ailleurs, le dispositif a été conçu de façon à ce que le courant et le champ magnétique externe statique puissent être appliqués dans différentes directions orthogonales, ce qui permet séparer clairement les contributions des couples de transfert de spin (NA-STT) et de spin-orbite (DL-SOT).Les mesures ont permis de caractériser le couple exercé sur la paroi par le courant en fonction d'un champ magnétique planaire pour un empilement Pt/Co/AlOx et ceci pour quatre orientations champ/courant différentes. Les résultats permettent d'écarter l'hypothèse d'une structure de type Bloch bi-stable.Dans le cas où le courant est injecté au travers de la paroi, la comparaison des résultats avec le modèle aboutit à une valeur du couple NA-STT très faible. Nos mesures faites avec le champ magnétique planaire permettent de conclure à un champ SOT de 7,5+/-0,5 Oe pour 10 MA/m² en accord avec les résultats de couple publiés précédemment dans le cas d'une paroi de Néel. Si les deux configurations donnent de mesures de couple SOT similaire, elles ne permettent pas de conclure sur la valeur de DMI dans ce système. L'origine de ces valeurs contradictoires reste à expliquer. / In this thesis, we studied the current induced domain walls (DWs) dynamics in ultra-thin ferromagnetic films of heavy metal/ ferromagnetic metal/ oxide type with a high spin-orbit coupling. In these systems, two ingredients linked to the high spin-orbit coupling and the structural inversion asymmetry play a key role on the DWs dynamics: the amplitude of the spin-orbit torques (SOT) acting on the domain when a current is injected; and the amplitude of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMi) which stabilizes the Néel structure of the DW. The purpose of this work was to characterize the current induced torques acting on the DW and the amplitude of the DMi.For that purpose, I developed a new measurement technique relying on the measurement of current induced nanometer size motion of a DW, trapped inside a nanodot patterned in the magnetic material. This quasi-static measurement enables to avoid the difficulties related to the modelling of the DW dynamics in the presence of defects.Besides that, the device has been designed to enable different perpendicular directions for the current and the external magnetic field, which enable a clear measurement of spin transfer (NA-STT) and spin-orbit (DL-SOT) torques contributions.The measurements allowed the characterization of the torque exerted by the current on the DW with respect to a planar magnetic field for a Pt/Co/AlOx stack in 4 different couples of field/current directions. The results allow to exclude the hypothesis of a Bloch structure for the DW.In the case where the current is injected through the DW, the comparison between the results and the model leads to a very weak value for the NA-STT. Our measurements made with the planar magnetic field leads to a value of 7,5+/-0,5 Oe per 10 MA/m² for the DL-SOT, which is in agreement with previously published results in the case of a Néel DW. If both configurations lead to similar measurements for the SOT, they don't permit to conclude on the exact value of the DMi in this system. The origin of these contradictories values is still to be understood.

Cette thèse explore les domaines magnétiques et les parois de domaine (PD), dans des nanotubes (NTs) métalliques ferromagnétiques individuels (diamètres 50-400 nm) au moyen de microscopies magnétiques et de modélisation numérique. Le travail a bénéficié d’une collaboration internationale avec TU Darmstadt (synthèse), les synchrotrons Elettra et Soleil ainsi que CNRS CEMES (imagerie magnétique). En utilisant des méthodes électrochimiques et des gabarits nanoporeux, nous avons fabriqué des NTs de Ni, NiCo, CoNiB et NiFeB ainsi que des éléments fil-tube de Ni. Pour l’imagerie, nous utilisons principalement le dichroïsme circulaire magnétique de rayons X associé à la microscopie à emission de photoelectrons (XMCD-PEEM). Nous avons réalisé les premières images microscopiques de domaines magnétiques dans les NTs. Dans des tubes CoNiB longs (30µm), nous avons observé un grand nombre de domaines azimutaux séparés par des PD très étroites. Cela contraste avec la littérature et les expériences récentes où seuls des domaines axiaux apparaissent pour une géométrie similaire. Par recuit, en changeant la composition chimique ou simplement en diminuant le diamètre des NTs, nous avons également pu obtenir les domaines axiaux – préparation des domaines presque à la carte. Nous avons démontré le renversement des domaines axiaux et azimutaux avec un champ magnétique. En vue d’ouvrir la voie à des tubes multicouches - un équivalent de films plats multicouches qui forment une brique basique de spintronique actuelle, nous avons obtenu deux couches magnétiques découplées par un intercalaire d’oxyde. Ces structures et leurs imagerie ouvrent la voie à la spintronique 3D basée sur des réseaux de tubes verticaux. / This thesis explores magnetic configurations, namely magnetic domains and domain walls (DWs) in single ferromagnetic metallic nanotubes (diameters 50–400nm) by means of magnetic microscopies and numerical modelling. The work benefited from international collaboration with TU Darmstadt (synthesis), synchrotrons Elettra and Soleil as well as CNRS CEMES (magnetic imaging). Using electrochemical methods and nanoporous templates, we could fabricate Ni, NiCo, CoNiB, and NiFeB nanotubes as well as Ni wire-tube elements. For the imaging, we relied mainly on X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism coupled with PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy (XMCD-PEEM). We show the first experimental microscopy images of magnetic domains in metallic nanotubes. In long (30µm) CoNiB tubes, we observed many azimuthal (flux-closure) magnetic domains separated by very narrow DWs. This is in contrast with literature and recent experiments where only axial domains appeared for similar geometry. By annealing, changing the chemical composition or just decreasing the nanotube diameter we could obtain also the axial domains. Therefore, tubes are versatile as magnetic domains can be prepared almost à la carte. We demonstrated switching of both axial and azimuthal domains with a magnetic field. We imaged also multilayered tubes – an equivalent of multilayered flat films that form a basic brick of current spintronics. We obtained two magnetic layers (exchange-) decoupled by an oxide spacer. Such a first-of-its-kind structure and its imaging paves the way towards 3D spintronics and magnetism based on vertical arrays of tubes.

URhGe has garnered interest recently as one of the few known ferromagnetic superconductors. The superconductivity in this material appears to arise from magnetic fluctuations rather than phonons, and take a triplet form which is remarkably resistant to field. In this thesis, a number of measurements on the material are presented. Some probe the Fermiology, with strong evidence appearing for a model which as both light open sheets and heavy, small, closed pockets. The open sheets, associated with chains of real-space electron density running along the b axis, dominate the conductivity in most circumstances. Evidence for their existence arises from the general large and non-saturating magnetoresistance, and from the unusual observation of negative temperature coefficient of resistance at high fields. The closed pockets have provided a few Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, but mostly they remain inferred from the high specific heat γ and their role in the magnetism. In order to better probe the superconductivity, a high precision low noise DC resistance measurement bridge was built using a SQUID. Along with conventional measurements, this provides evidence that the two pockets of superconductivity on the phase diagram are the same phase. The re-entrance an be understood simply as a result of magnetic field being a tuning parameter, but also suppressing bulk superconductivity through orbital limiting. The SQUID bridge allowed the detection of domain wall superconductivity linking up these two pockets. The SQUID bridge was also used to study the highly structured superconducting transition in BiPd. This material lacks inversion symmetry in its crystal structure, so is a good candidate for unusual forms of superconductivity. Here again non-bulk superconductivity is considered the most likely cause for the structure. Unusual and distinctive IV curves have been measured, and a simple model of inhomogeneous conductivity channels with different critical currents is proposed as an explanation.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-11-08T11:36:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WALDSON MARCELO DOS SANTOS SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGFísica) 2010.pdf: 913581 bytes, checksum: 5cb091c70c06445d89ccbe48d8e7858c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-08T11:36:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WALDSON MARCELO DOS SANTOS SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGFísica) 2010.pdf: 913581 bytes, checksum: 5cb091c70c06445d89ccbe48d8e7858c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-22 / Capes / Neste trabalho tratamos de soluções de paredes de domínios em modelos de campos escalares reais acoplados que envolve a simetria Z2× Z3 em um modelo não supersi- métrico. Exploramos a ideia de uma rede de paredes de domínios aparecer na superfície de uma estrela de sóliton. Considerando isto para um ajuste fino satisfatório entre os parâmetros do modelo, podemos encontrar modo zero fermiônico na rede de paredes de domínios. Neste cenário a estrela de sóliton torna-se instável e decai em partículas livres antes do aparecimento de uma massa limite. Porém se os férmions não se ligarem à rede de paredes de domínios, a rede torna-se neutra, impondo um valor limite na carga da estrela de sóliton, aumentando ligeiramente a sua massa crítica. Usamos os efeitos de temperatura finita para controlar esses dois cenários. / In this work we study domain wall solutions in models of coupled real scalar fields involving Z2 × Z3 symmetry in a non supersymmetric model. We explore the idea of a network of domain walls appearing in a surface of a soliton star. Using a fine-tuning among the parameters of the model, we find a fermionic zero mode in the network of domain walls. In this scenario the soliton star becomes unstable and decays into free particles before the appearance of a mass limit. But if the fermions do not bind to the network of domain walls, the network becomes neutral, imposing a limit on the charge of the soliton star slightly increasing its critical mass. We use effects of finite temperature to control these scenarios.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:16:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5333.pdf: 5685389 bytes, checksum: 082b6b7ff9988cce9196ad87a26521b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / In this work, the domain structure of a transparent ferroelectric ceramic of (Pb0,79La0,21)TiO3 (PLT 21) was investigated in detail by piezoresponse force microscopu (PFM) and a protocol of measurements and analysis of the piezoresponse for the tridimensional reconstruction of the polarization in ferroelectric domains, including from mono and polycrystalline materials was developed. With this protocol, properties of domains and domain walls of the PLT 21 ceramic and of a PbTiO3 (PT) thin film were investigated. Three types of domains were recognized in the PLT 21 ceramic: domains separated by 180° walls, and domains separated by 90° walls in two scales, one in wich the domains have dimensions of about 1 μm and another with dimensions lower than 100 nm. Classical domain structures of lamellae and herringbones, and even more exotic structures as quadrants could be observed in PLT 21. This last one might suggest the existence of flux closure states of polarization in ferroelectric ceramics. In our knowledge this is the first time that quadrant structures are observed in ceramics. We could also observe in PLT 21 ceramic, ferroelectric domains that run through de grain boundary. Analysis of the reorientation of polarization by applying a localized BIAS field, revealed a strong electromechanical coupling in the sample, with the appearance of new 90° domain structure as a way to compensate local deformations generated by the poling process. The domain structure of the PT thin film revealed grains with monodomain structure and grains with polydomain structure, being the latter preferentially formed by 90° walls. The study of the reorientation of domains in the thin films of PT, showed the formation of a monodomain structure in the majority of the grains after the poling process, what significantly differs from the results of the PLT 21 ceramics. Lastly, thin films of Pb(Fe0,5Nb0,5)O3 (PFN) with good structural, microstructural and electrical properties were produced by radio frequency sputtering (R.F. Sputtering) with different thickness (50 nm 950 nm). The values of remnant polarization and coercive field of the hysteresis loop were 7 μC/cm2 and 70 kV/cm, respectively, which are bigger than many results found in the literature. Ferroelectric local properties were investigated in monolithic thin films (i.e., films that have a single grain in the thickness) of PFN and compared with the properties obtained in polycrystalline thin films of PT. / Neste trabalho, a estrutura de domínios de uma cerâmica transparente de (Pb0,79La0,21)TiO3 (PLT 21) foi detalhadamente investigada por microscopia de piezoresposta e um protocolo de medida e análise da piezoresposta para a reconstrução tridimensional da polarização de domínios em ferroelétricos, incluindo materiais mono e policristalinos, foi desenvolvido. Com este protocolo, as propriedades de domínios e paredes de domínios da cerâmica de PLT 21 e de um filme fino de PbTiO3 (PT) foram investigadas. Três tipos de domínios puderam ser reconhecidos na cerâmica de PLT 21: domínios separados por paredes 180° e domínios separados por paredes de 90° em duas escalas, uma em que os domínios têm dimensão de aproximadamente 1 μm e outra com dimensão menor que 100 nm. Estruturas de domínios clássicas como as lamelas e espinhas de peixes, até estruturas mais exóticas como a de quadrantes, puderam ser observadas no PLT 21. Essa última estrutura, pode sugerir a existência de estados de polarização de flux closure em cerâmicas ferroelétricas. Em nosso conhecimento, esta é a primeira vez que estruturas de quadrantes são observadas em cerâmicas. Foi possível observar na cerâmica de PLT 21, domínios ferroelétricos que transpõe a barreira do contorno de grão. A análise da reorientação da polarização com a aplicação de campo localizado revelou um forte acoplamento eletromecânico na amostra, com o aparecimento de novas estruturas de domínios de 90° como forma de compensar as deformações locais geradas pelo processo de polarização. A estrutura de domínios de filme fino de PT apresentou grãos com estrutura de monodomínio e grãos com estrutura de polidomínios, sendo o último preferencialmente formado por paredes de 90°. Os estudos de reorientação dos domínios nos filmes de PT mostraram a formação de uma estrutura de monodomínios na maioria dos grãos após o processo de polarização, o que difere significativamente dos resultados obtidos cerâmicas de PLT 21. Por fim, filmes finos de Pb(Fe0,5Nb0,5)O3 (PFN) com boas propriedades estruturais e microestruturais e elétricas foram produzidos por sputtering em radiofrequência (R.F. Sputtering) com diferentes espessuras (50 nm até 950 nm). Os valores obtidos por histerese ferroelétrica foram de 7 μC/cm2 de polarização remanescente e 70 kV/cm de campo coercitivo, maiores do que a maioria dos resultados encontrados na literatura. Propriedades ferroelétricas locais foram investigadas nos filmes finos monolíticos (i.e., filmes formados por um único grão na espessura) de PFN e comparadas com as propriedades obtidas em filmes finos policristalinos de PT.

Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous étudions le renversement de l'aimantation de nanofils d'alliage FePt à forte anisotropie magnétocristalline. Lorsque la largeur du fil devient inférieure à la taille des dendrites, nous avons montré qu'il existe une transition du processus de renversement de l'aimantation, de la croissance de dendrites vers la propagation d'une paroi magnétique unique qui renverse tout le fil. Au-delà, la diminution de la largeur du fil jusqu'à la taille caractéristique du désordre et/ou de la rugosité moyenne conduit au renforcement de la coercivité. Ceci conduit finalement dans les fils ultra-fins à un renversement consistant en un mélange de nucléation de domaines et de propagation de parois magnétiques. Dans la deuxième partie, nous rapportons l'utilisation de la magnétorésistance de Magnon (MMR), qui provient de la contribution des magnons à la résistivité, pour mesurer le renversement d'aimantation, dans des nanostructures avec aimantation perpendiculaire (FePt) ou planaire (NiFe). Nous avons montré que la MMR peut être utilisée pour détecter le retournement de l'aimantation dans les nanofils et nano-aimants, et en particulier pour détecter la position d'une paroi magnétique le long d'un nanofil fabriqués à partir d'une couche unique. Enfin, nous étudions dans une dernière partie la dynamique de dépiégeage de paroi magnétique sous champ et sous courant, dans les deux systèmes FePt et NiFe. Nous observons trois types de dépiégeage de paroi, qui dépendent de la nature des défauts ou de la géométrie de la constriction. L'analyse statistique du temps de piégeage montre que le processus de dépiégeage peut être décrit comme procédant d'un chemin simple, de chemins en série, ou de chemins alternatifs. En outre, l'effet du courant sur tous ces mécanismes de dépiégeage s'est révélé équivalent à l'effet du champ appliqué, ce qui permet de mesurer l'efficacité du transfer de spin dans ces systèmes. / In the first part of this thesis, we study the magnetization reversal process of FePt nanowires with high magnetocrystalline anisotropy. When reducing the wire width below the mean dendrite width, the magnetization reversal favors a transition from the dendrite growth to the propagation of a single domain wall (DW). Further decreasing of the width towards the disorder length and/or the mean edge roughness leads to a large increase of coercivity, which finally results in a mix of DW propagation and nucleation in ultra-narrow wires. The second part focuses on the use of Magnon magnetoresistance (MMR), i.e., the magnon contribution to the resistivity, to study the magnetization reversal in nanostructures with either perpendicular (FePt) or planar magnetization (NiFe). We showed that MMR can be used in nanowires and nanomagnets, in particular to detect DW position in nanowires processed in a single layer. Finally, the dynamic of DW depinning under field and current in both FePt and NiFe systems has been studied. We observe three different modes of DW depinning, which depend on the nature of defects, or on the geometry of the constriction. Statistical analysis of the pinning time indeed shows that the depinning path can be described as simple path, serial paths or alternative paths. Additionally, the effect of DC current on all depinning mechanisms is found to be equivalent to the effect of applied field which, allow measuring the spin transfer efficiency in these systems.

L'étude du déplacement des parois de domaines magnétiques au moyen d'un courant électrique, par couple de transfert de spin, a généré beaucoup d'intérêt ces dernières années, notamment depuis que de nouveaux dispositifs de mémoires magnétiques utilisant cet effet ont été proposés. Récemment, un nouveau mécanisme capable de propager les parois sous courant avec une grande efficacité a été mis en évidence dans les matériaux tri-couches à anisotropie perpendiculaire et à fort couplage spin-orbite. La compréhension de ce mécanisme, appelé couple de spin-orbite, reste néanmoins loin d'être acquise, tout comme son effet sur la propagation des parois de domaines.L'objectif de ce travail de thèse était d'étudier l'influence de ce couple de spin-orbite sur la dynamique des parois. Pour cela, j'ai étudié expérimentalement le déplacement de paroi sous l'action d'un courant et d'un champ magnétique dans une tri-couche de Pt/Co/AlOx en présence d'un champ magnétique planaire, utilisé pour modifier la structure interne de la paroi et ainsi moduler l'action du couple de spin-orbite sur la dynamique de celle-ci. Ce travail a permis de mettre en évidence l'existence d'un effet asymétrique dans la dynamique de la paroi pour ce type de système.Pour expliquer ce résultat, nous avons proposé une nouvelle structure de paroi dans les matériaux ultra-minces à anisotropie perpendiculaire, résultant de l'interaction Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya. En combinant des calculs analytiques et des simulations micro-magnétiques, la dynamique d'une telle paroi a été étudiée et comparée aux résultats expérimentaux. Enfin, toujours dans le but d'expliquer l'effet asymétrique observé expérimentalement, une seconde interprétation basée sur la présence d'un mécanisme d'amortissement anisotrope a également été proposée. / The study of current-induced magnetic domain wall motion through spin transfer torque has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, especially since new magnetic memories devices based on this effect have been proposed. Recently, a new mechanism allowing for highly efficient current-induced domain wall motion has been discovered in ultrathin asymmetric materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and high spin-orbit coupling. However this mechanism, named spin-orbit torque, and its effect on domain wall motion are not yet well understood.The objective of this work was to study the influence of this spin-orbit torque on domain wall motion. For that, I have studied field- and current-induced domain wall motion in Pt/Co/AlOx trilayer, in the presence of an in-plane magnetic field. This work allowed highlighting the existence of an asymmetric effect in the domain-wall dynamics of this system.In order to explain this result, we have proposed a new kind of domain wall structure, resulting from Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and high spin-orbit coupling. Using analytic calculations and micro-magnetic simulations, this domain wall dynamics has been studied and compared to the experimental results. Finally, a second approach based on the presence of an anisotropic damping mechanism has also been proposed to explain the asymmetric effect observed experimentally.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-12-22T12:37:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 josielcarlosdesouzagomes.pdf: 11267373 bytes, checksum: 393a01f57f4f5afaaf46890b84f4a7ac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-12-22T12:42:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 josielcarlosdesouzagomes.pdf: 11267373 bytes, checksum: 393a01f57f4f5afaaf46890b84f4a7ac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T12:42:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 josielcarlosdesouzagomes.pdf: 11267373 bytes, checksum: 393a01f57f4f5afaaf46890b84f4a7ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A nanotecnologia é uma área de estudo promissora e que nos mostra resultados bastante surpreendentes. Amostras magnéticas (Cobalto e liga de Permalloy (Ni81Fe19), por exemplo) em escala nanométrica, têm como aplicabilidade importante a gravação magnética devido à crescente demanda por meios de gravação cada vez mais rápidos e de alta capacidade de armazenamento. Para determinados tamanhos de nanofios, observa-se a presença de domínios magnéticos e paredes de domínios do tipo vórtice ou transversal que podem ser transportadas para diferentes regiões sem deformação. Pode-se usar tais paredes como bit de informação mas, para isso, precisa-se conhecer com detalhes o comportamento dessas paredes em diversas situações. Neste presente trabalho utilizamos simulações numéricas para estudar o comportamento da magnetização em nanofios retangulares (nanofitas) de Permalloy-79, que apresentam parede de domínio transversal entre domínios “head-to-head”. Utilizamos nestas simulações um modelo no qual os momentos magnéticos interagem através da interação de troca e a interação dipolar. Embora a maioria dos trabalhos encontrados utilizem campo magnético para mover a parede, optamos por aplicar corrente de spin-polarizado na direção do nanofio devido ao fato de ser mais prático de ser produzido. A dinâmica do sistema é regida pelas equações de Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert e a atuação da corrente é introduzida nessas equações. Fizemos uma abordagem teórica na qual pode-se mostrar como esta equação de Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert para aplicação de corrente foi obtida. A integração da equação de Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert é feita utilizando o método de Runge-Kutta e de Predição-Correção. Baseado nessas teorias, escrevemos um programa na linguagem Fortran-90 para realizar as simulações. Em nossos resultados observamos o comportamento da velocidade da parede de domínio em função do tempo e da densidade de corrente. Comparamos estes resultados com a bibliografia. / Nanotechnology is a promising field of study and show us pretty amazing results. Magnetic samples (Cobalt and alloy Permalloy (81NiFe19), for example) at the nanometer scale, have as important applicability the magnetic recording due to the growing demand for recording media ever faster and high storage capacity. For certain sizes of nanowires, it is observed the presence of magnetic domains and vortex domain walls or transverse domain wall which can be transported to different regions without deformation. It can use such walls as bit of information, but for that it is necessary to know in detail the behavior of these walls in various situations. In this work we used numerical simulations to study the behavior of the magnetization in rectangular nanowires (nanostrip) of Permalloy-79, which have transverse domain wall between domains "head-to-head."We used in these simulations a model in which the magnetic moments interact through the exchange interaction and the dipolar interaction. Although most studies found use magnetic field to move the wall, we decided to apply spin-polarized current toward the nanowire due the fact that it is more practical to be produced. The dynamics of the system is governed by the equations of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert and the current performance is introduced in these equations. We made a theoretical approach in which you can show how this equation of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert for applying current was obtained. The integration of the equation of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert is done using the Runge-Kutta and Prediction-Correction methods. Based on these theories, we wrote a program in Fortran-90 language to perform the simulations. In our results we observed the behavior of the domain wall velocity as a function of time and current density. We compare these results with the literature.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-01-10T13:25:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 andersonliradesalessantos.pdf: 15105576 bytes, checksum: 64b0938ed4211d7b4d1f253445ad7b79 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Favor verificar se Araújo não tem acento: Membro da banca: Araujo, Clodoaldo Irineu Levartoski de on 2018-01-23T11:47:06Z (GMT) / Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-01-23T13:11:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 andersonliradesalessantos.pdf: 15105576 bytes, checksum: 64b0938ed4211d7b4d1f253445ad7b79 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-01-23T13:15:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andersonliradesalessantos.pdf: 15105576 bytes, checksum: 64b0938ed4211d7b4d1f253445ad7b79 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T13:15:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andersonliradesalessantos.pdf: 15105576 bytes, checksum: 64b0938ed4211d7b4d1f253445ad7b79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-03 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O estudo da dinâmica das paredes de domínio em uma nanofita magnética tem atraído um grande interesse por conta das suas importantes aplicações tecnológicas em mídias magnéticas e memória RAM (Random Access Memory). Para determinadas geometrias e tamanhos, a nanofita magnética apresenta paredes de domínio magnético tipo transversal ou vórtice, que com a aplicação de uma força externa podem ser transportadas para diferentes regiões da nanofita sem perder suas propriedades magnéticas. Neste trabalho, estudamos a influência de uma fita de impureza magnética sobre a dinâmica de uma parede de domínio transversal (PDT) em uma nanofita magnética de Permalloy-79 (Ni79Fe21), via simulação computacional. A PDT émovida com a aplicação de uma corrente de spin polarizada na direção do eixo da nanofita. Nas nossas simulações, as nanofitas são modeladas por uma hamiltoniana que leva em consideração a interação de curto (troca) e longo (dipolar) alcance dos momentos magnéticos. A dinâmica do sistema éregida pela equação de Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert com o termo da corrente de spin. Nós calculamos a energia de interação entre a PDT e a fita de impureza, e variando a intensidade da corrente de spin, determinamos o valor mínimo da corrente necessária para “arrancar”a PDT da fita de impureza. Mostramos que este valor mínimo depende, principalmente, da largura da nanofita e da constante de troca J' entre o material da nanofita e o da impureza. Este estudo tem grande importância para aplicações tecnológicas que utilizam o movimento da parede de domínio. / The study of the dynamics of domain wall in magnetic nanowires have attracted a vast interest because of their important technological applications in magnetic media and MRAM’s (Random Access Memory). For certain geometries and sizes, magnetic nanowires present transverse domain walls or vortex domain walls, which with the application of an ex-ternal field can be transported to different regions of the nanowire without losing its magnetic properties. In this work, we have studied the influence of a cluster of magnetic impurities on the transverse domain wall (TDW) dynamics in a magnetic nanowires of Permalloy-79 (Ni79Fe21) using numerical simulations. The TDW is driven by the application of a spin polarized current in the direction of the nanowires axes. In our simulations, the nanowires are modeled by a Hamiltonian that takes into account the short (exchange) and long (dipolar) range interactions of magnetic moments. The dynamics of the system is governed by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations with spin current term. We have studied the interaction potential between the TDW and the cluster, and by varying the applied spin current, we can determine the minimum value of the current necessary to depin the domain wall of the cluster. We have shown that this minimum value depends on the width of the nanowire and the exchange constant J' between the material of the nanowire and the impurity. The present study is of the great significance for technological applications that use movement of domain walls.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-31T14:30:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 vanessaaparecidaferreira.pdf: 9577737 bytes, checksum: e1c35053ce9fcc426eee1d371014e5d9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T02:58:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vanessaaparecidaferreira.pdf: 9577737 bytes, checksum: e1c35053ce9fcc426eee1d371014e5d9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T02:58:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vanessaaparecidaferreira.pdf: 9577737 bytes, checksum: e1c35053ce9fcc426eee1d371014e5d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O entendimento dos processos que envolvem a magnetização de ferromagnetos torna-se cada vez mais necessário frente às recentes aplicações tecnológicas em mídias magnéticas, cabeças de leitura e escrita e MRAMs. O estudo de nanofios magnéticos revela a presença de paredes de domínios do tipo vórtice ou transversal que podem ser transportadas para diferentes regiões sem deformação, tendo assim um grande potencial para aplicações tecnológicas. A manipulação da parede de domínio no nanofio é feita através da aplicação de campos magnéticos ou correntes de spin-polarizado. Controlar o movimento das paredes de domínio nos nanofios magnéticos é fundamental a sua aplicabilidade em tecnologias de memórias e dispositivos lógicos. Neste trabalho, usando simulações numéricas, apresentamos um estudo da dinâmica da parede de domínio transversal “head-to-head” em nanofios magnéticos de Permalloy-79. Em nossas simulações os nanofios são modelados por uma hamiltoniana que leva em consideração a interação de troca e a interação dipolar, e a dinâmica do sistema é regida pelas equações de Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert. A parede de domínio se move sob a ação de pulsos de campo magnético aplicado na direção do eixo do nanofio. Desta forma, analisamos a influência da espessura e largura do nanofio e da amplitude de campo magnético no valor da velocidade da parede de domínio. Propomos a inclusão de uma impureza magnética pela alteração da constante de troca J para J0 entre o sítio com a impureza magnética e seus vizinhos. A impureza magnética pode se comportar como um sítio de aprisionamento da parede de domínio ou como um sítio de espalhamento, dependendo da variação da constante de troca J0 em relação ao seu valor de referência J. Este comportamento pode ser de grande interesse no controle da posição da parede de domínio. Estudamos o comportamento do potencial de interação entre a impureza e a parede de domínio. Variando-se a posição da impureza percebemos que a energia de interação aumenta quando ela se encontra próxima ao polo sul da parede de domínio transversal, favorecendo o aprisionamento ou a repulsão da parede. Observamos que a impureza magnética afeta a velocidade da parede de domínio. Realizamos um estudo sobre o campo magnético necessário para a liberação de uma parede de domínio que se encontra aprisionada em uma impureza magnética. Estabelecemos uma relação entre este campo magnético e a largura do nanofio. Observamos também que sob a aplicação de um pulso de campo magnético acima do campo de Walker, a parede de domínio pode inverter sua polaridade ao atingir a impureza e inverter o sentido de sua propagação. Nossos resultados mostram que uma potencial aplicação tecnológica em dispositivos de memória pode ser o uso de impurezas magnéticas inseridas litograficamente em nanofios magnéticos para o controle da posição das paredes de domínio. / The understanding of the processes involving the magnetization of ferromagnets becomes increasingly necessary in the face of recent technological applications in magnetic media, reading and writing heads and MRAMs. The study of magnetic nanowires reveals the presence of vortex domain walls or transverse domain walls that can be transported to different regions without deformation, generating a great potential for technological application. The domain wall manipulation in the nanowire is made by applying a magnetic field or spin-polarized current. Controlling the movement of domain walls in magnetic nanowires is fundamental to its applicability in memory technologies and logic devices. In this work, using numerical simulations, we present a study of the dynamics of the “head-to-head” transverse domain wall in magnetic nanowires made of Permalloy-79. In the simulations the nanowires are modeled by a Hamiltonian that takes into account the exchange interaction and dipolar interaction and the dynamics of the system is governed by Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations. The domain wall moves under the influence of pulses of magnetic field. Thus, we analyzed the influence of the thickness and width of the nanowire and the amplitude of the magnetic field in the domain wall velocity. We propose the inclusion of a magnetic impurity by changing the exchange constant J to J0 between a site with impurity and its neighbors. The magnetic impurity can behave like a pinning or scattering site to the domain wall depending on the variation of the exchange constant J0 in relation to the value of reference J. This behavior can be of great interest to control the position of the domain wall. We studied the behavior of the interaction potential between impurity and domain wall. Varying the position of the impurity we observed that the interaction energy increases when it is near to the south pole of the domain wall favoring the pinning or scattering of the wall. We observed that the magnetic impurity affects the domain wall velocity. We performed a study of the magnetic field required for depinning the domain wall which is pinned to a magnetic impurity. We established a relation between the depinning magnetic field and the width of the nanowire. We also observed that under the influence of a pulse of magnetic field above the Walker field the domain wall can reverse its polarity when achieving attractive impurity and reverse the direction of propagation. We believe that a potential technological application in memory devices can be the use of magnetic impurities lithographically inserted in magnetic nanowires to control the positions of the domain walls.