This project is based on questions about the significance of the acoustic space for kulning (herding calls). Swedish vocal folk music and in particular kulning, is at the center of my expressive, musical language. I was seduced by the tonality, variety, flexibility in Swedish folk singing as well as the individual freedom of expression. In this work I want to reflect past and present, based on the voice and singing style from my own perspective. The questions were: How can I kula if I don´t have a forest, the natural environment for kulning? Can I create a virtual forest indoors, for my voice to sound in a similar way as outdoors, that would feel like kulning outdoors? Can I find an analog or electronic backdoor to a perfect kulning sound in indoor spaces? Can I create new music with the idea that the room is an extension of the kulning sound? and in the end, how do I convey the artistic qualities of kulning to someone else? I have investigated those questions in the artistic project - The Dome - Part I, Part II and Part III by creating spatial music for voices, in two different dome-shaped indoor spaces. The insight that the room is an extension of the sound of kulning made me understand the importance of uncompromising acoustics. I revalue techniques, directions and positions. Try out tools to create - virtual SoundScapesusing digital technology. Experiment with exercises that can give my voice long durability. Try out composition models to get musical ideas to implement in new music. The artistic outcomes of this research are new concepts for kulning in electroacoustic and analog indoor spaces. The result of the project has become a number of methods for composition, improvisation, performing and teaching.    The project has been documented in a website: http://footprints.mariamisgeld.se

The thesis deals with the analysis of a reinforced concrete digestate tank. The tank is built as a semi-underground construction. The roof is designed as a reinforced concrete dome, which is prestressed in a circular beam with prestressing cables - monostrands. The calculation of internal forces were performed by the software SCIA Engineer. The structure was assessed for the ultimate limit state and the ultimate serviceability state, in terms of watertightness for the width of cracks.

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Array antennas, and more specifically phased array antennas, are widely used in radar detection and communication systems because of their excellent beam scanning ability and simple control. Generally speaking, the scanning function can be realized in two ways: mechanically or electronically. Mechanical steering is done by rotating the whole structure, so there is a certain delay. The electronic scanning is done by controlling the relative relationship between the input signals of different array elements. Electronical scanning is then faster and easy to integrate with other circuits, which makes it an interesting solution to these applications. However, the disadvantage of electronic steering is that the scanning angle range is limited, which is generally within the range of ±60° . Beyond this range, the performance of the antenna will decrease considerably. One way to improve the antenna gain or expand the scanning range of the array antenna is to combine the array antenna with a dielectric radome. This thesis mainly studies how to adjust the shape of the dielectric radome with a center frequency of 28GHz to expand the beam scanning range of the two-dimensional array composed of rectangular waveguide ports. The inner and outer profiles of the dielectric lens follows the conics equation, and the shape of the lens can be controlled by adjusting different parameters. In this thesis, I adjust the lens shape according to three different objectives: 1. Increase the gain of the array antenna at the small scanning angle (0° ∼ 30°). The adjusted lens model increases the gain in this range by about 0.5 dBi; 2. Improve the gain of the array antenna at the large scanning angle (60° ∼ 80°). The final lens model increases the gain of the array antenna at the scanning angle of 70° and 80° by about 0.5 dBi and 1 dBi respectively; and 3. Improve the directivity of the array antenna in the range of 0° ∼ 70° . The final dielectric lens model improves the directivity in the broadside direction by about 1 dBi, and increases about 0.6 dBi when the scanning angle is 60° ; / Arrayantenner, och mer specifikt fasantenner, används ofta i radardetekterings- och kommunikationssystem på grund av deras utmärkta strålskanningsförmåga och enkla kontroll. Generellt kan skanningsfunktionen realiseras på två sätt: mekaniskt eller elektroniskt. Mekanisk styrning görs genom att rotera hela strukturen, så det finns en viss fördröjning. Den elektroniska skanningen görs genom att styra det relativa förhållandet mellan ingångssignalerna för olika arrayelement. Elektronisk skanning är då snabbare och lätt att integrera med andra kretsar, vilket gör det till en intressant lösning för dessa applikationer. Nackdelen med elektronisk styrning är dock att skanningsvinkeln är begränsad, vanligtvis mindre än ±60°. Utöver detta område kommer antennens prestanda att minska avsevärt. Ett sätt att förbättra antennförstärkningen eller utöka antennens skanningsområde är att kombinera arrayantennen med en dielektrisk radom. Denna avhandling studerar huvudsakligen hur man justerar formen på den dielektriska radomen med en centerfrekvens på 28GHz för att utöka strålskanningsområdet för den tvådimensionella array bestående av rektangulära vågledarportar. Den dielektriska linsens inre och yttre form följer konekvationen, och linsens form kan kontrolleras genom att justera olika parametrar. I denna avhandling justerar jag linsens form enligt tre olika mål: 1. Öka förstärkningen av antennen vid den lilla skanningsvinkeln (0° ∼ 30°). Den justerade linsmodellen ökar förstärkningen i detta område med cirka 0.5 dBi; 2. Förbättra förstärkningen av antennen vid den stora skanningsvinkeln (60° ∼ 80° ). Den slutliga modellen på linsen ökar förstärkningen av antennen i skanningsvinkeln 70° och 80° med cirka 0.5 dBi respektive 1 dBi; och 3. Förbättra riktigheten hos antennen i intervallet 0° ∼ 70°. Den slutliga dielektriska linsmodellen förbättrar riktningen i breddriktningen med ca 1 dBi, och ökar ca 0.6 dBi när skanningsvinkeln är 60°;

The Master´s thesis contains design of steel construction of exhibition pavilion, which is consists of columns, dome, lantern and suspension footbridge. Building will be intended for organizing exhibitions and conferences by town Trutnov. Two models of variants of dome´s construction are drafted in this work– Schwedler´s and Föpple´s dome. Models are space tubular structures.The work contains static assessment of spatial structures and spherical steel joint in program SCIA Engineer for both variants. Hand assessment of bars, basic details and anchoring, technical report and drawing dokumentation are drafted for selected variant construction with Schwedler´s dome.

The settlement history of the Vredefort Dome can be described as a process of cultural development. The Vaal River hydrosphere, which was for many years a prestigious settlement site, initially attracted large scale game and later livestock farmers. The drifts were a central part of a network of early strategic communication routes and outspans. From 1838, pioneer settlement, farm occupation and agricultural development followed, and the area eventually entered an agriculture-mining era. Gold-mining stimulated the regional economy and also played a significant role in the development of towns in the area. The Vaal River did not play a significant role from a mining perspective, but featured more prominently in the development of villages and, in a sense, served as a political boundary. The location of the water source often determined where people settled permanently. It also decided the position of the house and yard. From the outset, riparian dwellers attempted to manipulate the flow of the river by creating dams and utilising water for irrigation and domestic purposes. Drought conditions also left historical traces; water management projects upstream transformed the Vaal River into a steadily flowing stream, which led to the economic and cultural segregation of north and south. Man's fear associated with drought (too little water), floods (too much water), meteorology (the necessity of water), and the role of the supernatural (divining water) and superstition (the water snake stories) were expressed in the interaction between people and this water environment. A wide variety of people with distinct cultures lived alongside each other in the area. Western and African cultural goods, as well as customs and beliefs, were mutually adopted by these different cultural groups as a result of this contact. The way land has been used in the Dome area has evolved over the years. The culling of game made way for the permanent establishment of the livestocktravelling farmer. Hereafter prolonged drought conditions destroyed pastures and, consequently, large areas of land were ploughed for agricultural use. Agriculture, which is more labour intensive and needs more water for irrigation, was replaced by game farming, which is less labour intensive and requires less water This world heritage site has drawn global interest and ecotourism has attracted visitors to the Vaal River area. The riparian dwellers, however, remain victims of up-stream industrial and sewage pollution; in future, they are likely to fall prey to acid mine water pollution, with disastrous consequences. / PhD (History), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

Small-scale volcanoes represent diverse group of landforms which vary in morphology, morphometry, and mechanisms of their formation. They are the most common volcanic form on Earth, and their existence and basic characteristics were also predicted for Mars. Availability of high-resolution image data now allows to search, identify and interpret such small volcanic features on the martian surface. This thesis extends our knowledge about the small-scale volcanoes with the following objectives: (a) to document the existence of martian analogues to some of the terrestrial volcanoes, in particular scoria cones, tuff cones, tuff rings and lava domes; (b) to establish their morphological and morphometrical parameters; and (c) to examine the effect of environmental factors, which differ on Earth and Mars, on the mechanisms of formation of the scoria cones. Interpretation of remote sensing images and digital elevation models reveals that scoria cones, tuff rings and cones, and lava domes exist on different parts of the martian surface and, in some cases, far away from previously well-known volcanic provinces. Scoria cones have been identified in the volcanic field Ulysses Colles situated within the Tharsis volcanic province; tuff cones and tuff rings have been found in the Nephenthes/Amenthes region at the...

Les variations temporelles et la provenance des aérosols minéraux continentaux (poussières) dans l'Antarctique de l'Est au cours de la fin du Quaternaire et en particulier pendant la dernière transition climatique ont été étudies au cours de cette thèse. Quatre carottes de glace profondes prélevées respectivement à Dome C (75° 06'S, 123° 21'E), dans le cadre du projet Européen EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica), à Dome B (77° 05' S, 94° 55' E), à Vostok (78° S, 106° E) et à Komsomolskaia (74° 05' S, 97° 29' E) ont été analysées. L'origine géographique des poussières dans les périodes glaciaires et interglaciaires a été précisée grâce à la signature isotopique des poussières (87Sr/86Sr versus 143Nd/144Nd) et à la comparaison avec des sédiments éoliens spécifiquement prélevés dans les régions potentielles d'origine des aérosols de l'hémisphère austral. L'analyse à haute résolution temporelle des paramètres de concentration et de distribution en taille des aérosols minéraux a permis d'obtenir d'importantes informations sur la circulation atmosphérique aux hautes latitudes de l'hémisphère Sud, ainsi que sur les conditions environnementales aux sources et sur le cycle hydrologique dans l'atmosphère. Les plaines sud-américaines des Pampas et la Patagonie apparaissent comme étant les sources dominantes sur tout le Plateau Antarctique au cours des périodes glaciaires; par contre, on suspecte une contribution additionnelle d'une autre source durant les interglaciaires. Le flux de poussières en Antarctique de l'Est au cours du Pléistocène et de l'Holocène est remarquablement homogène parmi les sites; par contre, des différences significatives caractérisent la granulométrie des particules, qui est un paramètre lié au transport. La réorganisation de la circulation atmosphérique dans les régions polaires et circumpolaires qui a eu lieu pendant la dernière transition climatique a influencé le transport des poussières, et a généré des variations asynchrones, voire des tendances opposés d'un secteur à l'autre du Plateau. L'Holocène et la dernière déglaciation sont caractérisés dans toutes les carottes analysées par des variations périodiques du transport à l'échelle millénaire et multi-séculaire. Les fréquences des oscillations sont les mêmes d'un site à l'autre mais la phase est différente. La rythmicité des advections des poussières sur le Plateau Antarctique semble suggérer la propagation circumpolaire d'anomalies dans les système s océan-glace de mer-atmosphère à des échelles temporelles millénaires et multi-séculaires.

Ce mémoire étudie les sources minérales,, qui ne sont plus exploitées, du département des Hautes Alpes mais qui pourraient faire l'objet d'une exploitation actuelle. Le bassin de la Durance , est , à cet égard étudié.

Forecasting eruptions using volcano seismology is a subject that affects the lives and property of millions of people around the world. However, there is still much to learn about the inner workings of volcanoes and how this relates to the chance of eruption. This dissertation attempts to increase the breadth of knowledge aimed at helping to understand when a volcano is likely to erupt and how large that eruption might be. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on a technique that uses changes in the local stress field beneath a volcano to determine the source of these changes and help forecast eruptions, while Chapter 4 focuses on a technique that shows great potential to be used to image magma chambers beneath volcanoes by using receiver functions. In Chapters 2 and 3 the source mechanisms of shallow volcano-tectonic earthquakes recorded at Mount St. Helens are investigated by calculating hypocenter locations and fault plane solutions (FPS) for shallow earthquakes recorded during two eruptive periods (1981-1986 and 2004-2008) and two non-eruptive periods (1987-2004 and 2008-2011). FPS show a mixture of normal, reverse, and strike-slip faulting during all periods, with a sharp increase in strike-slip faulting observed in 1987-1997 and an increase in normal faulting between 1998 and 2004 and again on September 25-29, 2004. FPS P-axis orientations (a proxy for ó1) show a ~90° rotation with respect to regional ó1 (N23°E) during 1981-1986 and 2004-2008, bimodal orientations (~N-S and ~E-W) during 1987-2004, and bimodal orientations at ~N-E and ~S-W from 2008-2011. These orientations are believed to be due to pressurization accompanying the shallow intrusion and subsequent eruption of magma as domes during 1981-1986 and 2004-2008, and the buildup of pore pressure beneath a shallow seismogenic volume during 1987-2004 and 2008-2011. Chapter 4 presents a study using receiver functions, which show the relative response of the Earth beneath a seismometer. Receiver functions are produced by deconvolving the vertical component of a seismogram from the horizontal components. The structure of the ground beneath the seismometer can then be inferred from the arrivals of P-to-S converted phases. Receiver functions were computed for the Katmai Volcanic Group, Alaska, at two seismic stations (KABU and KAKN) between January 2005 and July 2011. Receiver functions from station KABU clearly showed the arrival of the direct P-wave and the arrival from the Moho; however, receiver functions from station KAKN did not show the arrival from the Moho. In addition, changes in the amplitude and polarity of arrivals on receiver functions suggested that the structure beneath both KABU and KAKN was complex. Station KABU is likely underlain by dipping layers and/or anisotropy, while station KAKN may lie over a basin structure, an attenuating body, or some other highly complex structure. However, it is impossible to say for certain what the structure is under either station as the azimuthal coverage is poor and thus the structure is unable to be modeled. This dissertation also includes a section (Chapter 6) on the assessment of spreadsheet-based modules used in two Introductory Physical Geology courses at the University of South Florida (USF). When faculty at USF began using spreadsheet-based modules to help teach students math and geology concepts the students complained that they spent more time learning how to use Excel than they did learning the concepts presented in the modules. To determine whether the sharp learning curve for Excel was hindering learning we divided the students in two Introductory Physical Geology courses into two groups: one group was given a set of modules which instructed them to use Excel for all calculations; the other group was simply told to complete the calculations but was not instructed what method to use. The results of the study show that whether or not the students used Excel had very little to do with the level of learning they achieved. Despite complaints that Excel was hindering their learning, students in the study attained high gains for both the math and geology concepts presented in the modules whether they used Excel or not.