In turbomachinery, extra excitation forces may result from non-idealised operation conditions and may sometime cause excessive vibrations and unsteady rotor motions. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the effects of such excitation forces. The extra excitation forces investigated here are the Thomas/Alford force due to the blade tip clearance change, the steam excitation force caused by the variation of inlet steam speed and state blade trailing wake and the dominant magnetic pull force due to dynamic eccentricity of the rotor. The main research results in this thesis include: (1) The modelling of the Jeffcott rotor and the 600MW steam-turbine generator. The used in-house ??transient?? program can only handle the circular short bearings with the modified short bearing method while the simulated steam-turbine should be supported by tilting pad bearings. The first critical speeds of systems supported by tilting pad bearings are more approaching to the lab data for all four rotor models while that of journal bearing supported systems are normally lower than the real operating critical speed. (2) Applying three sorts of excitation forces into the single-stage rotor-bearing system. The numerical simulation shows that for the model with each single excitation force, all of these three forces need to reach some limit to force the system into the unsteady state. For all the three forces, higher limits are needed if the machine runs at lower running speeds. Furthermore, unbalance loading also can influence the system behaviours. As the unbalance increases, the system will still stay steady while the spectra become noisier, though the amplitude still low comparing to harmonics. (3) Combing three types of excitation forces into the assembled rotor-bearing system. The numerical simulation shows that the assembled system presents similar vibration responses as the single stage rotor-bearing system. Furthermore, these three forces cannot cancel each other and the combination will unstabilise the system. Meanwhile, the influence of the dominant magnetic pull force is less than other two forces.

Academic sociology identifies a dominant form of masculinity said to be the measure by which all men are judged. Called hegemonic or patriachal masculinity, it is seen as a form of masculinity with personal and social dimensions. In similar fashion, popular writings identify the traditional male heroic image as the cultural model of masculinity. This study explores the impact of such a dominant model of masculinity as factors in how boys and young males learn to be a man. The research looks at the lives of 13 males aged in their early 20s and around 40 years of age, utilising life-course theory and a social-psychological perspective. It compares and contrasts the experiences and perceptions of these young and mid-life males, with regard to the dominant social model of masculinity. The study seeks to assess the significance of the dominant cultural model of masculinity, as a model for what it means to be a man, for males at different stages of their life course. The dominant model of masculinity appears as a rather one dimensional model, a mainly tough, brave and physical image. During adolescence popular culture was the major influence upon their ideas and perceptions of masculinity. This influence came via their interest and participation in sport, the masculine cultural ideal enforced by their peers, and popular media images. the traditional model of masculinity can be seen to be a heroic form of masculinity with emphasis upon power, competition, success and glory. Traditional or patriarchal masculinity, called more simply heroic masculinity, emerges as a potent influence for both the young and mid-life males in terms of values, behaviours and practice. Traditional masculinity emerges as an influence they barely recognise; and possibly a factor in the limited emotional repertoire and guardedness that mid-life males exhibit. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>The aim of this paper is to discuss the impediments to adopting sustainabletransportation in developing countries using tricycles in Nigeria as a case study.Two Executives of Chongqing Beyond Company in China, Marketing Managerof Kayemel Tricycle in India, Brand Manager of keke POeT, the chairman ofTricycle Association, Idewu Routes, the chairman of Tricycle Association,Liverpool Routes and a member of Transport Committee, Obafemi AwolowoUniversity (OAU) were interviewed. Data was also gathered throughquestionnaires for a total of fifteen drivers of different tricycle types on differentroute and a total of twenty passengers picked at random from Idewu Route,Liverpool Route and OAU campus.It was discovered under the lenses of relevant Green Marketing literature thatthe data supports some theoretical findings in their respective fields but alsocounters some other theoretic findings. It came to the conclusion that concept ofdominant demand, commercial stakeholders’ cooperation and effective qualityprogram advocated by some of the green marketing literature are very effectivemarketing tactics in the success of green tricycles adoption in Nigeria.</p>

The aim of this paper is to discuss the impediments to adopting sustainabletransportation in developing countries using tricycles in Nigeria as a case study.Two Executives of Chongqing Beyond Company in China, Marketing Managerof Kayemel Tricycle in India, Brand Manager of keke POeT, the chairman ofTricycle Association, Idewu Routes, the chairman of Tricycle Association,Liverpool Routes and a member of Transport Committee, Obafemi AwolowoUniversity (OAU) were interviewed. Data was also gathered throughquestionnaires for a total of fifteen drivers of different tricycle types on differentroute and a total of twenty passengers picked at random from Idewu Route,Liverpool Route and OAU campus.It was discovered under the lenses of relevant Green Marketing literature thatthe data supports some theoretical findings in their respective fields but alsocounters some other theoretic findings. It came to the conclusion that concept ofdominant demand, commercial stakeholders’ cooperation and effective qualityprogram advocated by some of the green marketing literature are very effectivemarketing tactics in the success of green tricycles adoption in Nigeria.

名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類 : 博士(医学)(課程) 学位授与年月日:平成24年3月26日 櫛山泰規氏の博士論文として提出された

This qualitative research is a contribution to the ongoing debate among marketing researchers regarding if there is a dominant paradigm and viewpoint of marketing and which one is the most appropriate. In this study current views of marketing are identified and then compared against the older Goods-Dominant Logic of Marketing and Vargos’ and Luschs’ alternative Service-Dominant Logic of Marketing. The trends that have been observed are situated in the framework of Thomas S. Kuhn’s philosophy of science. The aim has been to make an analysis about which stage marketing is in its scientific revolution today. Kuhn’s philosophy has, as far as we know, never been examined with the chosen methodology. Further it has not been applied onto a social science either. The conclusion that has been drawn in the thesis is that marketing is dealing with anomalies at this moment. Therefore it is in a stage of crisis in its scientific revolution. Hence there is not a dominant paradigm in marketing currently. / Bakgrunden till uppsatsen är den debatt vilken pågått under snart 20 år fram till dags dato mellan marknadsföringsforskare gällande vilket grundläggande synsätt som vetenskapen bör ha. Forskning visar på att marknadsföringsdisciplinen under lång tid präglats av ett varucentrerat synsätt som har sitt ursprung i nationalekonomin. I debatten tydliggör forskarna för de brister som de finner med det varucentrerade synsättet och särskilt gällande det förhållningssätt synsättet har till service och tjänster. Undersökningen har sin utgångspunkt i den fråga några forskare ställer sig gällande om ett paradigmskifte kan vara på gång inom marknadsföringsdisciplinen. Frågan ställer vi mot det alternativa synsätt Stephen Vargo och Robert Lusch utvecklat. De är inte de enda forskare som utvecklat alternativa synsätt men deras utmärker sig på två sätt. Dels genom att service istället för varor är grundstenen i synsättet dels den aggregerade nivån på deras resonemang. Vi ställer oss frågan vilket som är det rådande paradigmet inom marknadsföringsdisciplinen idag. Är det Vargos och Luschs nya servicecentrerade synsätt Service-Dominant (S-D) Logic of Marketing, eller det äldre varucentrerade som de benämner Goods-Dominant (G-D) Logic of Marketing? Eller kanske något annat? Frågeställningen ställs utifrån Thomas S. Kuhns vetenskapsfilosofi vari paradigm är det mest centrala begreppet. Vidare syftar vi till att påvisa i vilken av faserna i den vetenskapliga revolution som marknadsföringsdisciplinen är i idag. Undersökningen har främst en deduktiv ansats, där grunden utgörs av en omfattande litteraturstudie. Kuhns vetenskapsfilosofi och alla de faser som ingår i den vetenskapliga utvecklingen som han kallar för vetenskapliga revolutioner fungerar som en metateori. Vidare redogörs det även för de karakteristiska dragen i G-D Logic och S-D Logic. Metodvalet är kvalitativt då vi syftar till att ge en ögonblicksbild av rådande synsätt vilket stämmer väl överens med kvalitativa metoders styrkor. Tio informanter inom urvalet intervjuades rörande deras synsätt kring områden som marknadsföringsämnet består av. Analysen byggs sedan upp i två steg. Informanternas svar analyseras utifrån G-D Logic och S-D Logic för att se om informanternas synsätt omfattas av dem eller om något annat synsätt är tydligt. De tendenser vi finner i informanternas synsätt analyserar vi sedan utifrån Kuhns vetenskapsfilosofi. Därefter var det möjligt att dra slutsatsen att marknadsföringsdisciplinen idag befinner sig i den vetenskapliga fasen kris som karakteriseras av anomalier. Vidare är inget synsätt dominant idag. Undersökningen har främst två målgrupper. Dels forskare inom marknadsföringsämnet där vi bidrar till den rådande debatten. Dels till andra samhällsvetenskapliga discipliner. Vi har inte kunnat finna att Kuhns filosofi har testas inom samhällsvetenskapen tidigare. Därigenom kommer undersökningen också med ett metodologiskt bidrag.

No description available.

The pharmaceutical market is a billon euro industry and the competition on the market is highly intensive. Primarily there are two competitors on the market, partly the originators which provide the market with new drugs, and partly the generics which produce copies of the originators‟ drugs. The originators are able to be granted patent protection of the drug under the European patent system, provided that the drug fulfils the requirements for patentability. During the period of patent protection the generics are not able to produce copies of the drug, but once the duration of the patent has expired the generics are able start the production. Thus, in order to hinder the generics to make copies of the drug, the originators apply various patent strategies. This has been noted by the European Commission, which conducted a sector inquiry of the pharmaceutical market in 2009. The presentation of the competition within the market focused on the applied strategies by the originator and concluded that all measures will be taken to hinder restrictions on the competition. In conjunction, the General Court judged in a recent case that the originator AstraZeneca constituted an infringement of the competition law when their strategies were applied. The complexity of determine whether a strategy is lawful or not, is due to the interface between the intellectual property law and the EC competition law. This implies that the strategy can be lawful under the IP law but unlawful under the competition law. The Court has established that any strategy, regardless of its legality under the IP law, constitutes an infringement of the competition law if it might restrict the competition. The Courts do not provide sufficient guidelines of the conditions that constitute the infringement. Consequently, the strategies‟ legality is at present time uncertain.

No description available.

To track evolution of autonomic responses during orthostasis in men and women, we used discrete pseudo-Wigner distribution based time-frequency analysis to compute dominant frequencies and spectral powers in RR intervals and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP). Data were collected from 38 healthy volunteers (22 men, 16 women) during 10 min supine posture followed by 30 min of 700 head up tilt. The RR intervals were computed from ECG and systolic blood pressure was and spectral amplitudes of RR intervals were integrated in two regions viz., Low Frequency (LF) region defined between 0.05-0.15 Hz and High Frequency region (HF), sometimes referred to as respiratory frequency region, defined as mean breathing frequency of the individual +/- one standard deviation. Dominant frequencies of RR intervals in the LF region decreased in both men and women. There were no significant differences between men and women as far as the SBP data were concerned for the dominant frequencies, however women had higher values than men. Dominant frequencies of RR intervals in the HF region increased both in men and women from supine to tilt. No significant differences in dominant frequencies were found between men and women. Also there were no significant differences even for the SBP data, however men had higher values than women Integrated powers within the auto spectra of RR showed that in the HF region, power decreased significantly for both men (pandlt;0.005), and women (pandlt;0.001) during tilt compared to supine. However, the HF power in women was significantly higher for men during both supine (pandlt;0.001), and tilt (pandlt;0.005). In LF region integrated power spectrum showed no significant difference between men and women although women showed a slight increase from supine to tilt. These results suggest that men have a higher sympathetic control while women have greater para-sympathetic influence.