You are what you eat. The essence of being is our identity, so what we choose to eat has a large impact on who we are. By defining identity and applying these definitions in relation to food we can discover how we identify through the foods we eat, creating a food identity. For Mexican Americans, it is la comida que sí se come! I have classified the following as our most basic forms of identity: mental versus the physical or biological, and individual versus group. Within the group identity stem the facets of race, ethnicity, nationality, language and culture that all make up a Mexican American identity. By thoroughly exploring the four basic classifications of identity we are able to apply the methods of identity creation towards our interactions with food, from our first learned experiences as children, to later cooking for our own children, which all lead to the creation of our food identities. Once food identity is understood it can be applied specifically to the Mexican American experience, therefore exploring how the food choices that Mexican Americans make contribute towards a unique food identity. Just like the Mexican American self identity, Mexican American food identity is neither “Mexican” nor “American,” and yet it can be both. Like self identity, this food identity consists of a long historical background, embracing dual nationalities and combining life experiences with culture. It is also heavily influenced by family- familia- more so than a generic food identity. / text

Thesis--Catholic University of America, 1978. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [167]-170).

Thesis--Catholic University of America, 1978. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [167]-170). Also issued online.

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van hierdie studie was om die aard en negatiewe gevolge van die verlies- en treurproses te ondersoek, en riglyne daar te stel vir die terapeutiese hantering van die verlies- en treurproses. Aan die hand van ‘n literatuurstudie is die aard, gevolge en terapie-benaderings met betrekking tot die verlies- en treurproses bestudeer. Die Opvoedkundig-sielkundige Relasieteorie is verken, en is as raamwerk in ’n empiriese studie gebruik. Die hantering van die verlies- en treurproses is kwalitatief ondersoek. Deur terapeutiese intervensie in drie deelnemers se verlies- en treurproses, is insig verkry met die oog op die samestelling van ’n terapieprogram, sowel as vir riglyne vir die terapeut en die kliënt. Ek het wegbeweeg van navorsing wat primêr beskrywend van aard is en op diagnostiese oorwegings fokus, na raamwerke waar intervensie-strategieë en spesifieke tegnieke gebruik kan word wanneer die terapeut en die kliënt betrokke is in deurlopende psigoterapie. Die navorsingsresultate toon dat dit belangrik is om nie slegs op die verlies te fokus nie, maar ook op onopgeloste kwessies wat vantevore in die kliënt se lewe plaasgevind het. Insig en kennis van hulleself, hul verhoudings, verdedigingsmeganismes, emosies, denke en gedrag, en die invloed wat dit op hulle verlies- en treurproses het, was nodig sodat die kliënte hul ongewenste aangeleerde gedrag kon wysig, om sodoende hulleself beter te verstaan in die hantering van hulle verlies en die treurproses. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature and negative consequenses of, and to set guidelines for the therapeutic handling of the loss and grief process. A literature study was undertaken to determine the nature, consequences, and therapeutic techniques, with regard to the loss and grief process, based on Psychological Relations theory. By means of therapeutic intervention in the three participants’ loss and grief processes, I gained insight to compose a therapeutic programme, as well as therapeutic guidelines and intervention strategies and specific techniques that can be used when the therapist and the client are involved in continuous psychotherapy. The results of the study indicated that it is important to focus on unresolved issues that happened earlier in the client’s life. Insight in the person as a whole, is required to be able to understand themselves better in the handling of their loss and the grieving process. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van hierdie studie was om die aard en negatiewe gevolge van die verlies- en treurproses te ondersoek, en riglyne daar te stel vir die terapeutiese hantering van die verlies- en treurproses. Aan die hand van ‘n literatuurstudie is die aard, gevolge en terapie-benaderings met betrekking tot die verlies- en treurproses bestudeer. Die Opvoedkundig-sielkundige Relasieteorie is verken, en is as raamwerk in ’n empiriese studie gebruik. Die hantering van die verlies- en treurproses is kwalitatief ondersoek. Deur terapeutiese intervensie in drie deelnemers se verlies- en treurproses, is insig verkry met die oog op die samestelling van ’n terapieprogram, sowel as vir riglyne vir die terapeut en die kliënt. Ek het wegbeweeg van navorsing wat primêr beskrywend van aard is en op diagnostiese oorwegings fokus, na raamwerke waar intervensie-strategieë en spesifieke tegnieke gebruik kan word wanneer die terapeut en die kliënt betrokke is in deurlopende psigoterapie. Die navorsingsresultate toon dat dit belangrik is om nie slegs op die verlies te fokus nie, maar ook op onopgeloste kwessies wat vantevore in die kliënt se lewe plaasgevind het. Insig en kennis van hulleself, hul verhoudings, verdedigingsmeganismes, emosies, denke en gedrag, en die invloed wat dit op hulle verlies- en treurproses het, was nodig sodat die kliënte hul ongewenste aangeleerde gedrag kon wysig, om sodoende hulleself beter te verstaan in die hantering van hulle verlies en die treurproses. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature and negative consequenses of, and to set guidelines for the therapeutic handling of the loss and grief process. A literature study was undertaken to determine the nature, consequences, and therapeutic techniques, with regard to the loss and grief process, based on Psychological Relations theory. By means of therapeutic intervention in the three participants’ loss and grief processes, I gained insight to compose a therapeutic programme, as well as therapeutic guidelines and intervention strategies and specific techniques that can be used when the therapist and the client are involved in continuous psychotherapy. The results of the study indicated that it is important to focus on unresolved issues that happened earlier in the client’s life. Insight in the person as a whole, is required to be able to understand themselves better in the handling of their loss and the grieving process. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal hoe volwasse enkel-tweelinge hul lewens ervaar na die verlies van hul mede-tweeling. ‘n Kwalitatiewe empiriese ondersoek is gedoen met die doel om die behoeftes van enkel- tweelinge tydens die hantering van tweelingverlies en die rouproses te bepaal. Literatuur toon aan dat die oneffektiewe hanteringsvaardighede wat gebruik word tydens tweelingverlies kan lei tot emosionele, kognitiewe, identiteits-, verhoudings- en gedragskwessies. Die literatuur dui verder aan dat daar agt temas is wat bepaal of hierdie kwessies tydens die lewe van die enkel-tweeling gaan voorkom. Die agt temas is naamlik die effek van ouerlike gesindheid, negatiewe aspekte om ‘n tweeling te wees, skuldgevoelens, polarisasie, die tweelingband, versagtende omstandighede en die effek van die verlies op die verhouding met ander. ‘n Meervoudige gevallestudie met ‘n narratiewe analitiese proses is in die studie gevolg. Agt deelnemers het ‘n self-opgestelde vraelys voltooi. Daarna is semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude gevoer om die temas wat verband hou met die vraelys verder te ondersoek. ‘n Opvolg in-diepte onderhoud is ‘n maand later met elke deelnemer gevoer waartydens hulle hul ervaring as enkel-tweeling bespreek het. Die eerste verwagte uitkoms was om die behoeftes van die enkel-tweeling wat tweelingverlies hanteer, te verstaan. Die tweede verwagte uitkoms was om by te dra tot kennis oor tweelingverlies en rou by die enkel-tweeling. Die bevindinge toon aan dat vier onverwagse temas vanuit die studie na vore gekom het, naamlik geheimhouding rakende die bestaan van ‘n mede- tweeling, voel soos ‘n aangenome kind, die kwessie van geloof as prominente faktor in die genesingsproses en die tweeling identiteit wat behou wil word. Riglyne is aan opvoedkundige sielkundiges gegee om hul toe te rus om die enkel-tweeling se verlies en rou te verstaan. ‘n Bydrae ten opsigte van kennis oor tweelingverlies en rou by enkel-tweelinge is gemaak. / The purpose of this study was to determine how adult twinless twins experience life following the loss of their co-twin. A qualitative empirical investigation was conducted in order to establish the needs of twinless twins in dealing with twin loss and the bereavement process. Literature indicates that ineffective coping mechanisms used in the loss of a twin, could result in emotional, cognitive, identity, relationship and behavioural issues. The literature further indicates that there are eight themes which determine whether these problems will culminate during the life of the twinless twin. These eight themes are: the effect of parental attitude, negative aspects of being part of a twin, feelings of guilt, polarisation, the twin connection, mitigating circumstances and the effect of loss on the relationship with others. The study followed a multiple case study research design with a narrative analytical approach. Eight participants completed a self-structured questionnaire. Thereafter semi-structured interviews were conducted to further explore themes related to the questionnaire. A follow-up in-depth interview was conducted with each participant one month later during which they described their experiences of being a twinless twin. The first anticipated outcome was an understanding of the needs of a twinless twin in dealing with loss of his or her twin. The second expected outcome was to add to the body of knowledge about twin loss and bereavement in twinless twins. The findings show that four unexpected themes emerged from the study, namely: secrecy regarding the existence of a co-twin; feeling like an adopted child; the issue of faith as a prominent factor in the healing process, and maintaining a twin identity. Guidelines are given to equip educational psychologists to understand twin loss and bereavement in twinless twins. The study contributed towards knowledge of twin loss and bereavement in twinless twins. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)