Il y a plusieurs facteurs de risque reconnus de lombalgies. Les tâches de manutention ainsi que les chargements cumulés au dos font partis de ces facteurs de risque. Cette étude vise à déterminer si l’expertise à un impact sur le chargement cumulé sur L5/S1 lors de deux tâches de manutention. Il est supposé que les travailleurs expérimentés ont un chargement cumulé moindre que les travailleurs novices. Elle vise également à vérifier l’impact du chargement cumulé sur L5/S1 d'une cadence imposée lors de la première tâche et de la configuration du lieu de travail lors de la 2e tâche. Pour ces objectifs, il est supposé que la cadence imposée apportera un chargement cumulé moins élevé que la cadence libre et qu'il n'y aura pas de différence entre les configurations. Finalement, le dernier objectif est de déterminer le nombre de cycles de manutention minimal nécessaire pour faire une extrapolation des chargements cumulés qui n'aura pas de différence significative lorsque comparé au nombre total de cycles effectués. Il est supposé que l’utilisation d'un nombre restreint de cycles de manutention devrait permettre d'extrapoler les données avec un faible taux d’erreur, mais qu’il en faudra plus de quatre étant donné la variabilité des tâches à accomplir. Quinze manutentionnaires expérimentés et 15 novices ont participé à l’étude. Les participants devaient effectuer deux tâches. La première était une tâche de palettisation où les participants devaient faire des aller-retour à cadences libre et imposée de 24 boîtes d'une palette, vers une autre, pour un total de 96 boîtes considérées. La deuxième tâche était un transfert aller-retour de quatre boîtes d'un convoyeur vers un diable. Soixante-quatre transferts sont faits dans chacune des deux configurations, soit 90° et 180°, pour un total de 128 boîtes déplacées. Un système optoélectronique, une plate-forme de force et un modèle de dynamique inverse ont été utilisés pour estimer les moments de force résultants et asymétriques en L5/S1. L'intégrale des moments a servi à déterminer le chargement cumulé. Des analyses de variance à mesures répétées ont été effectuées afin de déterminer s’il y a des effets d'expertise, de cadence et de configuration. Des tests T ont été effectuées pour comparer les méthodes simplifiées aux standards de comparaison. Un seuil alpha de 0,05 a été utilisé pour tous les tests statistiques. Il n’y a pas d'effet d'expertise sur les moments de force résultants, et ce, pour les deux tâches effectuées, mais les manutentionnaires expérimentés ont des moments de force asymétriques cumulés significativement moins élevés que les manutentionnaires novices lors de la première tâche. La cadence est un facteur déterminant dans le calcul du chargement cumulé. Les moments de force résultants et asymétriques sont moins élevés lors de la cadence imposée plus rapidement que lors de la cadence libre, et ce peu importe l’expertise des manutentionnaires. Aussi, le fait de déplacer des boîtes à 90° donnent des chargements cumulés plus petits qu’à 180°. Les estimations des méthodes simplifiées varient en fonction des différentes conditions observées (cadence, configuration, expertise). Toutefois, les coefficients de variation (COV) de presque toutes les méthodes étudiés sont inférieurs à 10%, ce qui signifie que les résultats seraient semblables à ceux obtenus dans cette étude si la même expérimentation était refaite dans les mêmes conditions. En conclusion, l’expertise ne semble pas être une facteur déterminant qui influence le chargement cumulé, mais la cadence de travail, la configuration de l’espace de travail et le type de transferts effectués semblent en être. Il s'agit de la première étude biomécanique considérant un si grand nombre de transferts de boîtes pour déterminer le nombre minimal de cycles de manutention nécessaire à une extrapolation fiable des chargements cumulés. Pour le moment, la meilleure solution demeure de considérer tous les transferts dans le calcul des chargements cumulés. De plus, le fait de ne pas considérer les périodes où aucune charge n’est supportée par le manutentionnaire, c'est-à-dire les moments où le manutentionnaire n'a pas de boîte dans les mains, sous-estiment de près de 20% les chargements cumulés.

With a growing development of technologies and the fact that many companies implements online services, an interruption in such service could cause problems for any kind of user by exploiting the vulnerabilities in these systems. The Swedish Armed Forces (SwAF) indicates that the development of the defensive ability must continue, since the vulnerability of the cyberenvironment becomes a greater interest for adversaries. A denial of service can create panic by e.g. force resources to look into the ongoing attack minimizing the awareness of the protection of other systems. Known attacking tools and statistics are presented in this thesis, but the scope is to generate a framework. The main aim is to look into the Swedish government authorities and give an insight of how a possible path for an increased resilience against a modern distributed denial of service attack could be and at the same time expand the knowledge and give a base for developing more secure systems. This thesis consists of a survey and simulations of network traffic behaviors in order to categorize and give a framework for a small, middle and large sized authority. The result shows that a small sized authority has a risk of 47% in not being able to survive an attack, while a middle sized authority only would have 17% as dangerous risk, since that is the risk of having attacks exceeding 60 Gbit/s. A large sized authority is defined by having a capacity of 100 Gbit/s. Therefore, an increased resilience is by exceeding 60 Gbit/s showing that 60% of the authorities within this thesis are prepared against a modern distributed denial of service attack. If an attack succeeds, the authorities are at greater risk to not be able to communicate externally and reach out to the society as impact. / Med en snabb teknikutveckling och det faktum att många företag genomför online-tjänster, kan ett avbrott i en sådan tjänst orsaka problem för alla typer av användare genom att utnyttja sårbarheter i dessa system. Försvarsmakten antyder att utvecklingen av den defensiva förmågan måste fortsätta, eftersom sårbarheten i cybermiljön blir ett större intresse för motståndare. En överbelastningsattack kan skapa panik genom att t.ex. tvinga resurser att undersöka en pågående attack vilket minimerar medvetenheten för skydd av andra system. Kända attackverktyg och statistik presenteras i denna studie men avgränsningen är att skapa ett ramverk. Det främsta syftet är att undersöka svenska myndigheter och ge en mall för en ökad motståndskraft mot överbelastningsattacker och att även öka kunskapen och ge en bas för att utveckla säkrare system. Studien består av en enkätundersökning och simuleringar om beteendet av nätverkstrafik för att kategorisera och ge en ram för en liten, medel och stor myndighet. Resultatet av denna studie visar att en liten myndighet har en risk på 47% att inte överleva en attack, medan en medelstor myndighet endast skulle ha en risk på 17% att inte överleva, eftersom det är risken för attacker som överstiger 60 Gbit/s. En stor myndighet definieras genom att ha en kapacitet på 100 Gbit/s. Ett ökat motstånd är därmed en kapacitet på över 60 Gbit/s som visar att 60% av myndigheterna inom denna studie är förberedda inför en överbelastningsattack. Om en attack lyckas, löper myndigheterna större risk att inte kunna kommunicera externt och nå ut till samhället som påverkan.

An analysis of Manhattan Transfer yields one very formidable conclusion: it is an extraordinarily contrived work of fiction that is a work of art. The novel is extraordinary because nothing quite like it had ever been done before in American literature; contrived, because it is a carefully wrought, deliberated piece of fiction. Thus Manhattan Transfer is an experimental novel in the best sense of the word. It is not the result of any kind of "spontaneous combustion," in which the author was the mere instrument to guide the pen while wrapt in the ecstatic warblings of the muse.Dos Passos believed that he had to find a form that would capture the hum and throb, the agony and the ecstasy of the modern metropolis. He wanted to represent its kaleidoscopic variety, its noise and confusion, and, above all, he wanted to show how modern man is responsible for projecting the monster in his own soul. The monster in Manhattan Transfer is New York City, conceived and built in the image of power and success. The city is a tribute to man's genius;it is also a tribute to his greed. In his desire to succeed at all costs, man has created a labyrinthine technology that he does not understand. Man finds himself going through revolving doors endlessly, finally to the point where he himself is fed through the huge modern machines, like a tapeworm devoid of any direction and sensibility.Moreover Manhattan Transfer is an altogether American novel, because it deals with the phenomenon of the mushrooming American technology with its focus on a huge metropolis. Furthermore, because it is such an innovative novel in terms of traditional fiction, it is clearly in the American stream of literature. It points both forward and backward. It takes as its departure Whitman's tremendous achievements in language experimentation. In his essay in The New Republic (October 14, 1916), Doe Passos proded future practitioners in American literature to experiment, to look back at Walt Whitman and renew his spirit of genuine individualism and gusto. He reminded American writers to look within themselves and create forms that would speak for the times that were flexible and adaptable enough to capture the American spirit. He reprimanded those writers who would follow in the European traditions of the novel without questioning their relationship to the wholly new American experience.One need not have read much Whitman to remember that he called his Leaves of Grass, in the final analysis, a "language experiment." And one need not have read far into ManhattanTransfer to realize that it is also a language experiment. Doe Passos adores language; he is intrigued by its endless manipulatability.Manhattan Transfer is also an enviable source of important knowledge about New York City during the first two decades of the twentieth century. What was it like to live there prior to the first world war? What were the peculiar anxieties, hopes, and dreams, of the people who lived there when it was growing so rapidly into the complex metropolitan center it is today? Almost on every page one can both feel and sense the emerging bigness. The city was becoming cosmopolitan, chaotic, dazzling, and needless to say, frustratingly awesome.

Thèse (M.Sc.)--Université Laval, 2005. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 13 févr. 2008). Bibliogr.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1981. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 234-240).

Doutor -- Escola Nacional de Saude Publica, Rio de Janeiro, 2001.

Orientador: Trajano P. da Nóbrega Neto / Banca: André Luiz Flores / Banca: José Othon Dantas Lopes / Resumo: O objetivo principal deste trabalho é estudar a densidade de centro de reticulados obtidos por meio do Método de Minkowski em subcorpos de Q(?pq), com p e q primos ímpares distintos e satisfazendo a condição oq(p) = op(q) = 1 (mod 2). O cálculo da densidade de centro é feito a partir do discriminante do corpo, da norma do ideal e da minimização da forma traço. / Abstract: This work aims at studying the center density of the lattices got through the Minkowski's Method in subfields of Q(?pq), p and q prime number and oq(p) = op(q) = 1 (mod 2). The calcule of the center density is done using the discriminant of the field, the norm of the ideal and the minimization of trace form. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mota_dp_me_mar.pdf: 403956 bytes, checksum: bc5c9fe9a63f1d20c8baf0c291b2df11 (MD5) / O trabalho analisa o desenvolvimento do projeto cutista que visa instituir um modelo de sindicato orgânico, projeto que ganhou impulso na Proposta de Reforma Sindical enviada ao Congresso Nacional pelo Governo Lula após discussões que saíram do Fórum Nacional do Trabalho (FNT), espaço tripartite criado para discutir alterações na estrutura sindical e legislação trabalhista brasileiras. Articulou-se com a hipótese de que, por meio do citado projeto, a Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT) acabaria por aprofundar uma pratica sindical defensiva, eis que ao restringir sua atuação às questões afetas ao interior do processo de produção de mercadorias, evidenciaria seus limites e dificuldades na constituição de um sindicalismo classista, privilegiando um consenso cupulista em detrimento da conscientização dos trabalhadores pela base. Pretende-se demonstrar, seja analisando os debates travados durante seus Congressos, ou ainda os resultados obtidos durante o Fórum Nacional do Trabalho, que a CUT afastou-se das principais determinações colocadas pelo capital em face da classe trabalhadora; preferiu, propor alterações na estrutura sindical que distanciariam, ainda mais, o chão de fabrica do aparelho sindical, abrindo as portas para a flexibilização da legislação trabalhista e dificultando, por conseqüência, a participação da base no processo de intervenção política com vistas a sua própria emancipação.

Submitted by HIGOR OLIVEIRA SILVA null (higorvet@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-23T13:29:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Higor_Oliveira_Silva.pdf: 2585609 bytes, checksum: f7380b9bd4a69998d296fdd0384e86ac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Karina Gimenes Fernandes null (karinagi@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-01-23T18:09:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ho_dr_jabo.pdf: 2459664 bytes, checksum: 55461471311714a1bfac96d61b706281 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T18:09:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ho_dr_jabo.pdf: 2459664 bytes, checksum: 55461471311714a1bfac96d61b706281 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-08 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / As espécies do grupo do Bacillus cereus são comumente ocorrentes na cadeia produtiva de leite e derivados e frequentemente estão envolvidas em doenças transmitidas por alimentos. Constituem uma preocupação constante à indústria de lácteos, por conta de sua capacidade de formar biofilmes em superfícies sólidas, ocasionando a contaminação persistente dos produtos processados e representando risco à saúde pública. Objetivou-se neste estudo verificar a distribuição e ocorrência de linhagens e genes específicos relacionados à formação de biofilmes de Bacillus cereus isolados dos diversos estágios da cadeia produtiva de leite e produtos lácteos, classifica-los quanto à potencialcialidade em formar biofilmes, e ainda, avaliar a atuação e eficiência do ácido peracético e do hipoclorito de sódio junto ao sistema “clean in place”, simulado em escala piloto, sobre biofilmes formados em superfícies de aço inoxidável em contato com o leite. Para tanto, foram isolados microrganismos do grupo do Bacillus cereus de propriedades leiteiras, industrias e produtos lácteos, identificados genes específicos (sipW, tasA, Spo0A e PlcR) por sequenciamento genômico e avaliada a capacidade de formar biofilmes em microplacas de poliestireno. Selecionou-se um isolado sabidamente produtor de biofilmes, e por meio de contaminação experimental, induziu-se a adesão em superfícies de cupóns de aço inoxidável, em três circunstâncias distintas, incluindo contaminação por esporos, células vegetativas, e contaminação seguida de pasteurização. Na sequencia, os cupons foram submetidos a ação do ácido peracético e do hipoclorito de sódio, aplicando-os no sistema “clean in place”, realizado em escala piloto. Dentre 69 isolados, 98,5% foram classificados como moderados produtores de biofilmes. Os isolados pertencem aos grupos filogenéticos II, III, IV, V e VI, e os genes em estudo apresentaram alta ocorrência entre os isolados, estando igualmente distribuídos ao longo de toda cadeia produtiva, inclusive nos produtos lácteos. A adesão dos microrganismos às superfícies dos cupons alcançou 6,3x105 a 3,1x107UFC/cm2, resultando entre 3,0x104 e 8,1x106UFC/cm2 ao final do processo de sanitização. Os resultados demonstraram que o controle de biofilmes é fundamental e igualmente importante nos diversos estágios da cadeia produtiva, mas especialmente nas operações de obtenção de leite, por possibilitar a redução da carga contaminante inicial e consequentemente promoção da segurança dos alimentos, já que uma vez instalados, estes microrganismos podem formar biofilmes e disserminar-se pela linha de processamento. A ação do ácido peracético e do hipoclorito de sódio demostraram desempenhos semelhantes nas 3 circunstâncias estudadas, mas não foram suficientemente eficazes nas condições do presente estudo, quando usados no sistema “Clean in place” para a remoção de B. cereus s.s. aderidos a superfícies de aço inoxidável do tipo AISI 304 submersas em leite. / Species included in B. cereus group are widely distributed in dairy environment and were frequently involved in foodborne diseases. They are considered as a concern for dairy industries despite they pose a risk for public health, also despite the able to biofilm formation on stainless steel surfaces, causing the persistent contamination of processed dairy products. This study aimed to investigate if specific strains and genes for biofilm formation are significantly distributed and overpresented in distinct stages of dairy production chain, classifies the potential for biofilm formation, and evaluate the performance and efficiency of peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite, on a pilot scale simulated clean in place, on biofilms in the stainless steel surfaces in contact with milk. Bacillus cereus microorganisms from dairy farms, industries and dairy products were identified, specific genes (sipW, tasA, Spo0A and PlcR) were identified by genomic sequencing and to form biofilms was performed using polystyrene microplates. Was selected one isolate known to produce biofilms, and by means of experimental contamination, adhesion was induced on stainless steel coupon surfaces, in three different circumstances, including spore contamination, vegetative cells, and contamination followed by pasteurization. In the sequence, the coupons were subjected to the action of peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite, applying them to the clean in place system, performed on a pilot scale. Among 69 isolates, 98.5% were classified as moderate biofilm producers. The isolates belong to phylogenetic groups II, III, IV, V and VI, and a high prevalence of genes was shown, which were well distributed to dairy production chain including dairy products. The adhesion of the microorganisms to the surfaces of the coupons reached 6.3x105 to 3.1x107CFU/cm2, resulting between 3.0x104 and 8.1x106CFU/cm2 at the end of the sanitization process. The results showed that the control of biofilms is fundamental and equally important in the various stages of the production chain, but especially in the operations of obtaining milk, by enabling the reduction of the initial contaminant load and consequently promotion of food safety, since once installed, these microorganisms can form biofilms and assay themselves through the processing line. The peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite were similar performance, but were not sufficiently effective to control biofilms on conditions of this study, when used on a "clean in place" for the removal of B. cereus s.s. adhered to stainless steel surfaces of type AISI 304 submerged in milk. / Processo FAPESP: 2015/20874-0. Processo CNPq: 2014/166512-1

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:21:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_jrp_dr_botfca.pdf: 429305 bytes, checksum: 8cf1d47e0122a3817bd07c9c9106a25b (MD5) / O trabalho objetivou avaliar as alterações nas propriedades químicas do solo, no desenvolvimento e produção do milho (Zea mays L.) sob cultivo convencional e semeadura direta em função da aplicação de calcário dolomítico com diferentes granulometrias e doses. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Botucatu, no período de 1999 a 2002, em um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com parcelas subsubdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por dois sistemas de cultivo: convencional (CC) e semeadura direta (SD); as subparcelas foram estabelecidas pela aplicação de calcário dolomítico com duas granulometrias: fino, com PRNT de 95%, e grosso, com PRNT de 56%; as subsubparcelas foram estabelecidas pela aplicação de três doses de calcário definidas em função da dose para elevar a saturação de bases a 70%: dose recomendada (DR), 1/3 de DR e 2/3 de DR. Os resultados evidenciaram alterações nas propriedades químicas do solo, com aumento de pH, Ca e Mg trocáveis, soma de bases, CTC, V% e redução da acidez potencial, no SD, até 10cm de profundidade, com diferenças significativas em relação ao CC até 36 meses após a aplicação do calcário. Nas maiores profundidades, 10-20 e 20-40 cm, houve uma inversão, e os efeitos na neutralização da acidez do solo foram mais pronunciados no CC que no SD. O calcário com PRNT de 95% proporcionou melhor neutralização da acidez do solo em relação ao calcário com PRNT de 56%, até 10 cm de profundidade. Na camada 20 a 40cm, os níveis de matéria orgânica foram mais elevados no CC que no SD, 12 meses após aplicação do calcário. Neste mesmo período, o calcário fino apresentou melhor efeito que o calcário grosso sobre o teor de matéria orgânica na camada 5 a 10cm... / This experiment was carried out on a Red Distroferric Latossol (Oxisol) at Botucatu, SP, Brazil, from 1999 to 2002, with the aim to evaluate the changes in the soil chemical characteristics, development and yield of corn under notillage and conventional tillage system as a function of granulometric fraction and rates of dolomite lime. A randomized block design was used, with four replications, in the split- split - plot design. In the main plots, two tillage systems were applied: no- tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT); subplots were constituted by two granulometric fractions of lime: fine, with PRNT (Relative Power of Total Neutralization)=56%, and thick, with PRNT=95%; subsubplots were defined as function of amount calculated to increase the soil base saturation (V%) to 70%: CA(calculated amount); 1/3 CA; 2/3 CA. The results have shown changes in the soil chemical properties, with increases of pH, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, sum of bases, base saturation, CEC (cations exchange capacity) and reduction of potential acidity (H + Al), in NT, at 10 cm layer, with significative differences in relation to CT, 36 months after applied the lime. In the deeper layers (10-20cm and 20- 40cm), there was an inversion, and the effects observed in the neutralization of soil acidity were more pronounced in CT than NT. The lime with PRNT=95% provided better neutralization of soil acidity than lime with PRNT=56%, at the 10 cm layer. There was increase in the soil organic matter rates, in the 0- 5 cm layer, in both tillage systems, verified 12 months after applied the lime, followed by decrease at 24 and 36 months. In the 20- 40 cm layer, soil organic matter rates were higher in the CT than NT, 12 months after applied the lime. In this same period, the lime with PRNT=95% showed better effect than lime with PRNT=56% on the soil organic matter, in the 5-10 cm layer... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)