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This thesis asserts that the slave narratives are a significant resource for philosophers. Following Lewis Gordon, I argue that the slave narratives should not be understood merely as experiential evidence by which to validate Western thought. Instead, the narratives should be read as moments in which Black narrators shared their unique insights on the Western world. In line with Angela Davis, I argue that these critiques are still relevant to philosophers of this day and age. However, I argue that Davis' Marxist reading of Frederick Douglass' Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave is still vulnerable to Gordon's criticism. Using the narrative Olaudah Equiano, I demonstrate that by reading the slave narratives as expressing unique thoughts, philosophers can discover new resources to invigorate their philosophical inquiries.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, 2013. / Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2013-09-09T15:39:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_JoseFlavioBianchi.pdf: 1467434 bytes, checksum: e6e1df3067f8359f141d09106f3e5787 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2013-09-11T11:37:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_JoseFlavioBianchi.pdf: 1467434 bytes, checksum: e6e1df3067f8359f141d09106f3e5787 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-11T11:37:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_JoseFlavioBianchi.pdf: 1467434 bytes, checksum: e6e1df3067f8359f141d09106f3e5787 (MD5) / A presente dissertação trata da influência da teoria neoinstitucionalista de Douglass North no debate sobre direito e desenvolvimento no Brasil. Para este fim, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura que trata das teorias econômicas que fundamentaram o desenvolvimentismo e da teoria neoinstitucionalista de Douglas North. Por fim, foram analisados estudos realizados por juristas brasileiros relacionados ao tema. A dissertação é dividida em duas partes. A primeira parte, dividida em três capítulos, aborda as teorias com que economistas e juristas compreendem o desenvolvimento. No capítulo 1, analisamos o pensamento econômico do desenvolvimentismo brasileiro clássico, incluindo a análise de Celso Furtado e de Roberto Campos, bem como as teorias que servem de fundamento para o novo desenvolvimentismo, tais como Amartya Sen e Dani Rodrik. No capítulo 2, desenvolvemos o debate a respeito do “giro institucional” ocorrido com a incorporação das instituições no debate sobre desenvolvimento. Neste capítulo são expostas as principais considerações de Douglass North a respeito das instituições e da mudança institucional. O capítulo 3 trata do surgimento do novo desenvolvimentismo no cenário teórico e político, comparando-o com sua versão antiga. A segunda parte da dissertação, dividida em dois capítulos, tem foco na discussão sobre as relações entre direito e desenvolvimento. No capítulo 4, são expostas as principais posições a respeito do movimento “direito e desenvolvimento”, partindo de Max Weber até o New Law and Development. O capítulo 5 tem por objetivo analisar o debate sobre direito e desenvolvimento no Brasil a partir do estudo de alguns juristas selecionados. Ao final, pudemos concluir que é possível fazer aproximações entre a teoria neoinstitucionalista de Douglass C. North com as análises feitas por juristas brasileiros relacionados ao movimento “direito e desenvolvimento”. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The present dissertation analyzes the influence of the new institutionalism theory of Douglass North in the debate regarding law and development in Brazil. For this purpose, a review of the literature on the economic theories which are the basis of classic developmentalism and new institutionalism theory of Douglass North was performed. Finally, studies conducted by Brazilian jurists and related to the theme were analyzed. The dissertation is divided into two parts. The first part, divided into three chapters, deals with theories which economists and jurists understand as development. In chapter 1, we analyze the economic thinking of classic Brazilian developmentalism, including the analysis of Celso Furtado and Roberto Campos, as well as theories that may serve as basis for the new developmentalism, such as Amartya Sen and Dani Rodrik. In chapter 2, we develop the debate on the “institutional turn”, which took place with the incorporation of institutions in the development debate. In this chapter, the main considerations of Douglass North concerning institutions and institutional change are discussed. Chapter 3 depicts the rise of the new developmentalism in the political and theoretical landscapes, comparing it with its previous version. The second part of the dissertation, which has two chapters, focuses on the discussion about the relations between law and development. In chapter 4, the main considerations on the “law and development” movement are discussed, beginning with Max Weber until the New Law and Development. Chapter 5 aims at analyzing the debate on law and development in Brazil based on the study of some selected jurists. At the end, we conclude that it is possible to approximate the Northean theory and the studies conducted by Brazilian jurists related to the “law and development” movement.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This thesis explores Ralph Waldo Emerson’s philosophical becoming throughout decades of reflection and experience, particularly regarding death and slavery. Emerson was a buoyant writer and speaker, but the death of his five-year-old son and protégé, Waldo, challenged the father’s belief in Nature’s goodness and the reality of maintaining a tenaciously optimistic outlook. As he was grieving in the mid-1840s, slavery was threatening the Union, and Emerson was compelled to turn his attention to the subject of human bondage. He began his career indifferent to the plight of slaves, but as legislation about the issue brought it closer to his personal sphere, he was gradually yet firmly gripped by the tragedy of human bondage. These simultaneously existing spheres of sorrow – Waldo’s death and slavery – joined in refining Emerson’s personal philosophy toward greater utilitarian and humanitarian conduct. His letters, journals, essays, and lectures reflect the inward changes caused by outward events, and the conclusions herein are supported by modern grief studies as well as numerous philosophers, literary specialists, and historians.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)

Análise dos dez Estudos para violão de Radamés Gnattali com ênfase no aspecto harmônico, utilizando as ferramentas analíticas desenvolvidas no século XX para tratar de procedimentos harmônicos não-tradicionais. Tem como objetivo compreender as estruturas sonoras, salientando questões como movimento harmônico, prolongamento harmônico e melódico, sonoridades octatônicas e de tons inteiros e forma. / Analysis of the ten Studies for guitar by Radamés Gnattali, emphasizing the harmonic aspect, using the analytical tools developed in the 20th century to treat non-traditional harmonic procedures. The objective is to understand the sound structures, highlighting issues such as harmonic movement, harmonic and melodic prolongation, octatonic and whole tone sonorities, and form.

Análise dos dez Estudos para violão de Radamés Gnattali com ênfase no aspecto harmônico, utilizando as ferramentas analíticas desenvolvidas no século XX para tratar de procedimentos harmônicos não-tradicionais. Tem como objetivo compreender as estruturas sonoras, salientando questões como movimento harmônico, prolongamento harmônico e melódico, sonoridades octatônicas e de tons inteiros e forma. / Analysis of the ten Studies for guitar by Radamés Gnattali, emphasizing the harmonic aspect, using the analytical tools developed in the 20th century to treat non-traditional harmonic procedures. The objective is to understand the sound structures, highlighting issues such as harmonic movement, harmonic and melodic prolongation, octatonic and whole tone sonorities, and form.

Slave narratives influenced nineteenth-century American religious culture and history; through the slave narrative, modern readers experience the African-American struggle for freedom and personhood in the antebellum South. While the slave narrative stimulated identity- formation, once identity was formed a narrator fought for authority and control of that identity throughout their narrative. This struggle for control is present in the narratives of Frederick Douglass and Nat Turner. Due to each slave’s religious allusions, African-American literary scholars repeatedly link Douglass and Turner to biblical books such as Jonah and Ezekiel. However, this thesis will examine Frederick Douglass’s Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American slave, Written by Himself, and Thomas R. Gray’s The Confessions of Nat Turner through the lens of the Book of Job. By examining Douglass’s and Turner’s pursuit of knowledge through correlations within the Book of Job, both scriptural authority and authenticity emerges within each narrative.

Prophet Muhammad stated, “A white has no superiority over black nor a black has any superiority over white except by piety and good action.” Because of the continual idea of race as a social construct, this study examines the memoirs of Douglass, Jacobs and Malcolm X, as it relates to the narrative of self and identity. They have written their personal autobiographies utilizing diction as a tool that develops their art of storytelling about their distinct life journeys. These protagonists utilize their autobiographical experiences to construct a generational transference of race and identity from when Douglass was born in 1818, to Jacob’s escape to freedom in 1838 to the assassination of Malcolm X in 1965. Historically, the texts are written from where slavery was still an institution until it was abolished in 1865, proceeding through to the Civil Rights movement. Frederick Douglass, Harriet Jacobs and Malcolm X will experience racial trauma throughout their personal narratives that were life-altering events that severely influenced them as they matured from adolescence to adulthood. The writer has determined that, “Racial trauma can be chracterized as being physically and or psychologically damaged because of one’s race or skin color that permanently has long lasting negative effects on an individual’s thoughts, behavior or emotions,” i.e., African American victims of police brutality are racially traumatized because they suffer with behavioral problems and stress, after their encounters. This case study is based on the definition of race as a social construct for Douglass, Jacobs and Malcolm X’s narratives that learn to self-identify beyond the restrictions of racial discrimination which eventually manifests into white oppression in a world that does not readily embrace them. Their autobiographies provide self-reflection and a broad comprehension about how and why they were entrenched by race. Douglass, Jacobs and Malcolm X were stereotyped, socially segregated, and internalized awareness of despair because of their race. Conclusions drawn from Frederick Douglass-Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: American Slave, Harriet Jacobs-Incidences of a Slave Girl, and Malcolm X’s- Autobiography of Malcolm X will exemplify the subject of African American narrators countering racism and maneuvering in society.

Published in November 1877, Black Beauty is one of the most popular and enduring works of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The book, in which the eponymous narrator relates his life's story, sold well following its publication in England and in the United States; by 1985, sales were estimated at over forty million. While usually regarded as entertaining, Black Beauty has a strong crusading purpose: Anna Sewell herself said she wrote to improve the treatment of horses. This study springs from an intuitive notion. While reading the 1845 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, I could not shake a "curiously different sense of familiarity" that took me home to my well-worn copy of Black Beauty. The more I explored a relationship between Douglass's Narrative and Black Beauty, the more apparent it became that these two works were interrelated in ways that had yet to be explored in critical literature. Although comparisons between animals and slaves have long been made-slaves themselves recognized and used such comparisons-the relationship between animal autobiography and the slave narrative has only recently been recognized. In 1994 Moira Ferguson sketched several commonalities between the two genres. In 2003 Tess Cosslett made an explicit-if brief-comparison of the animal autobiography and the slave narrative, a comparison developed in depth in her 2006 study Talking Animals in British Children's Literature 1786-1914. This thesis investigates that relationship further. It begins by briefly reviewing generic criticism, moves to a consideration of the various genres into which critics have placed Black Beauty, and then examines the text as a slave narrative, focusing upon James Olney's 1985 discussion of the conventions of the slave narrative. Finally, it considers Elizabeth W. Bruss's study of autobiographical acts as a literary genre for additional areas that establish my original "sense of familiarity." In short, this thesis confirms Black Beauty's rhetorical, formal, thematic, and social power within the genre of the American antebellum slave narrative.