This thesis is in two sections. The first critically examines the tradition of harmonia mundi. The earliest complete and developed account of musica mundana appears in Plato, but numerous fragmented references appear in the pre-Socratic sources. The notion that harmonia mundi originated as an idea of quantitative speeds and distances of the celestial bodies, is discredited. Rather, it is shown that it more probably originates as an expression of an 'esoteric spiritual' teaching in which self-knowledge, death, the concept of harmonia, and consequently music, are related. The idea that the greatest importance of music rests on the relationship of music and emotion, is undermined in this context, and the relationship of music, emotion and experience is examined in a way that supports much of what was asserted by Hanslick in the nineteenth century. The interpretation of ancient sources is critically assessed in terms of common 'hermeneutic filters' which are shown to be inconsistent with the content and hence context of some of the sources. It is also argued that Plato should be approached not merely through the assessment of the arguments that appear in his discourses, but in the light of his portrayal of the life and death of Socrates. The discourses are treated as inexact, exoteric expressions of esoteric meaning, much of which can be gleaned from the 'symbol' and example of Socrates' own life and death. The second section presents an original music philosophy that is an entirely contemporary exposition of the essential meaning of the harmony of the spheres tradition, as interpreted in the first section. In this contemporary exposition, some of the ideas that appear in Plato concerning the relationship of soul, world and harmonia, are re-expressed in terms of self, world, and an original contemporary 'parable' for harmonia. The background to the ancient tradition, of the macrocosm-microcosm relationship, is brought into contemporary terms, drawing critically on some ideas of the quantum physicist David Bohm, and questions raised by quantum theory in general. Finally, the nature of the macrocosm-microcosm is related to parts of Wittgenstein 's Tractatus logico-philosophicus.

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O trabalho estabelece um diálogo entre a obra do pintor e poeta Ismael Nery e a primeira fase da obra do poeta Murilo Mendes (1930-1945). Os autores têm uma poética aproximada e suas obras foram enfocadas a partir dos aspectos a seguir: catolicismo, surrealismo, filosofia antiga, escolástica, equilíbrio e harmonia. Inicialmente, apresentou-se a figura de Ismael Nery a partir da fala de Murilo Mendes e Adalgisa Nery, esposa do artista. A idéia foi levantar as questões centrais que permearam a convivência dos dois amigos. Em seguida, foi apresentada a obra de Ismael Nery e suas fases cubista, expressionista e surrealista. Tratou-se também da poesia escrita nos últimos anos de vida do pintor. Murilo Mendes foi abordado no capítulo três, de sua obra foram delineados aspectos ligados à espiritualidade, à pintura, ao humor, ao surrealismo e à figura da mulher. A última parte do trabalho estabelece, mais diretamente, a intermediação entre a obra dos dois autores. Nela, são abordados alguns dos aspectos que, segundo Murilo Mendes, o levaram a se tornar poeta e Ismael é apontado como um deles. Nesta última parte, são colocados, lado a lado, quadros, desenhos e poemas dos autores e estabeleceu-se entre eles inúmeras associações a partir das quais foi possível observar a riqueza de possibilidades que pode propiciar o estudo comparado dos dois autores. / This thesis traces the dialogue between the work of the painter and poet Ismael Nery and the first phase of the work of the poet Murilo Mendes (1930-1945). Both authors have a similar poetics orbiting around the following issues: catholicism, surrealism, ancient philosophy, Scholastics, balance and harmony. In the first chapter, the figure of Ismael Nery was introduced paraphrasing Murilo Mendes and Adalgisa Nery, his wife. The idea was to figure out the underpinnings that permeated the convivence of both friends. In the following chapter, the cubist, expressionist and surrealist phases of the work of Ismael Nery were introduced as well as the written poetry of the last years of his life. In chapter 3, the aspects delineating the spirituality, the painting themes, humour and the figure of the woman in Murilo Mendess work were introduced. The last part of the thesis is concerned directly with the interweaving of the works of both authors. The three central features that according to Murilo Mendes enabled him to become a poet were highlighted. Ismael Nery is one of them. Pictures and poems of both authors were compared and innumerable associations emerged that enabled to uncover a mutual contribution between both.

O trabalho estabelece um diálogo entre a obra do pintor e poeta Ismael Nery e a primeira fase da obra do poeta Murilo Mendes (1930-1945). Os autores têm uma poética aproximada e suas obras foram enfocadas a partir dos aspectos a seguir: catolicismo, surrealismo, filosofia antiga, escolástica, equilíbrio e harmonia. Inicialmente, apresentou-se a figura de Ismael Nery a partir da fala de Murilo Mendes e Adalgisa Nery, esposa do artista. A idéia foi levantar as questões centrais que permearam a convivência dos dois amigos. Em seguida, foi apresentada a obra de Ismael Nery e suas fases cubista, expressionista e surrealista. Tratou-se também da poesia escrita nos últimos anos de vida do pintor. Murilo Mendes foi abordado no capítulo três, de sua obra foram delineados aspectos ligados à espiritualidade, à pintura, ao humor, ao surrealismo e à figura da mulher. A última parte do trabalho estabelece, mais diretamente, a intermediação entre a obra dos dois autores. Nela, são abordados alguns dos aspectos que, segundo Murilo Mendes, o levaram a se tornar poeta e Ismael é apontado como um deles. Nesta última parte, são colocados, lado a lado, quadros, desenhos e poemas dos autores e estabeleceu-se entre eles inúmeras associações a partir das quais foi possível observar a riqueza de possibilidades que pode propiciar o estudo comparado dos dois autores. / This thesis traces the dialogue between the work of the painter and poet Ismael Nery and the first phase of the work of the poet Murilo Mendes (1930-1945). Both authors have a similar poetics orbiting around the following issues: catholicism, surrealism, ancient philosophy, Scholastics, balance and harmony. In the first chapter, the figure of Ismael Nery was introduced paraphrasing Murilo Mendes and Adalgisa Nery, his wife. The idea was to figure out the underpinnings that permeated the convivence of both friends. In the following chapter, the cubist, expressionist and surrealist phases of the work of Ismael Nery were introduced as well as the written poetry of the last years of his life. In chapter 3, the aspects delineating the spirituality, the painting themes, humour and the figure of the woman in Murilo Mendess work were introduced. The last part of the thesis is concerned directly with the interweaving of the works of both authors. The three central features that according to Murilo Mendes enabled him to become a poet were highlighted. Ismael Nery is one of them. Pictures and poems of both authors were compared and innumerable associations emerged that enabled to uncover a mutual contribution between both.

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario. / Los coccinélidos (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) son insectos importantes por su capacidad y eficacia como controladores de plagas agrícolas. Dentro de ellos, Harmonia axryridis o chinita arlequín es una especie invasora proveniente de Asia que ha sido introducida intencional o accidentalmente en muchas partes del mundo. A pesar de su potencial como controlador biológico, ha causado gran revuelo a nivel mundial debido a que se ha transformado en una amenaza para la biodiversidad de otros insectos, especialmente otros coccinélidos, en los lugares en los que coloniza. Además, afecta al ser humano al hibernar en casas durante el invierno, causando daños estéticos y reacciones alérgicas por mordeduras. También produce daños en la agricultura al colonizar frutos blandos como la uva y afectar la calidad del vino y jugos. En Chile las primeras poblaciones silvestres se observaron el año 2003 y hoy ya han invadido gran parte del país. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la relación entre la abundancia de H. axyridis y la riqueza, diversidad y abundancia de coccinélidos nativos, exóticos y de áfidos, asociados a campos de alfalfa de la zona sur-poniente de la Región Metropolitana durante la época de otoño del año 2015. Los coccinélidos y áfidos fueron muestreados con trampas pegajosas ubicadas en 20 alfalfales (5 trampas por alfalfal), dejándolas actuar por dos semanas. Se colectaron 2143 coccinélidos de 14 especies, 6 exóticas y 8 nativas. Las más abundantes fueron Hippodamia variegata y H. axyridis. La abundancia de H. axyridis no se relacionó significativamente con la abundancia total de coccinélidos, ni con la de exóticos, ni en general con las características comunitarias del ensamble (i.e. riqueza de exóticas, equitabilidad total, de nativas o exóticas, diversidad de nativas y de exóticas). Contrario a lo esperado, la abundancia de H. axyridis se relacionó positiva y significativamente con la abundancia de coccinélidos nativos, la riqueza total, la riqueza de nativos y con la diversidad total. Además, se relacionó negativa y significativamente con H. variegata, confirmando lo encontrado en estudios anteriores. Harmonia axyridis presentó una relación positiva con la abundancia de áfidos presente en los alfalfales, demostrando que es una especie denso dependiente de sus presas extragremio. Además, la relación negativa observada entre las abundancias relativas de H. axyridis y H. variegata se asoció positiva y significativamente con la abundancia de áfidos. Estos resultados sugieren que H. axyridis no estaría ejerciendo el efecto depresor esperado en coccinélidos en plantaciones de alfalfa durante el otoño y que la abundancia de áfidos modularía la relación entre las dos especies exóticas más abundantes. Es necesario continuar con estudios a largo plazo para tener mayor claridad de si los resultados obtenidos en otoño en alfalfales se repiten en otras épocas del año y otros hábitats y así contar con mayores antecedentes a la hora de manejar esta invasión biológica. / Coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are important for their capacity and effectiveness as agricultural pest controllers. Among them, Harmonia axryridis or Harlequin ladybird is an invasive species from Asia that has been intentionally or accidentally introduced in several countries around the world. Despite its potential as a biological control agent, it has caused a worldwide negative impact because it has become a threat to biodiversity of other insects, especially other coccinellids, in places where H. axyridis has colonized. In addition, this species affects humans as a household pest during the winter, causing cosmetic damage and allergic reactions by bites, and also causes problems to agriculture damaging soft fruits, such as grapes, thus affecting the quality of wine. In Chile the first wild populations were observed in 2003 and today they have already invaded the majority of the country. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between H. axyridis abundance and the richness, diversity and abundance of native and exotic ladybird beetles and aphids in alfalfa fields in the south west of the Metropolitan Region during the autumn of 2015. Coccinellids and aphids were sampled with sticky traps located in 20 alfalfa fields (5 traps per field), leaving them deployed for two weeks. A total of 2143 coccinellids of 14 species (6 exotics and 8 natives), were collected. The most abundant were Hippodamia variegata and H. axyridis. The abundance of H. axyridis was not significantly related with most of the community characteristics of the coccinellids in general (i.e. exotic richness, total, native or exotic equitability, native and exotic diversity). Contrary to expectations, the abundance of H. axyridis was related positively and significantly with the abundance of native ladybirds, total richness, the native species richness and total diversity. In addition, there was a negative and significant relation with H. variegata, confirming what was found in previous studies. Harmonia axyridis had a positive relationship with the abundance of aphids present in the alfalfal fields, showing that the abundance of this coccinellid depends on the density of its prey. Furthermore, the negative relation observed between the relative abundances of H. axyridis and H. variegata was associated positively and significantly with the abundance of aphids. These results suggest that H. axyridis would not trigger the expected depression on the coccinellid population on alfalfa fields during autumn and that the aphid abundance modulates the relationship between the two most abundant exotic species. It is necessary to continue long-term studies to have clarity on whether the results obtained in alfalfa fields during the autumn repeat in other seasons and other habitats and thus, have more background when handling this biological invasion. / Financiamiento: Proyecto Fondecyt No. 1140662.

Harmonia na geometria de rodovias é a medida sobre o grau de concordância e compatibilidade entre os componentes da geometria da rodovia e o volume de solicitações físicas, ou à habilidade de motoristas. Esse trabalho expõe e discute resultados obtidos durante ações de uma tentativa para mostrar que informações sobre a qualidade de viagens obtidas através de notas fornecidas por avaliadores, levantamento de velocidade de veículos e dados sobre o formato de seções transversais podem ser úteis para o estudo e explicação de conceitos sobre a harmonia na geometria de rodovias vicinais. / Consistency on geometric design is a measure on the degree of concordance and compatibility among characteristics of components of the highway shape and the volume of physical or driver ability requirements. This work shows and discusses the results obtained during an attempt to show that information about the quality of travel obtained through scores from trained observers, vehicles velocities surveys and data from the shape of the highway sections should be useful to the study and explanations of concepts on the secondary highway consistency on geometric design.

Harmonia na geometria de rodovias é a medida sobre o grau de concordância e compatibilidade entre os componentes da geometria da rodovia e o volume de solicitações físicas, ou à habilidade de motoristas. Esse trabalho expõe e discute resultados obtidos durante ações de uma tentativa para mostrar que informações sobre a qualidade de viagens obtidas através de notas fornecidas por avaliadores, levantamento de velocidade de veículos e dados sobre o formato de seções transversais podem ser úteis para o estudo e explicação de conceitos sobre a harmonia na geometria de rodovias vicinais. / Consistency on geometric design is a measure on the degree of concordance and compatibility among characteristics of components of the highway shape and the volume of physical or driver ability requirements. This work shows and discusses the results obtained during an attempt to show that information about the quality of travel obtained through scores from trained observers, vehicles velocities surveys and data from the shape of the highway sections should be useful to the study and explanations of concepts on the secondary highway consistency on geometric design.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T22:43:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 236521.pdf: 561548 bytes, checksum: 0e22441a54d5977b239b8a5b6051f6de (MD5) / Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a maneira como os elementos que constituem a canção popular se articulam. A canção escolhida para a pesquisa é "O ciúme" de Caetano Veloso. Relações entre melodia e letra; relações entre harmonia tonal e presença de harmonia modal; características da obra de Caetano Veloso como presença de escalas modais e relações com outras canções; conceito de performance e arranjo como fundamentais para a construção da canção são abordados ao longo desse trabalho.

Dissertação (mestrado)–Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, 2010. / Submitted by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza (jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2011-04-10T18:04:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_GenildeCastroPachecoJunior.pdf: 13220822 bytes, checksum: 468dd11324dd81a1356fadcbd65fd3f5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza(jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2011-04-10T18:05:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_GenildeCastroPachecoJunior.pdf: 13220822 bytes, checksum: 468dd11324dd81a1356fadcbd65fd3f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-10T18:05:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_GenildeCastroPachecoJunior.pdf: 13220822 bytes, checksum: 468dd11324dd81a1356fadcbd65fd3f5 (MD5) / ste trabalho propõe-se a discutir a questão da ressignificação de acordes e linhas melódicas conhecida como pluralidade(s), a partir das perspectivas imbuídas em publicações teóricas relacionadas ao jazz, compreendendo ainda o papel desse conceito na prática e no processo criativo de instrumentistas. A questão da pluralidade é explorada na dissertação como fio condutor que estabelece um diálogo entre as perspectivas relativas à ressignificação encontradas na teoria, no âmbito do jazz e na tradição teórica da música erudita ocidental, em especial, na tradição austro germânica do século XIX, onde é encontrado o conceito Mehrdeutigkeit (significado(s) múltiplo(s)) que remete a uma mesma abordagem teórica. Qual o papel da ressignificação encerrada nos conceitos de pluralidade(s) e de significados múltiplos, na análise (teoria) e no processo criativo, relacionado, em especial, à harmonia, é a questão central norteadora da pesquisa. A pesquisa bibliográfica e a entrevista não dirigida foram os procedimentos metodológicos de exploração e inquirição utilizados neste trabalho. Foram também analisadas e sistematizadas, como base na teoria escala acorde, as ocorrências da pluralidade nos vários tipos de tétrades relacionadas às escalas maior, menor melódica, menor harmônica e maior harmônica e respectivos modos, bem como em acordes simétricos e formações por superposição de tríades, considerando as relações entre os aspectos horizontais e verticais. Os dados obtidos nesta pesquisa demonstram a relevância da pluralidade como importante ferramenta analítica, didática e criativa utilizada na compreensão e na criação musical. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This study discusses the ressignification of chords and melidodic line known as plurality from perspectives found in the realm of jazz textbooks. This work also delas with the relationship between the concepr of plurality works as a connecting thread stabling a dialogue between the perspectives of jazz theory and western traditional theory, particularly the Austro German tradition of the XIX century in which the concept of Mehrdeutingkeit (multiple meaning) is found pointing to a similar theoretical approach. The role of ressignification of melodic and harmonic structures subsumed in the concepts of plurality and multiple meaning in music theory and musical analysis and its relation to the crative process is the central focus of this research. The non-directive interview and bibliographic research were the methodological procedures used in this work for the analysis of the interviews and the exploration of ressignification of chords in jazz text books and books belonging to the Austro German theory tradition of the XIX century. Furthermore, the occurrences of plurality in four note chords related to different scales and modes, including symmetric structures and structures based in triadic superposition were all submitted to analysis and eventually systematized based on the relevance of plurality as an important tool in analyism learning, understanding and creating music.

La lutte biologique est souvent présentée comme une méthode de lutte contre les ravageurs respectueuse de l'environnement, même si la lutte par acclimatation (introduction d'une espèce exotique) peut être à l'origine d'invasion biologique. La coccinelle asiatique Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) a été utilisée comme agent de lutte biologique introduit en Amérique et en Europe pour lutter contre les pucerons. Actuellement, cette espèce est considérée comme envahissante, et a des impacts négatifs sur l'environnement. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'améliorer notre connaissance des processus évolutifs pouvant accompagner l'élevage en captivité, ainsi que ceux qui sont liés aux invasions biologiques. J'ai pour cela utilisé une approche expérimentale au travers d'études permettant de caractériser les différences de traits d'histoire de vie entre les trois compartiments populationnels d'H. axyridis (populations natives, envahissantes et de lutte biologique). Les résultats obtenus montrent que les changements évolutifs les plus importants concernent le compartiment de lutte biologique par rapport aux compartiments sauvages (natifs et envahissants). Ce compartiment a subi des changements phénotypiques remarquables en réponse aux conditions d'élevage en laboratoire. Les changements évolutifs les plus spectaculaires concernent différents traits liés à la reproduction. Par exemple, les femelles de lutte biologique se reproduisent plus tôt, ont une fécondité journalière plus élevée, ainsi qu'une longévité et une durée de vie reproductive plus courte. Nous avons également mis en évidence des changements évolutifs entre des populations sauvages natives et envahissantes. Les adaptations aux conditions d'élevage peuvent parfois être désavantageuses dans l'environnement naturel. Par exemple, la résistance au froid et aux pathogènes est moins importante que celle des populations sauvages. Nos résultats montrent aussi que, même si la souche de lutte biologique européenne est incapable de s'implanter dans la nature, l'hybridation avec les populations envahissantes américaines pourrait avoir jouer un rôle positif au cours de l'invasion en Europe. / Biological control is generally considered as an environmentally low-impact solution for pest control. However, the use of foreign control agents may ultimately lead to undesired biological invasions. The Asian harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was originally used as a biological control agent of aphids in North America and Europe. This species is now considered as invasive, and can have harmful effects on the environment. The main objective of this thesis is to better understand the impact of mass rearing on life-history traits, with a focus on traits that may be associated with invasion success. To do so, experimental approaches were carried out to monitor changes in life-history traits for three types of populations (biocontrol, native or invasive). The corresponding results indicate that the most important evolutionary changes occur in the biocontrol populations (by contrast with the invasive and native populations). Mass rearing appears to induce significant phenotypic changes in the biocontrol populations, with the most spectacular changes being related to reproductive life-history traits. For instance, biocontrol females reproduce significantly earlier, have a higher daily fecundity, but also exhibit lower life expectancy and lower reproductive lifespan. We also evidence other differences between the native and invasive populations. Cold tolerance and pathogen resistance are also lower in biocontrol populations than in wild populations. Altogether, our findings indicate that adaptations to mass rearing conditions may affect the fitness of H. axyridis populations in natural environments. This suggests that, even if the European biocontrol strain is unable to successfully colonize a natural environment, it may nonetheless impact the invasion dynamics of the species in Europe thanks to the admixture with the invasive American population