Malgré une surveillance constante exercée par les MNS, des noyades surviennent dans les PPAP. La thèse propose une analyse systémique et organisationnelle du risque de noyade dans ces équipements. Elle s'appuie sur une méthodologie qualitative plurielle : une analyse documentaire visant à quantifier le phénomène accidentel doublée de 9 entretiens d'experts (partie C), des observations de terrain menées dans 108 PPAP dans l'optique d'objectiver l'effectivité de la surveillance (partie D) et des entretiens semi-directifs afin de cerner les causes profondes des inadéquations : (n=27) à titre expérimental au sein d'une métropole du Grand-Ouest à l'occasion d'une mission d'expertise commanditée et (n=30) au sein de la communauté d'agglomération Caen la mer (partie E). Les résultats obtenus montrent que : 1) la production de données quantitatives sur la noyade en PPAP est entravée par un certain nombre de barrières faisant de cette question un « angle mort » de la connaissance ; 2) la surveillance exercée par les MNS est dégradée la moitié du temps d'observation et que 3) les arbitrages managériaux, la dynamique organisationnelle, mais aussi les représentations des acteurs interfèrent avec la fonction de surveillance, exerçant une influence sur sa réalisation et sa qualité. Les travaux mettent en évidence la coexistence et la redondance de boucles de rétroaction relativement efficaces mais peu coordonnées, articulées de manière contingente et inscrites dans différents registres. Aléatoire quant à son efficacité, la surveillance exercée par les MNS renvoie à une tâche difficile, fortement contrainte et de surcroît sujette à des formes plurielles d'adaptation. Ce travail montre que la gestion des risques dans ces équipements ainsi que les pratiques actuelles sont perfectibles. A ce propos, des recommandations à même d'optimiser la gestion des risques et la surveillance des bassins ont pu être formulées. Des actions préventives ont du reste été engagées (partie F) / Drownings occur in PSP (public swimming pool) despite lifeguard supervision.The thesis proposes a systemic and organizational analysis of the drowning risk in PSP based on a combined qualitative methodology : a documentary analysis aimed at quantifying the accidental phenomenon coupled with 9 expert interviews (part C), field observations conducted in 108 PSP in order to objectifying the effectiveness of supervision (part D) and semi-structured interviews to identify the root causes of mismatches : (n = 27) in experimental way for a Grand-Ouest metropolis within the framework of an expertise mission and (n = 30) within the Caen la mer community (part E). The results of the study show that : (1) the production of quantitative data on PSP drowning is hampered by several barriers that make this issue a “blind spot” of the knowledge ; 2) the supervision by lifeguard is degraded half of the observation time and 3) managerial arbitration, organizational dynamics, but also social representations of the actors interfere with the supervision function, exerting influence on its realization and quality. The work highlights the coexistence and redundancy of feedback loops that are relatively efficient but not coordinated, articulated in a contingent way and included into different registers. Monitoring by lifeguards, which is random about its effectiveness, refers to a difficult task, which is highly constrained and, moreover, subject to plural forms of adaptation. This work shows that the management of the drowning risks in these equipment and the current practices are perfectible. Moreover, recommendations were formulated to optimize risk management and pool supervision. Preventive action was also launched (Part F)

The benefits of the computed tomography in the forensic medicine Radiological imaging methods represent one of the complementary examination methods supplementing conventional autopsy in addition to histological, toxicological, biochemical, microbiological, and serological examination in forensic medicine. The basic and commonly available radiological imaging method in forensic practice is X-ray imaging. With the development of modern radiological imaging methods (especially computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance), these modern methods have been gradually applied to the field of forensic medicine. The rapid development of radiological imaging methods in recent years (especially computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance) has caused the gradual application of these modern methods in the field of forensic medicine. Post mortem CT (pmCT) examination is now a common part of forensic medicine in the most developed world countries (Switzerland, Denmark, Australia, Japan, Germany, Italy, France and others) and since 2015 this examination has been available at two departments of forensic medicine in the Czech Republic. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the benefits of pmCT examination in routine forensic practice in three comprehensive groups of individuals who died as a result of...

The aim of the thesis is to describe the role of the Water Rescue Service of the Czech Red Cross as a component of the Integrated Rescue System, and also to analyze and compare its activities with activities, skills and the material-technical equipment with other three randomly selected Water Rescue Services in Europe (Slovak Red Cross - Water Rescue Service, Irish Water Safety, The Royal Life Saving Society UK). One of the major benefits of the diploma thesis was a proposal how to improve the activities of the Water Rescue Service of the Czech Red Cross.

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This study examines the phenomenon of abusive violence (AV) in the context of the American Post-9/11 Counter-terrorism and Counter-insurgency campaigns. Previous research into atrocities by states and their agents has largely come from examinations of totalitarian regimes with well-developed torture and assassination institutions. The mechanisms influencing willingness to do harm have been examined in experimental studies of obedience to authority and the influences of deindividuation, dehumanization, context and system. This study used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to examine the lived experience of AV reported by fourteen American military and intelligence veterans. Participants were AV observers, objectors, or abusers. Subjects described why AV appeared sensible at the time, how methods of violence were selected, and what sense they made of their experiences after the fact. Accounts revealed the roles that frustration, fear, anger and mission pressure played to prompt acts of AV that ranged from the petty to heinous. Much of the AV was tied to a shift in mission view from macro strategic aims of CT and COIN to individual and small group survival. Routine hazing punishment soldiers received involving forced exercise and stress positions made similar acts inflicted on detainees unrecognizable as abusive. Overt and implied permissiveness from military superiors enabled AV extending to torture, and extra-judicial killings. Attempting to overcome feelings of vulnerability, powerlessness and rage, subjects enacted communal punishment through indiscriminate beatings and shooting. Participants committed AV to amuse themselves and humiliate their enemies; some killed detainees to force confessions from others, conceal misdeeds, and avoid routine paperwork. Participants realized that AV practices were unnecessary, counter-productive, and self-damaging. Several reduced or halted their AV as a result. The lived experience of AV left most respondents feeling guilt, shame, and inadequacy, whether they committed abuse or failed to stop it.