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In hydraulic pumps, typically in axial piston pumps, reduction of pressure and flow ripples was attempted by providing relief grooves and pre-compression for noise reduction. Pre-compression is normally achieved by using the dead space between pump ports in the valve plate. Also valve plate profile modification is required, if system operating conditions such as pump output pressure and flowrate change, to maintain optimum operating conditions for reduced pressure/flow ripple. An earlier simulation study confirmed effectiveness of varying dead centre position to reduce pressure and flow ripples. A specifically designed mechanism, outlined in the earlier work, achieves this goal by varying the dead centre position of the pump swash plate. This study reports on the findings of the effect of varying dead centre position and groove configurations on forces and moments acting on the swash plate for various operating conditions. The simulation model cited in the earlier work was used in this study. This information is vital for the design of an actuating mechanism to vary dead centre position of a pump valve plate. These simulations were run using MATLAB/Simulink and S-functions. Results of this study are promising.

Oil lubrication film plays an important role in analysis of dynamic behavior of the internal gear motors and pumps. During operation, the oil film is considered as the spring and damping system. Therefore, calculation of the dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients is necessary to build the mathematical model for studying of dynamic problem. In order to calculate these coefficients, the dynamic pressure and perturbing pressure distribution must be determined firstly. In this paper, the infinitesimal perturbation method (IFP) is used to calculate the dynamic pressure distribution. Based on that the dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients can be computed. The calculation results point out that the dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients are much dependent on the eccentricity ratio.

Wikipedia umschreibt die Topologieoptimierung als ein computerbasiertes Berechnungsverfahren, durch welches eine günstige Grundgestalt (Topologie) für Bauteile unter mechanischer Belastung ermittelt werden kann. Durch die Verwendung von 3D-Druck-Verfahren wird die Gestaltung der Komponenten revolutioniert, weil diese nicht mehr abhängig vom Fertigungsverfahren sind. Dabei werden auch optimale Gitterstrukturen innerhalb der Komponenten immer wichtiger. Diese neuen Herausforderungen können im Creo Umfeld mit ProTopCI (Hersteller CAESS, PTC Partner Advantage, Silver) elegant gelöst werden. Im Vortrag (mit Live-Demonstration) werden die neuen Möglichkeiten dieser innovativen Lösung beleuchtet: Modellerzeugung in Creo Simulate (FEM-Mode): - Verschiedene Lastfälle, - Kontakte, - Schraubenverbindungen, - CAD-Geometrie, - zu optimierende Bereiche, ... Technologische Randbedingungen zur Berücksichtigung des Fertigungsverfahren Innovatives Erzeugen/Optimieren der Gitterstrukturen Glätten, Exportieren der optimierten Geometrie

Durch den Einsatz des 3D-Drucks mit Beton kann die Produktivität auf der Baustelle enorm gesteigert, der gesamte Bauablauf optimiert und zugleich geometrische Freiheit ohne zusätzliche Kosten realisiert werden. Jedoch bevor der Beton-3D-Druck eine breite Anwendung finden kann, müssen einige Fragen in Bezug auf die Dauerhaftigkeit sowie die Gebrauchsfähigkeit gedruckter Betonelemente erforscht werden. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird die Problematik der Verformungen und Rissbildung bei gedruckten Betonelementen infolge des plastischen Schwindens beleuchtet. Außerdem werden geeignete Messverfahren für die Quantifizierung von gehindertem sowie ungehindertem plastischem Schwinden von gedrucktem Beton vorgestellt.

Angetrieben von vielversprechenden Effizienzsteigerungen wird der Beton-3D-Druck stetig weiterentwickelt. Um die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse niederschwellig in die Baupraxis zu überführen, empfehlen sich druckbare Betone im Rahmen des geltenden Regelwerks. Dabei stellt die Limitierung des Mehlkorngehalts eine Herausforderung dar. Um diese zu meistern, wird eine verallgemeinerbare, numerisch unterstützte Anwendung der Korngrößenverteilung nach Andreasen und Andersen als Basis für den Betonentwurf vorgeschlagen. Experimentelle Untersuchungen haben eine gute Verbaubarkeit und hinreichende Extrudierbarkeit eines Betons mit einem 16 mm Größtkorn und einem Mehlkorngehalt von 500 kg/m³ demonstriert.

Während die Zugfestigkeit im Fokus der Forschung am Werkstoff Carbonbeton steht, wurde die Tragfähigkeit des Materials unter Druck bisher kaum untersucht. Aufbauend auf ersten Erkenntnissen zur einaxialen Druckfestigkeit von Carbonbeton werden im Rahmen dieses Projekts scheibenförmige Prüfkörper aus Carbonbeton mit einer kombinierten Einwirkung aus Druck und zusätzlich wirkenden Querdruck- und Querzugbelastungen betrachtet. Dieser Beitrag stellt die ersten Ergebnisse der zweiaxialen Druckbelastungen vor und gibt einen Ausblick auf weiterführende Untersuchungen im Projekt.

Three-dimensional printing technologies exhibit tremendous potential in the advancing fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to the precise spatial control over depositing the biomaterial. Despite their widespread utilization and numerous advantages, the development of suitable novel biomaterials for extrusion-based 3D printing of scaffolds that support cell attachment, proliferation, and vascularization remains a challenge. Multi-material composite hydrogels present incredible potential in this field. Thus, in this work, a multi-material composite hydrogel with a promising formulation of chitosan/gelatin functionalized with egg white was developed, which provides good printability and shape fidelity. In addition, a series of comparative analyses of different crosslinking agents and processes based on tripolyphosphate (TPP), genipin (GP), and glutaraldehyde (GTA) were investigated and compared to select the ideal crosslinking strategy to enhance the physicochemical and biological properties of the fabricated scaffolds. All of the results indicate that the composite hydrogel and the resulting scaffolds utilizing TPP crosslinking have great potential in tissue engineering, especially for supporting neo-vessel growth into the scaffold and promoting angiogenesis within engineered tissues.

The article describes measurements of strains of concrete, steel and textile reinforcement with distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS). The technology of distributed strain measurements gains currently increasing attention within the civil engineering field and indeed the DFOS can be applied in various measurement scenarios providing results and insights which were not possible before. Within this article, the fibers and adhesives that are most commonly used are compared and several measurement scenarios and their results are described, including precise strain measurements with high resolution as well as measurements on large-scale specimens. Concrete strains were measured in a multiaxial compression stress state and also during setting and hardening and in flexural tests. Strains of the steel and textile reinforcement were monitored along the bond zone and also in flexural tests. Finally, cracking patterns were observed and compared with digital image correlation methods. Validated examples of applications of DFOS in laboratory work are described.

Background: Global and regional transpulmonary pressure (PL) during one-lung ventilation (OLV) is poorly characterized. We hypothesized that global and regional PL and driving PL (ΔPL) increase during protective low tidal volume OLV compared to two-lung ventilation (TLV), and vary with body position. Methods: In sixteen anesthetized juvenile pigs, intra-pleural pressure sensors were placed in ventral, dorsal, and caudal zones of the left hemithorax by video-assisted thoracoscopy. A right thoracotomy was performed and lipopolysaccharide administered intravenously to mimic the inflammatory response due to thoracic surgery. Animals were ventilated in a volume-controlled mode with a tidal volume (VT) of 6 mL kg⁻¹ during TLV and of 5 mL kg⁻¹ during OLV and a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cmH₂O. Global and local transpulmonary pressures were calculated. Lung instability was defined as end-expiratory PL<2.9 cmH₂O according to previous investigations. Variables were acquired during TLV (TLVsupine), left lung ventilation in supine (OLVsupine), semilateral (OLVsemilateral), lateral (OLVlateral) and prone (OLVprone) positions randomized according to Latin-square sequence. Effects of position were tested using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: End-expiratory PL and ΔPL were higher during OLVsupine than TLVsupine. During OLV, regional end-inspiratory PL and ΔPL did not differ significantly among body positions. Yet, end-expiratory PL was lower in semilateral (ventral: 4.8 ± 2.9 cmH₂O; caudal: 3.1 ± 2.6 cmH₂O) and lateral (ventral: 1.9 ± 3.3 cmH₂O; caudal: 2.7 ± 1.7 cmH₂O) compared to supine (ventral: 4.8 ± 2.9 cmH₂O; caudal: 3.1 ± 2.6 cmH2O) and prone position (ventral: 1.7 ± 2.5 cmH₂O; caudal: 3.3 ± 1.6 cmH₂O), mainly in ventral (p ≤ 0.001) and caudal (p = 0.007) regions. Lung instability was detected more often in semilateral (26 out of 48 measurements; p = 0.012) and lateral (29 out of 48 measurements, p < 0.001) as compared to supine position (15 out of 48 measurements), and more often in lateral as compared to prone position (19 out of 48 measurements, p = 0.027). Conclusion: Compared to TLV, OLV increased lung stress. Body position did not affect stress of the ventilated lung during OLV, but lung stability was lowest in semilateral and lateral decubitus position.