Thesis (D. Min.)--Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, South Hamilton, MA, 2004. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-108).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, South Hamilton, MA, 2004. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-108).

Thesis, M.A., University of Hong Kong, 1983. / Also available in print.

Thesis (M.A.)--Rowan University, 2009. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, South Hamilton, MA, 2004. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-108).

M.A. (Sociology) / An analysis of the position of women in the labour field prior to the Industrial Revolution, indicates the important role she fulfilled and the active participation she had in the economic life of the community. The dual role of caring for the family and economic activity was fused into one and exercised at home. The Industrial Revolution coupled with the technological development of that era resulted in pertinent changes which affected all facets of society. One of the more important changes which greatly influenced female labour proved to be the separation of labour and the family. Although, initially women and children worked in factories, their labour was exploited and in due course a movement was started to phase the women and children out of the factories and to relocate the women and children in the home. As a result of the foregoing, women lost an important part of their participation in economic activities which essentially relocated their activities to that of homemaker and childcare. The women of the middle class developed a sense of futility as a result of inter alia the decrease in the number of children and the development of household appliances, which drastically reduced her home workload and eased her homework. These events resulted in the development of the emancipation movements whereby women again regained amongst others a bigger share in economic activity. Through this movement the women in the first instance succeeded at reinstating the unmarried women into the labour field and thereafter the married women. In the South African context too, the women increasingly entered the labour field. It appears from statistical data that not only is there an increase in the number of women in the labour field but a further increase of married women to the labour field. The married woman who returns to the labour force experiences a number of problems, one of which, is as a result of the addition of a work role to her existing roles. This assumption of the additional role influences her work sphere, the husband-wife relationship, the parent-child relationship as well as external relationships beyond the family core, all which may become problematic and could influence marital integration negatively. Research in other countries indicate that the support which the husband gives to the wife forms an important aspect .of the manner in which the wife deals with the aforementioned problems and which may effect the marital integration. Further studies indicated that a more equalised division of the home workload results in better time management by the wife. As a result of these findings the question arose as to the position in this regard within the Republic of South Africa. The data were gathered by means of a questionnaire, which included biographical information and Likert type questions with the view to measuring work involvement and work satisfaction, marriage integration, time management and support of husband to working wife. It was completed by 250 respondents, who were working married mothers with dependent children and who were selected by means of snowballing.The questionnaires were completed by the respondents on their own and the data obtained were statistically analysed. Five instruments were developed which together with the biographical data were subjected to hypothesis tests, with the following results: There is a high correlation (r= ,7556; P= ,000) between the support of the husband for the working wife and the quality of marital integration which is experienced indicating that an increase in support increases the level of marital integration. The support of the husband for the working wife (r= ,1651; P= ,009) together with the marital integration scale (r= ,1692; p= ,007) correlates positively with time management. These variables, showing a high positive correlation namely positive time management (r= ,3813; p= ,000), support of the husband for the wife (r= ,1599; p= ,011) and marital integration (r= ,1533; p= ,015) further correlate positively to work involvement and work satisfaction. The findings reflect that the more positive the support of the husband is, the better the quality of marital integration appears to be as well as time management together with increased work involvement and work satisfaction. It appears therefore that there are a number of interwoven variables which indicate that the working life of the wife is not fully detached from her family life and the relationship between the husband and the wife.

Master of Science / Department of Agronomy / Dorivar A. Ruiz Diaz Suarez / An effective nutrient management plan is essential for optimum wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields. The objectives of the first study were to: i.) evaluate changes in concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), within separate plant parts, throughout the growing season, ii.) evaluate the uptake pattern and redistribution of each of these nutrients within the plant throughout the season, and iii.) evaluate the impact of micronutrient and S fertilization on concentration and uptake of nutrients and the potential use of fertilization for biofortification. Three locations were established and sampled every 7 to 10 days during the spring. Samples were divided into leaf, stem, head, spike and grain fractions and analyzed for nutrient concentration. Concentration levels tended to decrease throughout the season in non-grain plant fractions and stay relatively constant in the grain. Harvest grain concentration of Zn was significantly higher with micronutrient fertilization at all locations, suggesting the possibility of Zn biofortification through fertilization. S, Cu, and Zn showed nutrient accumulation increases in all plant fractions until the time period around anthesis (Feekes 10.5.1), at which point leaf and stem fractions decreased in total accumulation while nutrients were remobilized to the grain. N, P, K and Mn showed a similar trend although timing of remobilization varied between locations and treatments. The objectives of the second study were to i.) evaluate the interaction of wheat grazing management and soil and fertilizer N requirements with emphasis on dual purpose wheat, ii.) assess the use of NDVI sensors for N management and forage quantity assessment in wheat grazing systems, and iii.) evaluate forage quality and quantity interactions with N management. Three locations were established and fertilized with N application rates of 0, 34, 67, and 101 kg ha⁻¹ in the fall, followed by simulated grazing. Spring topdress applications were made at rates of 0 and 90 kg ha⁻¹, or a sensor based rate. The impact of grazing on grain production varied by location. NDVI readings correlated with biomass at two of three locations and N recommendations using NDVI sensors resulted in significantly lower N rates and similar yield results to high N application rates. Forage dry matter and N concentration increased with higher N rates.

The present manuscript discusses the use of two diesel injections in diesel-ignited propane dual fuel Low Temperature Combustion (LTC). Using propane fumigation into the intake runners of a single cylinder research engine, the maximum and minimum percent energy substitution (PES) values were obtained to be 90% and 53%, respectively at 3.3 bar BMEP. An optimal PES value of 80% was used to explore the effects of a secondary injection on the engine-out emissions. The secondary injection proved to have a strong influence on combustion phasing (CA50). As combustion is phased closer to TDC the IFCE shows and increase of 4% at 5 bar BMEP and 6% at 3.3 bar BMEP. Finally, a relationship between the IFCE and the CO to CO2 conversion was developed. An increase in the carbon to hydrogen ratio of the fuel shows a reduction of the CO output of the engine while the CO2 concentration increases. More importantly however, the CO to CO2 conversion shows a direct effect on the IFCE. It is shown that a decrease in CO emissions found in the engine-out emissions will correlate directly with an increase in the IFCE.

As the world continues to adopt the next generation of mobile technology, dual-band 5G wireless communications are becoming increasingly significant. 5G technology operates on two different frequency bands, the sub-6 GHz Frequency Range (FR1) and the millimeter wave (MMW) Frequency Range (FR2). The special features in each band enable 5G dual-band communication to provide better coverage and capacity than previous generations of wireless networks. This is especially essential for applications that need high-bandwidth and low-latency connections, such as virtual and augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, and industrial automation. Furthermore, dual-band 5G can help alleviate network congestion in urban areas by redirecting traffic to the MMW band, which has considerably greater capacity. As a result, dual-band 5G is expected to play a critical role in facilitating the next wave of technological innovation and revolutionizing the way we live and work. A dual-band antenna with a large frequency ratio (FR) is required due to the significant difference between each frequency band in 5G. Research on dual-band antennas is facing challenges such as low FR and a lack of a specific design methodology. Despite attempts to develop dual-band antennas with large FRs, there are still issues with low performance and limited bandwidth. This study introduces a novel approach for designing a dual-band antenna with a large FR. The proposed solution draws inspiration from a hybrid design of a dual-band antenna to achieve a large FR, and from the parabolic reflector antenna design to significantly enhance gain in the upper band. The lower band antenna in this design serves as both a radiator for the lower band and a reflector to align the beam in the upper band. This approach can be used to design dual-band antennas for various frequencies. In this thesis, we present a comprehensive model and framework for designing an antenna integrated reflector that offers a large FR. The proposed model is capable of producing an antenna that meets the requirements of the targeted application, namely 5G. This antenna exhibits wideband characteristics and high gain. Two different antenna integrated reflectors, named AIR-I and AIR-II, were designed based on the proposed model. AIR-I has a FR of 10.1. As for AIR-II, due to the presence of dual-band upper antennas, it has a lower band at 1.35 GHz and two upper bands at 13 GHz and 24 GHz thus, a FR of 9.5 and 18, respectively. The above design followed a specific purpose. It uses a 24 GHz/1.35 GHz frequency ratio of 18 to showcase the antenna performance in the context of dual-band 5G. However, the measurement facilities being limited to 20 GHz, a frequency ratio of 9.5 at 13 GHz/1.35 GHz was measured for the AIR-II, as proof of concept. Then, two prototypes were fabricated from AIR-II namely, Prototype-I and Prototype-II. While it would have been possible to demonstrate a proof of concept from a single prototype, it has been decided to produce and test two samples to enable a more exhaustive examination of the subject and obtain additional data that would lend greater support to the model outlined in this thesis. Prototype-I had the same structure as AIR-II and had an operational bandwidth of 0.69 GHz-1.74 GHz / 6 GHz-18 GHz and a FR of 9.9. On the other hand, Prototype-II had an operational bandwidth of 0.69 GHz-1.74 GHz / 13 GHz-18 GHz and a FR of 12.8. These prototypes exhibited maximum bandwidths of 100% and 86%, respectively. Furthermore, at the upper band, Prototype-I achieved a peak gain improvement of 12.6 dB, while Prototype-II achieved an improvement of 8.7 dB. These results demonstrated the significant advantages of our proposed methodology in dual-band antenna design.

No / It is shown that a conical beam 5.2-GHz antenna suitable for HIPERLAN application, but working in horizontal polarization, can be realized as a group of microstrip patch radiators in a ring formation. Layouts with three and four patches are described, and radiation patterns are found to agree well with predictions from a simple array model. The three-patch form is smaller and gives a closer approximation to an azimuth-independent pattern. Patterns are very similar to those achieved in vertical polarization with previously reported disk antenna realizations, giving peak radiation at about 50 elevation. Two methods of impedance matching are found to give satisfactory results. A dual-polarized conical-beam microstrip antenna, with a strictly uniplanar conductor pattern, is also presented and realized as an array of three square patches whose corners meet a central feed point. For the second polarization, the antenna functions as a series fed array. Fairly good conical beam patterns have been obtained, though only moderate polarization purity appears to be obtainable from threeelement arrays.