La pollution des eaux par les métaux est devenue un problème majeur. Il est donc nécessaire de contrôler régulièrement la qualité des eaux de consommation et de rejet, selon les fréquences et les paramètres d'analyses définis par le décret européen -2001-1220 de Décembre 2001. Face à de nouvelles normes de plus en plus exigeantes, la sensibilité et la limite de détection des appareillages (ICP-AES par exemple) deviennent problématiques pour la quantification des métaux. Une étape de préconcentration préliminaire à l'analyse serait une alternative. Parmi les différentes méthodes de préconcentration, l'extraction en phase solide chélatante est particulièrement adaptée à l'extraction d'espèces métalliques en milieu aqueux. Elle fait intervenir des interactions entre une phase liquide et un support solide poreux modifié par un ligand, générant un mécanisme de rétention spécifique vis-à-vis de l'analyte (Chélation). Différents types de supports solides peuvent être employés en SPE. Les polymères organiques de synthèse et plus particulièrement les copolymères à base de styrène et de divinylbenzène (EVBDVB) offrent les performances attendues pour une telle application : stabilité sur une large gamme de pH, bonnes propriétés chimiques, physiques et thermiques. Afin d'améliorer les propriétés complexantes des copolymères EVB-DVB vis-à-vis des métaux, l'introduction d'un ligand est nécessaire pour obtenir un support poreux chélatant. Dans le cadre de ces travaux, le 1,2- benzènediol (catéchol) a été sélectionné pour sa capacité à retenir les espèces métalliques et parce qu'il permet d'envisager deux voies d'incorporation : 1. Greffage du catéchol sur un copolymère EVB-DVB commercial (Amberlite® XAD4 de Rohm et Haas) via des ponts imines réduits et diazonium ; 2. Copolymérisation en suspension d'un monomère styrénique comportant le catéchol avec du divinylbenzène. Les supports solides fonctionnalisés issus des deux modes de préparation sont caractérisés par ATG-DSC, Py-GC/MS et spectroscopie IRTF afin de valider l'incorporation du catéchol. Les propriétés complexantes pour le Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) et Pb(II) ont été déterminées par ICP-AES et sont reliées aux taux de fonctionnalisation (évalués par dosage acido-basique en retour des fonctions hydroxyles du catéchol) et aux propriétés texturales (surface spécifique, volume poreux, diamètres de pores déterminés par adsorption/désorption de gaz). Par rapport au greffage, la copolymérisation en suspension permet de faire varier la quantité de ligand introduit, de conserver la sphéricité des supports et de contrôler la taille des particules, en réduisant à la fois le coût et les contraintes de mise en oeuvre. Ce procédé de préparation a permis d'aboutir à des matériaux originaux (peu colorés) ouvrant des perspectives notamment en terme d'application : détection directe des métaux retenus par spectroscopie de réflexion diffuse.

Dans le cadre de cette thèse nous nous intéressons à la liaison d'un terminal utilisateur vers un satellite géostationnaire pour les futurs systèmes d'applications multimédia en bande Ka. Le but est de concevoir une forme d'onde qui permet de s'adapter aux conditions de propagation. L'adaptation des performances en spectre et en puissance de la forme d'onde, notamment dans un contexte avec une forte fluctuation du niveau du signal, comme celui du canal satellite en bande Ka, permet à la fois d'augmenter la capacité et d'améliorer la disponibilité du système. Dans ces travaux, les formes d'onde basées sur les modulations CPM (Continuous Phase Modulation) ont été adoptées. L'enveloppe constante, les différents paramètres ayant un impact sur les performances de la forme d'onde, ainsi que les bonnes performances en puissance lors d'un processus de décodage itératif sont les principales motivations de notre choix. Concernant l'adaptativité nous montrons qu'une forme d'onde CPM basée sur la variation de l'indice de modulation (et éventuellement la réponse en fréquence) au sein d'une famille d'indices ayant un même dénominateur est une solution particulièrement attractive. Une telle solution ne nécessite pas une très grande complexité lors d'un passage d'un mode de transmission à un autre. Elle nécessite essentiellement le changement des coefficients des filtres adaptés. Cette technique permet aussi d'obtenir une marge de performance assez importante vu que l'indice de modulation est le paramètre qui affecte le plus les performances de la CPM. La CPM octale 2RC est un schéma particulièrement attractif d'un point de vue performance.

<p>A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the determination of organochlorine pesticides, namely aldrin, alpha-BHC, beta-BHC, delta-BHC, dieldrin, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate, endrin, endrin aldehyde, lindane, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, 4,4’-DDD, 4,4’-DDE and 4,4’- DDT in water. The effect of extraction conditions, such as the addition of sodium chloride and methanol to the sample prior to loading was studied. The sample was concentrated by a plain polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin, and the extract was eluted by ethyl acetate. Qualification and quantification of the target pesticides were performedby gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the full-scan and selected ion-monitoring mode, respectively, and for better detection of pesticides in field samples the mass spectrometer was altered from electron ionization (EI) to chemical ionization mode (CI). The repeatability of the method for MilliQ-water fortified with pesticides at a level of 0.1 to 0.6 µg/l ranged from 8 to 18%, and the obtained recoveries ranged from 67 to 135%. </p><p>The method was evaluated for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in fourteen surface- and groundwater samples taken from locations along King Talal Dam, King Abdullah Canal and Zarqa River in the Jordan Valley. The limit of detection of the pesticides residues in 500-ml field water samples ranged from 0.0009 to 15.7 ng/l. The obtained results confirmed the presence of trace amounts of some organochlorine pesticides in the analyzed samples, i.e. lindane and endosulfan compounds.</p>

<p>All digital-TV receivers that are existent on the market today include some sort of a multiplexer which filters the data, the sound and the picture from the digital stream. These de-multiplexers are rather complex and general. The purpose of this Master Thesis is to develop a de-multiplexer which would solely filter one specific type of information out of the data stream, in our case the name of the network.</p><p>The main task of this project contains a close study of MPEG2 and the transport streams in order to find a solution and create a static de-multiplexer. Another part of this project is to choose an adequate method for the control and data communication. We will study the bus protocols I2C and SPI.</p><p>Finally we will construct the entire circuit after having chosen the Development Environment, DE and considered all the different circuit designs suitable for our task as well as the working at a low production cost, which is of course an important factor and challenge. The first part of construction will be made in Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language, VHDL, code and once the program is tested and working we will implement it and create the circuit. We will run a test of the final circuit test by filtering a near satellite signal and the get the name of the aimed network.</p>

This thesis is composed of three parts. The first part surveys the literature on RF architecture and semiconductor process technology in the DVB-H tuner applications. The RFIC design considerations are also discussed. In the second part, the DVB-H tuner RFIC design using TSMC 0.18£gm RF CMOS technology is presented. Discussions between simulated and measured results of each circuit stage are also included. In the third part, the RFIC testing results for CW and DVB-H input signals are demonstrated. For a QPSK signal with 8MHz bandwidth and 7/8 code rate, the sensitivity of the RFIC can reach -87dBm. The adjacent channel protection ratio can meet the specification. The chip power consumption is 70.2mW, and the chip size is 1.96 mm2.

A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the determination of organochlorine pesticides, namely aldrin, alpha-BHC, beta-BHC, delta-BHC, dieldrin, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate, endrin, endrin aldehyde, lindane, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, 4,4’-DDD, 4,4’-DDE and 4,4’- DDT in water. The effect of extraction conditions, such as the addition of sodium chloride and methanol to the sample prior to loading was studied. The sample was concentrated by a plain polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin, and the extract was eluted by ethyl acetate. Qualification and quantification of the target pesticides were performedby gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the full-scan and selected ion-monitoring mode, respectively, and for better detection of pesticides in field samples the mass spectrometer was altered from electron ionization (EI) to chemical ionization mode (CI). The repeatability of the method for MilliQ-water fortified with pesticides at a level of 0.1 to 0.6 µg/l ranged from 8 to 18%, and the obtained recoveries ranged from 67 to 135%. The method was evaluated for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in fourteen surface- and groundwater samples taken from locations along King Talal Dam, King Abdullah Canal and Zarqa River in the Jordan Valley. The limit of detection of the pesticides residues in 500-ml field water samples ranged from 0.0009 to 15.7 ng/l. The obtained results confirmed the presence of trace amounts of some organochlorine pesticides in the analyzed samples, i.e. lindane and endosulfan compounds.

As one of the most powerful error-correcting codes, Low-density parity check codes are widely used in digital communications. Because of the performance of LDPC codes are capable to close the shannon limited extraordinarily, LDPC codes are to be used in the new Digital Video Broadcast-Satellite-Second Generation(DVB-S2) and it is the first time that LDPC codes are included in the broadcast standard in 2003. In this thesis, a restructured parity-check matrices which can be divided into sub-matrices for LDPC code in DVB-S2 is provided. Corresponded to this restructured parity-check matrix, a reconstructed decoding table is invented. The encoding table of DVB-S2 standard only could obtain the unknown check nodes from known variable nodes, while the decoding table this thesis provided could obtain the unknown variable nodes from known check nodes what is exactly the Layered-massage passing algorithm needed. Layered-message passing algorithm which also known as "Turbo-decoding message passing" is used to reduce the decoding iterations and memory storage for messages. The thesis also investigate Bp algorithm, lambda-min algorithm, Min-sum algorithm and SISO-s algorithm, meanwhile, simulation results of these algorithms and schedules are also presented.

This thesis consists of two parts. Part one includes the design procedure and implementation of the building blocks for an RF tuner module used in the Digital Video Broadcasting ¡V Terrestrial ¡]DVB-T¡^system. It contains the comparison of several RF tuner architectures, frequency planning, and link-budget analysis. Measurement results for the designed tuner operating in the frequency range from 50 to 860 MHz show that the maximum power gain ranges from 49 to 57.6 dB. The entire range for gain control is over 60 dB. In the maximum gain state, the noise figure ranges form 6.8 to 11.5 dB, the output third-order interception point¡]OIP3¡^ranges from 11.7 to 13.8 dBm, and the image rejection is over 50 dB. By applying the simplified single-carrier modulation signals, the tuner can pass the DVB-T system specifications with respect to the adjacent-channel and overlapping-channel protection ratios. In part two, an RFIC design for low-noise variable-gain amplifier that can be used in the RF front end of DVB-T system is presented. It operates from 100 to 900 MHz and dissipates 59.4 mW under a 3.3-V power supply. In the maximum gain state, measurement results for this RFIC show that the noise figure is less than 4 dB, the maximum gain is more than 14 dB, and the OIP3 is about 6.8dBm. The entire gain control range is over 40 dB.

The topic of this thesis presents a digital front end (DFE) of the digital video broadcasting over terrestrial (DVB-T). The DVB-T system is similar to most of the prior digital communication system. It is roughly divided into two major parts, one for channel coding/decoding, and the other for modulation/demodulation. The thesis is mainly focused on the DVB-T digital video broadcasting demodulation part of the receiver and the integration of a complete digital front demodulation system. The major operational processor of the DFE is a 2K/8K dual-mode FFT processor, which has been implemented by the TSMC ( Taiwan Semiconductor Manu-facturing Company ) 0.35um 2P4M CMOS process technology to justify the simulation results as well as the correctness of the proposed architecture.

This thesis includes two topics. The first one is a low-power double-edge triggered flip-flop.The other is a orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) demodulator compliant with the Digital Video Broadcasting Handheld (DVB-H). Low-power double-edge triggered flip-flop (DETFF) is based on multi-Vth transistors technique. Since low threshold voltage transistors are able to generate large leakage current, they are suitable to drive big loads. By contrast, high threshold voltage transistors are more appropriate to latch data due to their low leakage. Therefore, a single latch double-edge triggered flip-flop utilizing multi-Vth transistors can be a low power and high speed design without paying the price of large area. The proposed OFDM demodulator is compliant with the DVB-H standard. The received DVB-H signal is processed by an RF front-end and the following analog-to-digital converter. Then, the digital signal is fed into the demodulator to adjust and calibrate the frequency, timing offset and channel estimation. The proposed DVB-H demodulator is mainly composed of five blocks : symbol timing synchronization block, carrier frequency offset compensation block, fast Fourier transform block, scatter pilot detection block and channel compensation block.