Farmland bird populations in Europe have been in decline for a long time. Agricultural intensification and growing a large share of crops that provide suboptimal breeding habitat could be the main causes of the observed decline. To explore these possible drivers, I focused on population trends of farmland bird species in different habitats in the Czech Republic over the periods 1982-1990 and 1990-2010. Specifically, I focused on the variability in trends within each species in respect to the differences in landscape management between the lowlands and mid-altitude areas before and after 1990. The expected effect of intensive farming in the lowlands until 1990 was reflected by a strong decline in populations of Northern Lapwing and Yellowhammer. The influence of less intensive farming in mid-altitude areas causing moderate population decline was confirmed rather by shrubs and trees species than farmland specialists. After 1990, less intensive farming in the lowlands should reduce the decline, which may have occurred, but compelling comparison of population trends between the two time periods was not possible for most species due to the lack of data. On the contrary, more intensive population decline in mid-altitudes after 1990, which should be the response to arable land abandonment, was not...

In the presented work I devote to creating a computer model of a professional service firm using the theory of business modeling. The whole model was programmed using the application Vensim. Another part of this work was to use this model to answer some key questions about the professional service firms. I dealt with the issue of optimal volume and optimal size of potential orders. I have also studied the influence of marketing and employee productivity on business performance. Another part of the work was to find patterns in employees career growth and to monitor sales and quality of projects delivery. I also determined the size and characteristics of critical mass. Such a model could then be used to better understand patterns of companies in the professional services industry and we can use it to manage the company more effectively in this environment.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is capable to deliver a detailed information about the dynamics on molecular level in a wide range of time scales, especially if accompanied by suitably chosen theoretical tools. In this work, we employed a set of high-resolution NMR techniques to investigate dynamics processes in several weakly interacting molecular systems in solution. Van der Waals interactions play an important role in inclusion complexes of cryptophane-C with chloroform or dichloromethane. The complex formation was thoroughly investigated by means of 1H and 13C NMR experiments along with the quantum-chemical density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We characterized kinetics, thermodynamics, as well as fine details of structural rearrangements of the complex formation. Internal dynamics of oligo- and polysaccharides presents a considerable challenge due to possible coupling of internal and global molecular motions. Two small oligosaccharides were investigated as test cases for a newly developed integrated approach for interpreting the dynamics of the molecules with non-trivial internal flexibility. The approach comprised advanced theoretical tools, including stochastic modeling, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and hydrodynamic simulations. A biologically important bacterial O-antigenic polysaccharide from E. Coli O91 was addressed employing selective isotope labeling and multiple-field 13C relaxation experiments. The complex dynamics of the polysaccharide is characterized by the conformational motion of the exocyclic groups of the sugars, superimposed to the breathing motion of the polymeric chain. Hydrogen bonding is another major non-covalent interaction. Dilute solutions of ethanol were chosen as a model of liquid systems containing extensive hydrogen-bonded networks. We developed a new methodology consisting of NMR diffusion measurements, DFT calculations, and hydrodynamic modeling and utilized it to determine average size of the molecular clusters of ethanol at given conditions. / Nukleární magnetická rezonance (NMR) dokáže poskytnout detailní informace o dynamice na molekulární úrovni v širokém oboru časových škál, zejména pokud je doplněna vhodnými teoretickými nástroji. V této práci byla použita sada technik NMR spektroskopie vysokého rozlišení pro výzkum dynamických procesů slabě interagujících molekulárních struktur v roztoku. Van der Waalsovy interakce hrají důležitou roli v inkluzních komplexech kryptofanu-C s chloroformem nebo dichlormethanem. Tvorba komplexu byla podrobně zkoumána za použití 1H a13C NMR experimentů spolu s kvantově-chemickými výpočty. Byla charakterizována kinetika, termodynamika, jakož i detaily strukturních změn při tvorbě komplexu. Vnitřní dynamika oligo- a polysacharidů představuje velkou výzvu  kvůli možnému provázání lokálního a globálního molekulárního pohybu. Dva modelové oligosacharidy byly použity pro testování nově vyvinuté integrované metody pro popis dynamiky molekul s netriviální vnitřní flexibilitou. Tato metoda spojuje pokročilé teoretické výpočty včetně stochastického modelování, simulací molekulové dynamiky a hydrodynamiky. Antigenní bakteriální polysacharid z E. Coli O91, důležitý z biologického hlediska, byl studován za pomoci selektivního izotopového značení a NMR relaxačních experimentů ve více magnetických polích. Komplexní dynamika polysacharidu je charakterizována konformačními změnami exocyklických skupin cukerných reziduí a omezenou interní flexibilitou polymerního řetězce. Vodíkové vazby jsou další z důležitých nekovalentních interakcí. Zředěné roztoky ethanolu byly vybrány jako model kapalného systému obsahujícího rozsáhlou síť vodíkových vazeb. Vyvinuli jsme novou metodologii, složenou z NMR difúzních měření, kvantově-chemických výpočtů a hydrodynamického modelování a aplikovali ji pro zjištění průměrné velikosti molekulových klastrů ethanolu za specifických podmínek. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Accepted. Paper 5: Manuscript.</p>

The aim of my thesis is to evaluated the dynamics of selected hematological and biochemical parameters in blood plasma of calves reared in different environmental conditions. Totally were collected 120 blood samples of calves in age of 1 to 124 days. The animals came from three different breeds with different ways of rearing. The total blood parameters tested in all observed groups were in the normal range. Dynamics of selected hematological and biochemical parameters in blood plasma of calves in all groups were relatively similar. It is clear that the calves, while preserving the basic animal hygiene conditions of livestock, can cope with the effects of different technologies of rearing and environmental conditions.

Title: Dynamical behaviour of matrix proteins from Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus Author: Pavel Srb Department: Department of Low temperature physics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jan Lang, PhD. Abstract: We studied the oligomeric properties of betaretroviral nonmyristoylated ma- trix protein (MA) and its R55F mutant from the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus in solution by means of NMR spectroscopy. We have proven that the wild- type (WT) MA forms oligomers in solution. The final model of oligomeriza- tion of the WT MA was derived by concerted use of chemical shift mapping and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy measured on a set of protein samples with varying concentrations. We found that the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus WT MA exists in a monomer-dimer-trimer equilibrium in solution. Further a combination of NMR relaxation measurements and advanced analysis of molecular dynamics simulation trajectory provided an unprecedentedly de- tailed insight into internal mobility of matrix proteins of the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. Strong evidence have been obtained that the oligomerization capacity of the wild-type matrix protein is closely related to the enhanced dynamics of several parts of its backbone on a nanosecond time scale. In- creased flexibility has been observed for two regions: the loop between he- lices α2 and α3 and the C-terminal...

Title: Fast Dynamic Processes in Solution Studied by NMR Spectroscopy Author: Mária Šoltésová Department: Department of low temperature physics, Charles University in Prague, and Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jan Lang, Ph.D., Department of low temperature physics, Charles University in Prague, and Prof. Jozef Kowalewski, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University Abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is capable to deliver a detailed information about the dynamics on molecular level in a wide range of time scales, especially if accompanied by suitably chosen theoretical tools. In this work, we employed a set of high-resolution NMR techniques to investigate dynamics processes in several weakly interacting molecular systems in solution. Van der Waals interactions play an important role in inclusion complexes of crypto- phane-C with chloroform or dichloromethane. The complex formation was thoroughly investigated by means of 1H and 13C NMR experiments along with the quantum- chemical density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We characterized kinetics, thermodynamics, as well as fine details of structural rearrangements of the complex formation. Internal dynamics of oligo- and...

The aim of this dissertation work was the study of the population dynamics of the yel-low -- necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) and the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) depending on the crop of oak seeds during the five-year period from 2008 do 2012. The research of small terrestrial mammals was carried out in three forest complexes different in food supply in an intesinvely cultivated landscape of southern Moravia. In was an old semi-natural floodplain forest with the dominance of oak (locality Horní les 3 km a long way from the municipality of Lednice), further an productive deciduou forest with the dominance of oak and acacia (locality Hájek nearby township Vranovice) and a pheasantry with a variety of forest types formed with various species of roe deer (lo-cality Rumunská bažantnice 25 km southeast of Brno). Small mammals were caught in these areas at regular intervals to the classical mouse-hunting collapsible traps laid in lines. In total for the period were caught 1943 small mammals in eight species. There was trapped the total number of 1943 small mammals in eight species. Among the most mundant species (Apodemus flavicollis and Clethrionomys glareo-lus) there was also detected a signifiant impal seed year on the body weight of the stud-ied animals. In 2009 and in 2011 their body size was smaller even though there was a high crop of seeds of woody plants. The mason was that the crop was as late as in the autumn and so the rodents didn't have enough time to utilit the food supplies suffi-ciently that year. The relative is that to harvest occurred as late as in the fall and rodents so missed this year's food supply enough to be used. Abundance significantly varied among the localities. There was found out the tendency to prefer the most variable bi-otop in Rumunská bažantnice. The small mammals responded to the high crop of seeds in the autumn of 2009 and 2011, population growth in follows, therefore,in 2010 and 2012. Great crop of acorns may lead to a sharp increase in population, which can then cause damage to the natural regeneration of oak or artificial regeneration of the sowing.

This diploma thesis deals with the processing of selected parts of the series "A je to" within the framework of an interactive teaching physics in elementary school. Thesis is divided into two parts. Theoretical, describing motivation and interactive teaching and part practical, in which they are processed, video materials and their theoretical analysis.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse population development of municipalities Dyje (the micro-region Dyje) and Association of municipalities of the estate of Veveří Castle (the micro-region Veveří) in the years from 2003 to 2011, then to compare the results of this analysis between these two micro-regions and to propose possible measures aimed at improving population development in micro-regions. In terms of demographic statics, mid-year population and the population structure by sex and age are analysed. In terms of demographic dynamics, attention is paid to the development of death rate, birth rate, abortion rate, nuptiality, divorce rate and migration. By smoothing of time series using a mathematical function the development of the above indicators is predicted until 2013. Based on conducted analyses, it has been established that there has been an increase in the number of mid-year population with a prevailing number of men in the micro-region Dyje and a prevailing number of women in the micro-region Veveří. This increase has resulted in particular from a growth in a long-term positive population migration. Furthermore, it can be said that in both the micro-regions population has been aging, which is caused by increasing life expectancy and decreasing death rate. In the micro-region Dyje there has been a decrease in birth rate and an increase in abortion rate, while the opposite is true for the micro-region Veveří. Nuptiality in both the micro-regions has been decreasing while divorce rate has been growing in the micro-region Dyje and decreasing in the micro-region Veveří.

The aim of this thesis is to determine the level of manganese content and its seasonal dynamics in selected herbs and trees species and invertebrates in the period 2011--2013. Trial sites were located in the highly manganese contaminated ecosystem in Krušné hory mountains. The flora and fauna samples were being collected on a monthly basis. The level of manganese was determined by the AAS method. The highest level of manganese was found in the blackberry bush (Rubus caesius L.) and the raspberry bush (Rubus idaeus L.). The larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and the mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia L.) were the most contaminated tree species. Majority of plants accumulates manganese during the vegetative period. The invertebrates showed lower level of manganese content than plants. The highest level was found in millipedes (Diplopoda) and isopods (Oniscoidea). Despite the really high concentration of manganese in the enviroment, none of the plants and invertebrates showed symptoms of toxicosis.