Point estimation of several association parameters in categorical data are presented. Typically, a constant is added to the frequency counts before the association measure is computed. We will study the accuracy of these adjusted point estimators based on frequentist and Bayesian methods respectively. In particular, amended estimators for the ratio of independent Poisson rates, relative risk, odds ratio, and the ratio of marginal binomial proportions will be examined in terms of bias and mean squared error.

This thesis explores the practical application of Physical Layer Security (PLS) inMultiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems, particularly focusing on ShortPacket Communication (SPC). The aim is to enhance the security of wireless com-munications against eavesdropping threats. By employing advanced techniques suchas Maximum Ratio Transmission (MRT) and Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC),along with Beamforming, the study demonstrates how these methods can signifi-cantly strengthen the signal integrity in MIMO systems.In developing a comprehensive system model that integrates PLS into MIMO,the research provides a dual approach of evaluation. Rigorous theoretical analy-sis coupled with MATLAB simulations are utilized to validate the effectiveness ofthe proposed model. These methods not only underscore the feasibility of PLSin real-world applications but also highlight the potential improvements in wirelesscommunication security, offering a valuable contribution to the field.

No description available.

[pt] É comum tratarmos grupos como agentes capazes de interagir intencionalmente com o mundo e, para identificar mentes de grupos, usamos os mesmos mecanismos de percepção de mente em outras pessoas. No caso de cortes, a expressão de seus julgamentos coletivos pode variar de acordo com o grau de liberdade que elas permitem a seus membros. Elas podem publicar uma decisão única, restringindo a publicidade do processo deliberativo (per curiam) ou, ao invés de uma opinião coletiva da corte, podem publicar o conjunto de votos individuais de seus membros (seriatim). Nesse último caso, a identificação dos posicionamentos coletivos da corte pode ser difícil. Esta tese sustenta que, por conta de suas decisões seriatim, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) diminui sua entitatividade, o que torna suas razões para decidir difíceis de serem identificadas e limita sua capacidade de uniformizar a jurisprudência nacional através de seus precedentes. No primeiro capítulo, este trabalho trata das condições teóricas para a possibilidade de atitudes intencionais de grupos. Há duas possíveis maneiras de se especificar a natureza da intencionalidade de grupo: uma que se baseia na disposição dos membros do grupo de adotarem a perspectiva coletiva e outra que aponta para a capacidade dos membros de agirem racionalmente enquanto grupo. Da perspectiva de um observador, a noção de mente de grupo exige outras condições. O segundo capítulo especifica as formas como a discussão sobre intencionalidade de grupo podem ser aplicadas à prática judicial. Dependendo da forma como a corte apresenta suas decisões, pode ser que as suas razões motivadoras não sejam claramente distinguíveis das razões endossadas apenas pelos membros individualmente. No terceiro capítulo, é indicado como isso interessa a cortes como o STF, que lidam com questões politicamente controversas, mas que precisam demonstrar capacidade de agir motivadas por razões para que seus precedentes sejam respeitados. Ao optar por publicar decisões seriatim, a corte indica abertura à diversidade de opiniões, reduzindo a sua aparência de entidade coesa. Como consequência, as razões coletivamente aceitas para decidir não são claramente apresentadas. O último capítulo lida com pesquisas psicológicas recentes, que indicam que uma condição para a atribuição de intencionalidade a um grupo é que ele tenha alta entitatividade. Ações coordenadas e objetivos em comum entre os membros aumentam a entitatividade de um grupo e o torna mais propenso a ser reconhecido como um agente. / [en] It is common that we treat groups as agents capable of interacting intentionally with the world. To identify group minds, we use the same mechanisms we use in the perception of the minds of other individuals. In the case of judicial courts, the expression of their collective judgments may vary in accordance with the degree of freedom they allow their members. The courts may publish a single decision, maintaining their deliberative process secret (per curiam) or, instead of an opinion of the court, may publish the set of its members individual opinions (seriatim). In the latter case, identifying the court s collective judgment can be challenging. This dissertation argues that, due to its seriatim decisions, the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) diminishes its entitativity, making the reasons behind its decisions harder to identify and hindering its ability to standardize national judicial decision-making through its precedents. The first chapter deals with the theoretical conditions for the possibility of group intentional states. There are two possible ways to specify the nature of this kind of intentionality: one that is based on the group members willingness to adopt the collective perspective (the collective acceptance model), and one that points to the members ability to act rationally as a group (the social choice approach). From an observer s perspective, the notion of a group mind demands other conditions. The second chapter specifies the ways in which the discussion of group intentionality could be applied to judicial practice. Depending on the ways in which the court presents its decisions, it could be that its motivating reasons are not clearly distinguishable from the reasons endorsed individually by its group members. The third chapter establishes how this is relevant for courts like the STF, which deal with politically controversial issues, but which need, also, to demonstrate the ability to act motivated by reasons for its precedents to be respected. By choosing to publish seriatim decisions, the court privileges openness to a diversity of positions over its entitativity. As a consequence, the collectively accepted reasons are not clearly stated. The last chapter deals with recent psychological research that suggest that one condition for group intentionality inference is that the group possess high entitativity. Coordinated actions and common goals among members increase the group s entitativity and make it more likely to be seen as an agent.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Bakgrund: Det finns många aktier att välja mellan på aktiemarknaden. För en person som aldrig tidigare har handlat med aktier kan det vara svårt att veta vilken investering som efter en tid kan generera ett högre värde än det satsade kapitalet. Relativvärdering är en investeringsstrategi som kan tillämpas för att identifiera dessa aktier. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka om värdemultiplarna P/E-talet, P/BV-talet och direktavkastning kan generera överavkastning genom investeringar i undervärderade aktier i finansbranschen. Om så är fallet, därefter påvisa vilken av värdemultiplarna som genererar högst avkastning. Metod: Studien har att tillämpat en kvantitativ metod med deduktiva inslag. Värde- och tillväxtportföljer har komponerats med värdemultiplarna P/E-talet, P/BV-talet och direktavkastning. Värdemultiplarna har beräknats fram med sekundärdata från databasen Thomson Reuters EcoWin Pro och årsredovisningar. Resultat: Studiens resultat påvisar att det går att generera överavkastning med relativvärdering som investeringsstrategi. Majoriteten av värdeportföljerna presterade bättre än tillväxtportföljerna. Portföljen som hade den högsta överavkastningen var värdeportföljen baserat på P/BV-talet. / Background: The capital stock market consists of many different shares. For a person who has never acted in shares, it can be difficult to know which investment over time that could generate a higher value than the invested capital. Relative valuation is an investment strategy that can be applied to identify these shares. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate whether key ratios P/E-ratio, P/BV-ratio and dividend yield can generate excess returns by investing in undervalued stocks in the financial industry sector. If so, then demonstrate which of key ratios that generates the highest return. Method: This study has applied a quantitative approach with deductive features. Value and growth portfolios have been composed by key ratios P/E-ratio, P/BV-ratio and dividend yield. Key ratios have been calculated on secondary data from the database Thomson Reuters EcoWin pro and annual reports. Results: Our results demonstrate that it is possible to generate excess returns with the relative valuation as an investment strategy. The majority of the value portfolios performed better than the growth portfolios. The portfolio that had the highest excess return over the total period was the value portfolio that consisted of P/BV-ratio.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Rice grows in saturated soil water condition and its requirement for water is highest amongst other cereal crops. In India, the southwest monsoon wind regime brings rainfall that provides a favourable environment for rice cultivation. Thus, there is significant dependency ofrice production on the southwest monsoon rainfall. Being a crop that grows across diverse climatic regions in India ranging from the humid to semi-arid, it offers possibility to explore therelationship between stable isotopic compositions in the grain organic matter with the climaticfactors relevant for its growth. In this thesis, we measured the isotopic compositions of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon of several rice genotypes that were cultivated during the southwest monsoon in diverse climatic regions across the Indian landmass. These isotopic values were then compared with the seasonalaverage values of climate factors such as relative humidity and temperature. Together with thiswe also studied the dependency of the oxygen isotope composition of the grain OM (δ18OOM) onthat of the source water (δ18OSW). Upon removal of δ18OSW effect from δ18OOM, we obtained astrong and significant relationship between the 18O enrichment in grain organic matter (definedas 18OOM) with relative humidity. The gradient recorded was 0.45‰ shift in 18OOM with 1%change in the relative humidity level. This relationship can potentially be used to estimate thepast variations in relative humidity (and by extension, can provide a measure of monsoon rainfallvariations). We further validated this relationship based on experiments carried out in aglasshouse where all the physical factors were well-monitored. Together with this, carbonisotopic composition measured in the rice grain organic matter were used to infer the water useefficiency of rice grown in different climatic settings. The stable isotope approach was furtherimplemented for studying the archaeological rice grains recovered from archaeological sites. Analysis of carbon isotopic composition of archaeological rice grains from seven archaeologicalsites (Balu, Kanmer, Ojiyana, Lahuradewa, JognaKhera, Hulas and Kunal), belonging to theHarappan civilization and other contemporary cultures provided a new suit of data on quantitativeestimate of the hydroclimatic condition (specifically relative humidity) and water availabilityduring the existence of this civilization.

Rice grows in saturated soil water condition and its requirement for water is highest amongst other cereal crops. In India, the southwest monsoon wind regime brings rainfall that provides a favourable environment for rice cultivation. Thus, there is significant dependency ofrice production on the southwest monsoon rainfall. Being a crop that grows across diverse climatic regions in India ranging from the humid to semi-arid, it offers possibility to explore therelationship between stable isotopic compositions in the grain organic matter with the climaticfactors relevant for its growth. In this thesis, we measured the isotopic compositions of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon of several rice genotypes that were cultivated during the southwest monsoon in diverse climatic regions across the Indian landmass. These isotopic values were then compared with the seasonalaverage values of climate factors such as relative humidity and temperature. Together with thiswe also studied the dependency of the oxygen isotope composition of the grain OM (δ18OOM) onthat of the source water (δ18OSW). Upon removal of δ18OSW effect from δ18OOM, we obtained astrong and significant relationship between the 18O enrichment in grain organic matter (definedas 18OOM) with relative humidity. The gradient recorded was 0.45‰ shift in 18OOM with 1%change in the relative humidity level. This relationship can potentially be used to estimate thepast variations in relative humidity (and by extension, can provide a measure of monsoon rainfallvariations). We further validated this relationship based on experiments carried out in aglasshouse where all the physical factors were well-monitored. Together with this, carbonisotopic composition measured in the rice grain organic matter were used to infer the water useefficiency of rice grown in different climatic settings. The stable isotope approach was furtherimplemented for studying the archaeological rice grains recovered from archaeological sites. Analysis of carbon isotopic composition of archaeological rice grains from seven archaeologicalsites (Balu, Kanmer, Ojiyana, Lahuradewa, JognaKhera, Hulas and Kunal), belonging to theHarappan civilization and other contemporary cultures provided a new suit of data on quantitativeestimate of the hydroclimatic condition (specifically relative humidity) and water availabilityduring the existence of this civilization

Rice grows in saturated soil water condition and its requirement for water is highest amongst other cereal crops. In India, the southwest monsoon wind regime brings rainfall that provides a favourable environment for rice cultivation. Thus, there is significant dependency ofrice production on the southwest monsoon rainfall. Being a crop that grows across diverse climatic regions in India ranging from the humid to semi-arid, it offers possibility to explore therelationship between stable isotopic compositions in the grain organic matter with the climaticfactors relevant for its growth. In this thesis, we measured the isotopic compositions of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon of several rice genotypes that were cultivated during the southwest monsoon in diverse climatic regions across the Indian landmass. These isotopic values were then compared with the seasonalaverage values of climate factors such as relative humidity and temperature. Together with thiswe also studied the dependency of the oxygen isotope composition of the grain OM (δ18OOM) onthat of the source water (δ18OSW). Upon removal of δ18OSW effect from δ18OOM, we obtained astrong and significant relationship between the 18O enrichment in grain organic matter (definedas 18OOM) with relative humidity. The gradient recorded was 0.45‰ shift in 18OOM with 1%change in the relative humidity level. This relationship can potentially be used to estimate thepast variations in relative humidity (and by extension, can provide a measure of monsoon rainfallvariations). We further validated this relationship based on experiments carried out in aglasshouse where all the physical factors were well-monitored. Together with this, carbonisotopic composition measured in the rice grain organic matter were used to infer the water useefficiency of rice grown in different climatic settings. The stable isotope approach was furtherimplemented for studying the archaeological rice grains recovered from archaeological sites. Analysis of carbon isotopic composition of archaeological rice grains from seven archaeologicalsites (Balu, Kanmer, Ojiyana, Lahuradewa, JognaKhera, Hulas and Kunal), belonging to theHarappan civilization and other contemporary cultures provided a new suit of data on quantitativeestimate of the hydroclimatic condition (specifically relative humidity) and water availabilityduring the existence of this civilization.