The purpose of this study is to investigate promotion within the tourism industry on the Gold Coast, Australia, focusing on tourism companies’ promotional efforts on the Japanese market. The aim is to answer the question ‘How can Australian tourism companies effectively promote themselves on the Japanese market?’ through five specific research objectives: (1) to get a better understanding of tourism- and attraction marketing, (2) to get familiar with the characteristics of the Japanese tourist and their travel patterns, (3) to investigate which factors in regards to culture, are influencing the tourism companies’ promotion in Japan, (4) to identify critical success factors for successful promotion of Australian tourism companies on the Japanese market, and (5) to identify similarities and differences between small and large companies when it comes to tourism promotion on the Japanese market. A variety of secondary data, including well-known theories and models were studied and presented in addition to a qualitative study investigating four tourism companies. It is found that the numbers of Japanese tourists to the Gold Coast has decreased over the last decade, much due to macro factors such as changes in aviation and exchange rates, and increased competition from short-haul destinations. However, Japan still represents a main international interest, which makes it crucial for tourism companies to be familiar with the characteristics of the Japanese tourist and their travel patterns. It becomes evident that Japanese tourists have changed over the last years, and findings show that existing cultural frameworks are inadequate to describe the Japanese culture and tourist. Our empirical results show that cultural adaptations are not as extensive as suggested by theory and that the main cultural adjustments are made in language. In addition, it is important to consider the Japanese have higher expectations of service, and are long-term planners. It is further found that promotional efforts in Japan do not differ greatly from how they promote their companies in Australia. The most important difference in this industry, however, is the power of the Japanese inbound wholesalers or travel agents (the trade), which highly determines promotional efforts. Such relationships are vital, as the Japanese still book their holiday trough traditional channels. Hence, the most effective promotional tool is found to be wholesalers travel brochures. The power of the trade renders Internet promotion less important, as companies are advised to make use of the wholesalers’ more sophisticated websites. Moreover, publicity is found to be essential promotional tool, including celebrity endorsement, travel TV programs, travel books, and piggybacking on local events. Finally, great benefits can be gained by participating in intra-destination collaboration. When it comes to similarities and differences between small and large tourism companies’ promotion on the Japanese market, it is found that these differences are not as large as we had expected much due to the importance of the trade. Key Words: Tourism Marketing, Japan, Japanese tourists, Japanese travel patterns, culture, promotion, trade relationships, collaboration

The implementation of the Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) has expanded trade opportunities for U.S. agricultural producers. U.S. beef is a critical product affected by the legislation, and the United States Meat Export Federation (USMEF) invested in a new product promotion program to increase exports of U.S. beef to Guatemala. The consumer responsiveness and effectiveness of the U.S. branded beef promotion program are analyzed in this study. Demand responses to promotion activities that launched three new U.S. beef value cuts in Guatemala’s Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional (HRI) sector were estimated by applying the Parks Model of Generalized Least Squares regression to pooled, time-series and cross sectional data. Results show a negative relationship between own price and sales quantity, while the effect of advertising on quantity sold is positive. Demand for the U.S. beef value cuts increased as a result of the promotion, although the costs of the promotion program exceeded the additional revenue generated as a result of promotion activities.

Promotion features the functions of screening talents and rewarding employees and is very influential to an organization or a person¡¦s future development. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the factors considered in promoting subordinates, identify the constraints of superiors¡¦ decisions, and construct the process of how superiors make promotion decisions. In-depth interview was adopted in this study. The roles involved in a promotion case, including the superior, the subordinate to be promoted, and colleagues of the promoted subordinate were respectively interviewed to collect success factors considered from various perspectives. By purposive sampling, 30 people in 10 groups serving in general industries and non-profit organizations were interviewed. Through an analysis of the critical behavioral events, a total of 215 behavioral events were collected and the success factors of promotion were divided into 3 constructs and 7 concepts. The 3 constructs were professional performance (professional knowledge and performance appraisal), capabilities (work capability, work behavior, and interpersonal communication), and personality trait (personal traits and human capital). Employees equipped with these conditions could present better performance, form positive interactions and trust with superiors, and meet the requirement of promotion determined by superiors. However, affected by the imminence of filling up a vacancy and diversity of vacant positions, superiors would be subject to 4 types of decision constraints. Based on the conditions that employees acquired, interactive behaviors between subordinates and superiors, and types of decision constraints, a dynamic model of how superiors select subordinates for promotion was proposed.

Abstract This research has aimed to explore the promotion motive model for officers promoted from operators of the state-owned power company. This researcher had interviewed the electric power maintain operators, and employed the open up method. According to expectancy theory (Vroom,1964) and equity theory (Adams,1965), the research analyzes the interviewing data by grounded theory: In the process of open Coding & Axial Coding & Selective Coding. These have set up a model of promotion motive that as officers promoted from operators. This researcher had been interviewed to 10 electric power maintain operators who stay in different Taiwan¡¦s cities. This research had analyzed interviewing data by grounded theory. Firstly, it had got 200 in vivo codes in the process of open coding, and then integrated the concepts within 21 categories in the process of axial coding, finally, it was sorting these 5 central categories which separated includes ¡§To fulfill base demands¡¨ , ¡§Intermediary impact¡¨ , ¡§Fair or fairness¡¨ , ¡§self-cognition¡¨ , ¡§self-satisfies¡¨. According to the relationship of these categories in this research that to build-up a model of promotion motive as officers promoted from operators. As the conclusion, this researcher has compared the both of expectancy theory (Vroom,1964) and equity theory (Adams,1965), moreover, it has also addressed a suggestion of the specify approach for continuing research in further.

The effect of employee retention to corporate, it can be easily reflected by lower the rate of turnover. The higher turnover rate will cause the damage of corporate, so how to retain employee properly becomes the important topic for corporate. Some employees will choose to leave the damage company but some will choose to stay. The study is focus on the employees of damage company, according to the promotion and advanced study opportunity divided into four types: Own promotion & Own advanced study opportunity, No promotion & No advanced study opportunity, Own promotion & No advanced study opportunity, No promotion & Own advanced study opportunity. By using the interview method to discuss the main retention reasons of employees. The result finds out the prefer ranking of the four types are:Own promotion & No advanced study , No promotion & No advanced study ,Own promotion & Own advanced study , No promotion & Own advanced study. The two types within the four categories are needed to deeply discuss, the reason conclude as below: 1.Own promotion & No advanced study:(1)Has good communication with supervisor (2)Excellent of work performance (3)Already owned high education background (ex. Master). 2.No promotion & Own advanced study:(1)The major has no relation with work (2) No promotion vacancy (3)Bad communication with supervisor (4)Worse of work performance (5)No convinced from colleagues.

Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Droit--Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. Titre de soutenance : Les contrats spéciaux de la promotion immobilière : essai d'une théorie générale. / Bibliogr. p. 465-527. Index.

Texte remanié: Thèse de doctorat--Droit--Liège, 2008. / Bibliogr. p. 721-802. Index.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 328-359).

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains have spread in Saudi Arabia, increasing morbidity, mortality, and financial burdens. Recent studies have suggested the phenotyping methods typically used to classify MRSA as either health care MRSA (HA-MRSA) or community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) cases are unreliable, because they lack concordance with the results of genotyping. Yet the expense associated with genotyping precludes its use in the Saudi Aramco population in Saudi Arabia. The absence of a standardized and affordable method to classify MRSA into CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA has been a challenge for infection control programs in Saudi Arabia. The objective of this quantitative, secondary data analysis was to determine the most reliable phenotyping approach to strain identification using John Hopkins Aramco hospital data. The ecological and antibiotics selection pressure theories framed this research. The results of concordance, and sensitivity and specificity tests, suggested hospital admission profiles and susceptibility pattern were the most reliable phenotypic predictors of genotype-based classifications. Multiple logistic regression for susceptibility pattern (OR = 15.47, p < .001) and hospital admission profile (OR = 2.87, p = .008) confirmed those results, whereas all other variables were not found to be statistically significant. These results can be used to clarify the epidemiological and molecular factors that affect the transition of MRSA from health care facilities to the Saudi Aramco community. Implications for positive social change include faster and more reliable classification of MRSA to aid in disease surveillance and the selection of appropriate treatments to reduce MRSA-related morbidity and mortality.