One of the factors that maintains fruit quality is its microbial flora. Fruit holds a natural non-pathogenic epiphytic microflora but can become contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms during export, causing either postharvest decay or possibly resulting in a food safety risk. In order to study microbial dynamics on fruit surfaces and the environment fruit moves through in the export chain, fruit washings were made, surfaces were sampled and total populations and diversities determined per cm2. Hygiene and safety levels for fruit export environments were hereby determined by sampling various points along the apple export chain, which included two farms and a harbour in South Africa and two harbours, two repacking facilities and two retail centres in Europe. In this first study of its kind, all the surfaces that were sampled exceeded the international standard for cleaning efficacy of food-processing equipment that is <5 cfu/cm2, while several areas exceeded the maximum acceptable index level of microbial air contamination of 22 cfu/h in food industries. Washing of containers on a harbour in South Africa did not have a significant impact on microbial populations. Regarding fruit quality, it was determined that apple microflora fluctuate throughout the export process and that postharvest pathogens that are known to cause great economic losses in the apple industry, proved to be of little significance in this investigation. The presence of six foodborne pathogens i.e. Shigella sonnei, Salmonella muenchen, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidi/s was monitored throughout the chain. Of these, only S. aureus and E. coli were recorded, although pathogenicity was not confirmed for the latter. Staphylococcus aureus was found in containers and at a retail centre in Europe, and S. aureus and S. epidermidis were recorded on apple surfaces for the first time. Escherichia coli was present in great numbers in fruit washing water on a farm in South Africa. Since the standard for food premises is very stringent and perhaps inapplicable for fresh fruit handling and holding facilities, future research should include development of a more realistic hygiene standard for fresh fruit environments. / Dissertation (MSc(Agric) : Plant Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / unrestricted

This thesis contains literary research of horticultural exhibitions. It discusses its development and influence on the society of studied age and the reference for contemporary garden architectural creation. It also presents a graphical summary of the main milestones of development of garden architecture and contains a list of all horticultural exhibitions found in the archives. In the selected model area – Výstaviště Flora Olomouc, a.s., the author of the work performed a critical analysis of the space and designed a garden architectural study of the horticultural exhibition. This study was done, with the help of the author's team composed of author of the thesis, supervisor of the thesis, Bc. Nina Loderová and the management of the exhibition grounds Flora Olomouc, a.s and the study was successfully realized, named as "Rozkvetlá léta". As part of the discussion, the author opens a debate about the experience gained during the design and implementation of the exhibition. Experience gained primary from consultations with the management of Výstaviště Flora Olomouc, a.s. and participation on author supervision, where, together with the person of the chief technical supervision department, we coordinated the implementation of the proposed artistic intent.

Estudio florístico acerca del fenómeno global de las invasiones biológicas en la provincia de Alicante, siendo el primer trabajo de estas características que trata de forma concreta las especies invasoras en la flora provincial; centrado fundamentalmente en la comarca de l’Alacantí, un territorio altamente alterado que alberga una variada representación de elementos florísticos exóticos que se instalan y prosperan entre la vegetación típica alicantina. Se han obtenido datos sobre presencia, distribución y grado de naturalización de la flora vascular alóctona; valorando el grado de naturalización de los distintos táxones en la comarca. Se ha confeccionado un catálogo de la flora alóctona naturalizada, valorando la problemática e incidencia del fenómeno de las plantas invasoras en el ámbito comarcal; abriendo nuevas líneas de investigación en relación al estudio de la flora alóctona naturalizada e invasora en el territorio y estableciendo prioridades de actuación en relación al control de esta flora exótica.

Som moderna människor lever vi idag i ett samhälle med högt tempo, en digital livsstil och ständig uppkoppling som leder till en ohälsosam livsstil. En högpresterande kultur där den digitala världen har en stor plats i våra liv med ett konstant flöde av händelser och information, en parallell värld som aldrig vilar. I en storstad som Stockholm samsas många funktioner på samma yta och innefattar en miljö med många intryck och signaler för oss som människor att förhålla sig till och för vår hjärna att sortera. Behovet av att finna en lugn tillvaro och en paus i vardagen för rekreation och återhämtning är stor. I mitt examensarbete har jag jobbat med dessa frågor som problematik och utgångspunkt. Visionen har varit att skapa en plats i förebyggande syfte för denna problematik, och genom det skapa en plats för kontemplation. Detta har resulterat i en i form av modern stadspark och kontemplativt rum ett av Stockholms mest centrala och trafikerade stadsrum, Brunkebergstorg, där de arkitektoniska greppen och upplevelsen genom våra sinnen av den gestaltade miljön har används som ett distraherande gestaltningsgrepp. / In todays society, we live live in a stressful environment with a high pace, with a digitalism that leads to an unhealthy lifestyle. A world where performance and high results is used as a high status symbol, we live with a parallel digital world with constant flow of information that never rests. In a capital city like Stockholm, many functions and gatherings of people are taking place in the same area wich results in a lot of information and signals for our minds to process. The need for recreation and break in the everyday -life is greater than ever before.  In my thesis, I have worked with these issues and problems and starting point. The main goal has been to create a space to prevent these issues and furthermore create a place aimed for contemplation. As a result, my design takes form as a modern citypark in one of Stockholms most busy parts of the city, Brunkebergstorg. A contemplative space where the experience through our senses has been used as a distaction of our minds.

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