This dissertation is an account of an internship in paper conservation undertaken at the Auckland City Art Gallery during the period July 1982 to March 1983. It opens with a description of the organisation and functions of the gallery, with particular reference to its management, staffing, financing, displays and acquisition procedures. This is followed, in Part 2, by a general account of the conservation department, its history, staffing, laboratory and tasks. Part 3 details all the conservation work undertaken during the period of internship. It describes the various techniques and procedures employed and the results achieved or observed. It contains a list of 119 objects treated followed by 26 case studies to illustrate the problems encountered and the action taken. It also includes a list of the equipment and materials used. Set out in Part 4 are details of conservation laboratories visited in Wellington. Part 5, after a brief description of conservation services in Christchurch and Dunedin, details the activities of the Interim Committee for the Conservation of Cultural Property and the principal recommendations contained in a report submitted by Dr Nathan Stolow, a conservation consultant engaged by the Interim Committee. This is followed by a report on the New Zealand Conservators' Meeting which took place in Wellington in March 1983.

This dissertation describes the work carried out by me in the Preservation Services Branch of the National Library of Australia during the period 1983 to early 1984. Conservation activities at the Library are organised in three broad categories, with the following goals: . preparation for exhibitions . ongoing full conservation of the Library collections, in a staged process . methods development and materials investigation. The internship program was devised to allow time to be spent in each of these three areas. The amount of time spent in each area roughly reflected the allocation of conservation staff resources to each section at that time. In the exhibitions program, objects were prepared for display at the National Gallery of Australia. These included watercolours and hand-coloured prints. Under the ongoing conservation program, a wide range of paper objects were treated. Objects from the Library's Special Collections are treated in order of priority determined by Librarian staff. Works treated included newspapers, both bound and unbound, movie posters, and magazines. Work in the third area involved both routine testing method's of conservation materials, involvement in a phase preservation project, and investigations into new methods of preventive conservation.

<p>Coated solid bleached board belongs to the top-segment of paperboards. One important property of paperboard is the printability. In this diploma work a specific print defect, oriented mottle, has been studied in association with Iggesund Paperboard. The objectives of the work were to develop a method for analysis of the dark and light areas of oriented mottle, to analyse these areas, and to clarify the effect from the print, coating and paperboard surface related factors. This would clarify the origin of oriented mottle and predict oriented mottle on unprinted paperboard. The objectives were fulfilled by analysing the areas between the dark halftone dots, the amount of coating and the ink penetration, the micro roughness and the topography. The analysis of the areas between the dark halftone dots was performed on several samples and the results were compared regarding different properties. The other methods were only applied on a limited selection of samples. The results from the study showed that the intensity differences between the dark halftone dots were enhanced in the dark areas, the coating amount was lower in the dark areas and the ink did not penetrate into the paperboard. The other results showed that areas with high transmission corresponded to dark areas, smoother micro roughness, lower coating amount and high topography. A combination of the information from these properties might be used to predict oriented mottle. The oriented mottle is probably an optical phenomenon in half tone prints, and originates from variations in the coating and other paperboard properties.</p>

<p>The potential for electronic media in the newspaper business is interesting. </p><p>The research about electronic media will bring demands on new thinking in </p><p>developing new value, income generating services and related business models. An </p><p>example of electronic media is electronic paper. This paper explores the added value </p><p>and payment methods for the e-paper. We have conducted future workshops with our </p><p>target group the reader. On the basis of future workshops this paper shows that </p><p>interaction, individualization, improved selection and content, environment friendly </p><p>and saving capabilities are necessities for the e-paper to be successful. We suggest </p><p>that the e-paper must be more than just an online newspaper for people to buy it.</p>

<p>För att skaffa sig en uppfattning om det framtida servicebehovet av sym- och sugvalsar har antalet valsar som Metso Paper AB tillverkat tagits fram ur en databas. De övriga valstyperna som t.ex. tambourvalsar anses vara konstanta. Ur databasen har specifik information om valsarna tagits fram som t.ex. tillverkningsår och valstyp. Därefter har olika diagram skapats, vilket har lett till att det framtida servicebehovet av sym- och sugvalsar går att se, då servicerekommendationen från Metso Paper är på 8 års- respektive 4 årsintervall för de två valstyperna. Den här informationen har legat som grund för arbetets senare del då årsbasisen för 2013 tagits fram.</p><p>Idag sker fyra huvudverksamheter i skepp 17 nämligen; slipning, montage, provkörning och valslagring. Alla dessa kräver användning av kranen, dessutom kommer transporter in och ut från verkstaden med valsar och då krävs också användning av traversen. Slipmaskinen har dock förtur på denna kran då den har dyrast ställtidskostnader och körs med femskift, vilket inte är fallet för övrig verksamhet. Övrig verksamhet är inte beroende av slipmaskinen då detta är en separat verksamhet, men eftersom denna har förtur på traversen så blir övrig verksamhet lidande indirekt av detta.</p><p>Metso Paper Karlstad har idag tre valsverkstäder (skepp 16, 17 och 18) som används för service av valsar till pappersbruk i Sverige och Norge. De senaste åren har behovet av sådan service ökat och därmed har utrymmesbehovet blivit ett problem i dessa valsverkstäder. Planeringen för de tre verkstäderna är inte den bästa, då nästan all verksamhet finns i en av verkstäderna (skepp 17). Dock har detta sin grund i att bara denna lokal har den krankapacitet som krävs för de tyngre valsarna. I egenskap av utrymmesbehovet är uppgiften med det här arbetet att utreda två alternativ för en bättre fungerande valsverkstad.</p><p>För att kunna dimensionera de två nya förslagen har ytorna för montage/lagring beräknats. För de här beräkningarna har information som den genomsnittliga ytan en vals kräver och liggtiden vid montering/lagring tagits fram. Ett belastningsdiagram har även skapats för att se hur belastningen varierar i valsverkstaden.</p><p>Det första förslaget som lagts fram över valsverkstaden innehåller bara en nyinvestering av en travers på 2x50 ton. Flytt av två valssvarvar har gjorts vilket skapat en ny montageyta.</p><p>Det andra förslaget innehåller även en utbyggnad av skepp 17 och 18 på vardera 10 meter. Det här innebär att ännu större montage/lagringsytor skapas. Då belastningen varierar över året kommer det här förslaget att kunna klara de mest påfrestande månaderna, vilket troligtvis inte förslag ett gör.</p><p>Genom att flytta de båda valssvarvarna i förslagen kan företaget också avveckla sin verksamhet från skepp 16. Det här kommer att innebära en smidigare produktionsprocess i valsverkstaden.</p> / <p>In order to get a perception of the future service need for sym- and suction rolls the number of rollers that has been manufactured by Metso Paper were taken from a data base. The other roller types, for instance tambour rollers, are regarded to be unchanged. Specific information about the rollers, for instance manufacturing year and roller type has been taken from the data base. A number of diagrams has then been compiled, where the future service need for sym- and suction rolls as the service recommendation by Metso Paper for these type of rollers is eight and four year intervals. This information has been the foundation of the later part of this project when the year basis for the year 2013 was made.</p><p>As of today there are four main activities in ship 17; grinding, assembly, testing and roller storing. All these activities require crane use and in addition to this the transports in to and out of the workshop also requires use of the overhead crane. The grinding machine is the main priority for this crane, as the grinding machine is the most expensive one and is run in five shifts, unlike other activity. The other activities are not dependant on the grinding machine as this is a separate operation, but since the grinding machine is the main priority for the overhead crane the other activities will be affected by it.</p><p>Metso Paper Karlstad has three roller workshops (ship 16, 17 and 18) which are used to service rollers for paper mills in Sweden and in Norway. In the most recent years the need of such services has increased and the space need has become a problem in these roller workshops. The layout of the roller workshops has not been the best, as almost all of the activity is located in one of the roller workshops (number 17). This is due to the fact that this roller workshop is the only one with the crane capacity required by the heavier rollers. The purpose of this project is to examine two options in order to get the roller workshops better functioning.</p><p>In order to estimate the two new proposals the surfaces for storing and assembly were calculated. Information such as the average surface required by a roller and the time passed in storing/assembly was measured. A work load diagram has been compiled in order to see the variation of work load in the roller workshops.</p><p>The first proposal presented merely contains one new investment, a new overhead crane with the capacity of 2x50 tons. The moving of two roller lathes creates a new assembling surface.</p><p>The second proposal contains an expansion of 10 meters to ship 17 and 18. This means there will be even larger surfaces for assembling and storing. As the work load varies over the year, this proposal has the capacity to handle even the most intense months, unlike proposal number one.</p><p>By moving the two roller lathes in both the proposals it is possible to terminate the activity in ship 16, which means a more convenient production process in the roller workshop.</p>

Fume, sub-micron aerosal particles in the combustion gases, have been identified as a cause of extensive plugging and fouling in the heat transfer section of a kraft recovery boiler in kraft pulp mills. After the deposition on the heat transfer surface, fume deposits will undergo the sintering process which causes densification and hardening, making them hard to remove. There has been relatively little information available on the kinetics of the sintering of fume particles, and no information on the modeling of the sintering process of this particular material. No conclusion about the effect of chloride species on the sintering of fume particles has been made. A series of sintering tests in air at various temperatures were conducted using dense pellets made from a specific fume dust which contains a low amount of chlorides. Each pellet was heated at a constant temperature, ranging from 300��C to 550��C, for a different time interval. By the study of the microstructural change of each sintered specimen, the initial stage, intermediate stage, and final stage of sintering were identified. By the presence of an empirical constant K���, the relative linear shrinkage data in the initial stage sintering fit well with the model proposed by Kingery and Berg��� when volume diffusion is the controlling mechanism. By the presence of an empirical constant K2 and the application of grain growth data, the porosity-time data in the intermediate stage sintering fit well with the model proposed by Coble����� when volume diffusion is the controlling mechanism. The apparent activation energy obtained from the initial stage sintering is equal to 54.5 �� 27.7 kcal/mol which is in good agreement with the apparent activation energy obtained from the intermediate stage sintering which is equal to 56.0 �� 31.3 kcal/mol. A semi-empirical model for the sintering process of this particular well-packed fume dust was formulated. The model does not apply well to the loosely packed fume dust due to some unidentified factors The same experiment was carried out for the other fume dust which contains a high amount of chloride. By the use of the fractional density, the qualitative comparison of the sintering of the low chloride and high chloride dusts was made. At low temperatures, the sintering rate of the high chloride fume dust is lower than that of the low chloride fume dust. At high temperatures, both dusts have the same sintering rate and can sinter close to the theoretical density. It is postulated here that the retarded grain growth rate for the high chloride dust can improve the densification process in the intermediate stage sintering. / Graduation date: 1996

The design of a pop-up book or card has hitherto been labour intensive with tasks of trials and errors. The constructions of collapsible pop-up structures can be demanding and inefficient without adequate knowledge of their geometric properties. This paper examines the properties of creases in 90° pop-up structures. A 90° pop-up structure is one that erects fully when two adjacent base pages, on which it sits, are opened to a right angle. In particular, we define a boundary region for creating 90° pop-ups. Similarly, paper folds are able to achieve pop-up effects and can be integrated with 90° pop-up constructions. The development of these pop-up structures can be represented graphically. Through this study, a fundamental foundation for pop-up topology and geometry is built. This foundation would be vital for understanding the applications of pop-up making techniques. The mathematical relationships devised would be useful for developing computer-enhanced pop-up design. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

The Pigeon River was severely impacted beginning in the early 1900s by a paper mill located in Canton, North Carolina. The mill discharged chemical byproducts into the Pigeon River until 1992 when the paper mill modified their processes. As a result, water quality improved but the status of salamander species in the Pigeon River was unknown. Worldwide amphibian declines over the last 20 years have drawn attention to the need for more research and a better understanding of species-specific habitat relationships. There is concern about amphibian population declines because amphibians are critical to the balance of ecosystems and are considered exceptional indicators of environmental health. The objectives of this study were: 1) to conduct a baseline survey of salamander species composition in the Pigeon River watershed, 2) to determine if salamander populations differ above and below the Canton paper mill, and 3) to attempt to explain variance in salamander abundance, richness and diversity by comparing water quality and substrate characteristics among streams. Eight stations were examined on the Pigeon River, with four stations located above the paper mill and four stations below. We also chose three stations on each of four tributaries, Big Creek, Fines Creek, Jonathan Creek and Richland Creek. Snorkel surveys were completed in the summer of 2009. Five of eight species of stream salamanders were found that historically existed in Haywood County, NC: Eastern hellbender, Blue Ridge two-lined salamander, shovel-nosed salamander, black-bellied salamander and spring salamander. No salamanders were found in the main channel of the Pigeon River below the mill. Eastern hellbenders and Blue Ridge two-lined salamanders preferred substrates consisting of rubble and avoided bedrock. Percent rubble was the only variable retained in substrate models and was positively related to salamander abundance, richness and diversity. Conductivity, salinity, and water temperature were higher in the Pigeon River below the mill than at all other sites. Salamander abundance was explained by dissolved oxygen, pH, and stream width in water quality models. The results of this study suggest salamander abundance was negatively associated with the Pigeon River below the mill because of poor water quality and not habitat availability.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago Graduate School of Business, December 1997. / Includes bibliographical references.

Die vorliegende Arbeit ist im Schnittbereich zwischen Kunstgeschichte, Kunstwissenschaft und praktischer Anwendung im schulischen Umfeld angesiedelt. Thematischer Leitfaden ist die Verwendung von Papier als Werkstoff in der Bildenden Kunst. Im Wesentlichen gliedert sich die Arbeit in zwei thematische Blöcke, die aufeinander Bezug nehmen: 1. Kunsthistorische Bestandsaufnahme der Nutzung von Papier als Werkstoff in der Bildenden Kunst der Moderne 2. Entwicklung und Erprobung von Gestaltungsaufgaben mit Papier als Werkstoff im schulischen Bereich zu 1 - Kunsthistorische Bestandsaufnahme Im ersten Teil erfolgt die Inventarisierung der verschiedenen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und Konzepte der Verwendung von Papier in der Kunst der Moderne. Diese Analyse ermöglicht einen Blick auf die Bildende Kunst des 20./21. Jahrhunderts im Zusammenhang mit dem Werkstoff Papier. Dabei werden die innovativen konzeptionellen und gestalterischen Ansätze der Künstler deutlich, die das Papier als Werkstoff mit seinen materiellen Eigenschaften und Eigengesetzlichkeiten nutzen und so neu interpretieren. Die Folge ist eine sukzessive Erweiterung der Gestaltungskonzeptionen und der Palette der handwerklichen Verarbeitungstechniken. zu 2 - Papier als Werkstoff im schulischen Bereich Der zweite Teil der Arbeit befasst sich mit den gestalterischen Möglichkeiten für den Kunstunterricht, die sich aus der Bandbreite der in Teil 1 beschriebenen konzeptionellen und künstlerisch - technischen Ansätze ergeben. Entstanden ist ein umfangreiches Konvolut von Schülerarbeiten, teilweise mit innovativen konzeptionell - gestalterischen Ansätzen. Die Arbeiten gliedern sich in drei große Werkblöcke: 1. Collage 2. Papier und Raum 3. Papier als Farbe Abschließend werden unterschiedliche didaktische und methodische Vorgehensweisen vorgestellt, die sich aus den inhaltlichen, materialimmanenten und organisatorischen Ansätzen herleiten lassen. / This thesis is divided in two thematic blocs: 1. Historical inventory - use of paper as material in modern art 2. Development an trial of creative exercises with paper as material in school education 1 - Historical inventory The first part treats the inventory of paper and the different concepts of artistic and technical use in modern art. 2 - Paper as material for school education The second part works on the creative possibilities of the material paper in artistic education. Different technical and artistic conceptions are represented, devided in three thematic blocs: 1. Collage 2. Paper and space 3. Paper as colour At the end different didactic and methodical procedures are represented, which are derived from the different artistic and craft concepts.