This study focuses on the role and contribution of women in the context of the social and economic development of two towns in Hertfordshire during the nineteenth century. Although the age saw an increase in urbanisation, Hertfordshire remained an agricultural county with long established land owners, a middle class with influence in the towns and its closeness to London attracting the newly wealthy in search of a country estate. The towns selected for this study, Hertford and Hitchin, changed little in their character and, compared with others which experienced industrial expansion, saw a modest population growth. This, however, brought the consequential pressures on housing and poverty. This research is unique in combining the study of the activities of women and the challenges faced by two market towns over a period of time of change and thus making a contribution to the debate on the concept of “separate spheres” by demonstrating that women had a place in the public arena. The daily life of a country town was reliant on a thriving economic environment. As this research demonstrates, many women had trades and businesses, contributed to good causes and were central to the education of children and adults. Their philanthropic efforts supported the building and maintenance of churches, schools, and hospitals. It charts the role of ordinary women, operating in a small town environment, before extension of the suffrage and Equal Opportunities legislation established their position as legitimate influencers of policy and practice. Little work has been done on how the English small town coped with its growth in population and the summons from central government on compliance with an increasing body of legislation on how the town should be run. It was men who undertook the necessary offices associated with this seed of local government but a micro-history of the people who inhabited these two towns demonstrates that women made a significant contribution to social and economic life of these towns.

The purpose of the study was actually fourfold: first, to study the literature in the field of safety education with special reference to safety education in industrial arts programs concerning the present safety programs and safety standards as compared with those recommended by authorities in the field of safety; second, to visit each of the industrial arts programs and record information concerning the condition of the building and equipment and the use of these facilities; third; to compile the data for interpretation; and fourth, if an analysis of these data indicates a need for revision of the present safety programs, suggestions for improving the programs will be submitted to the supervisor of industrial arts and other administrators of the Fort Worth Public Schools.

This study was made to find the effects of noise on the human body, to measure sound levels that exist in school power laboratories, and to design and evaluate the effectiveness of two noise control devices. An accurately calibrated testing device was used to measure sound levels in an attempt to determine if excessive noise exists in school power laboratories and to find the extent to which such noise can be reduced by shielding or enclosing the engine test area. It was found that noise has undesirable physical and psychological effects on the human organism. Sixty-two and one-half per cent of the engines tested registered sound levels above 90 dBA; even so, simple, inexpensive noise control devices do control the noise levels generated in the school power laboratories.

Thesis (M. Tech. Dept. of Hospitality, Tourism and PR Management)--Vaal University of Technology, 2009. / Background: Approximately 45% of South Africans are overweight, including 20% of children under six years of age. Snack foods are now targeted in the food industry, globally, as an obesity prevention initiative, focusing on children to ensure the adoption of a healthy lifestyle from an early age. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional status and snack consumption patterns of children (n=290) 9 to 13 years old in the Vaal Region at two purposively selected primary schools in order to develop a healthy snack food item that will address obesity in children from a very young age. Methods: A baseline survey included a pre-tested questionnaire, administered by trained fieldworkers to determine snack food consumption patterns. Anthropometric measurements included weight and height. A snack food item was developed to meet certain criteria identified from the literature and baseline survey. The methods included: snack food development and preparation, chemical analyses to determine actual content, microbiological tests to determine shelf life and sensory analyses to determine acceptability. Study design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Data analyses: Data of the questionnnaires were captured and analysed for descriptive statistics (frequencies, means and standard deviations). The anthropometric data were captured and analysed using the World Health Organisation (WHO) standards for 2007. Results: The results showed that the children in the sample knew the meaning of healthy snacks, although the majority (66.8%) consumed unhealthy snacks, especially from school tuck shops. The top ten snack foods most commonly consumed daily were: coffee (48.3%), tea (46.1%), crispy chips (39.1%), fruit juice (38.0%), chicken (35.1%), fried potato chips (33.6%), carbonated drinks (26.9%), biscuits (26.2%), toffees (26.2%) and yoghurt (25.8%). The majority (56.8%) of the respondents indicated that they receive between R2 and R5 per week for tuck shop money, besides their monthly pocket money (64.6%). Most of the respondents (45.4%) spend their pocket money on snack food items and these are mainly consumed while watching television (36.9%) and when bored (29.5%). The anthropometric results indicated that 11.7% of the group were underweight, 12.1% of the group were stunted; in addition 20% were at risk of underweight, and 23.4% at risk of being stunted. A significantly higher percentage of girls (16.81) were stunted compared with the boys (5.0%). Also 7.6% of the group were overweight. More girls were overweight compared with boys. A snack food item was developed to address obesity in this region. The criteria met were that it was affordable, at cost of R0.55 per 30g portion, was low in fat and had high-density nutritional value, with at least 20% of the DRI for protein and iron, had a shelf life of 28 days and was generally acceptable to the majority of the respondents. Conclusion and recommendations: This study showed that obesity is becoming a problem amongst children in the Vaal Region. Although primary school children knew healthy snack foods, their behaviour indicated a large consumption of unhealthy snack foods. A low-fat, low-energy, low-cost and acceptable snack food item was successfully developed to address the obesity problem in the region. Further research is recommended where this snack food item is implemented in an intervention study to measure its impact on the nutritional status of obese primary school children. / National Research Foundation

The diploma thesis deals with e-shops and their websites. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the selected e-shops and their websites, activities of supervisory authorities in this area and creating suggestions for an improvement. The theoretical part explains basic terms connected to e-shops, history, legislation and supervisory authorities related to this area. In the practical part is conducted controlled in-depth interview with the employee of the Czech Trade Inspection. Moreover a questionnaire survey was carried out in order to examine the consumer's experiences with e-shops and their legal awareness. The thesis also contains evaluation of the selected e-shops and their websites and case study containing purchase from one selected e-shop. Based on the obtained information are suggested recommendation for the improvement.

Internet is a part of everyday life and most people are now used to shopping online. This in turn has led to the fact that companies with traditional stores lack knowledge of what their customers wants and their preferences about buying. Creating an understanding of what customers wants has always been the focus of business to maintain and create loyalty towards consumers. The purpose of the study is therefore to investigate which preferences determine loyalty within traditional stores and online stores.  The factors studied are pricequality, price awareness, service, time efficiency, trust and choice. These variables are the independent variables of the study which will be tested against the dependent variables which is loyalty in traditional stores and loyalty online. The study is limited to consumers who bought clothes last year. The design of the study is based on quantitative methodology were surveys have been the source of data collection. 187 people responded to the survey which has then been analyzed in SPSS using multivariate regression. The result of the study shows that the preferences regarding loyalty within traditional stores were service and pricequality. The results also show that the preferences regarding loyalty within online stores are service, time efficiency and trust. The study contributes to research by measuring which preferences affect loyalty when shopping in traditional stores and in online stores. By providing an understanding of which preferences determine loyalty within traditional stores and online stores, companies can understand why consumers are loyal and use the information to support strategical decisions within companies.

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This thesis is focused on the objective: How can the city's transport system and land use be coordinated and stakeholder collaboration be developed, to make the proportion of environmentally sustainable shopping trips increase? Trading and transportation in the town has been developed so that consumer’s traffic dependence has increased and the elderly, children and people without cars have got poorer accessibility to basic services. The consequences in terms of increased car use is negative for environmentally sustainable development. The premise of this thesis is three questions; What knowledge is there in Sweden and internationally on travel and shopping habits? What is the individual's behavior and what determines the choice of travel mode when doing purchasing trips? How does corporations and national, regional and local public agencies coordinate their decision-making? The aim of the thesis is to analyze and discuss how trade and the transportation system can be coordinated and developed to contribute to attractive and environmentally sustainable trade structures. Given this aim it was an important focus of the thesis to study and analyze how the forms of collaboration between stakeholders can be developed A review and analysis is made of the theoretical and practical aspects of individuals' behavior and how collaboration in decision-making can be developed and enhanced. The driving forces behind the emergence of today's trading structures are analyzed as well as their ability to influence society's conditions for increased durability. The state of knowledge is reported when it comes to travel- and purchasing-habits in Sweden and internationally, as well as the observed and projected impacts on traffic and the development of sustainability. Case studies from semi-central business establishments in Nacka, Falun and Umeå with 578 interviews of consumers and nine interviews with stakeholders handling trade in the case study locations, is reported. Results from a Web Panel with 1 839 web interviews with the same issues as in the case studies, but across the country, is described. The final chapters discusses the three questions and the objective and in the final discussion is the most important points highlighted regarding the development of trade in a sustainable and attractive city. A methodology for creating a sustainable trade policy in a municipality as well as a detailed account of the current state description, case studies and web-based survey is reported in the appendices. / <p>QC 20151002</p>

Thesis (M. Tech.: Marketing)-Dept. of Marketing, Durban University of Technology, 2006 xiii, 153 leaves / Many people have used the term “charity shop” without having a clear understanding of it, even although there are numerous articles and a previous research survey about charity shops in the UK, Canada and Australia. It seems that no research has been done in South Africa on this particular topic. Also, the confusion that surrounds consumer perceptions of charity shops highlights the need for marketers to conduct more research on this particular area. The following study was conducted within the South African marketplace, specifically in four Durban areas, using quantitative research methods. The main objective of the research was to determine consumer perceptions of charity shops in the Durban area and the factors influencing these perceptions.

Šis darbas skirtas prekių surinkimo iš skirtingų internetinių parduotuvių į sistemą sprendimo paieškai. Darbo metu siekta realizuoti internetinę svetainę, kurioje būtų galima registruoti elektronines parduotuves, nurodyti jų sugeneruotą prekių sąrašo failo nuorodą ir pagal failo prekių informaciją automatiškai importuoti jas į sistemos duomenų bazę. Darbo metu sukurtas 3 žingsnių parduotuvių registravimo vedlys, jų prekių importavimo mechanizmas, paremtas XML failų nuskaitymu, portalo ir parduotuvių administravimo sistemos. Atlikus įvairius testavimus nustatyta, kad sukurti sprendimai veikia kaip numatyta, bei kad portalas tinkamas naudojimui. / This work is dedicated to finding solution of how to import eshops products into the system. During the time of work the goal was to implement a website, in which you could register eshops, provide an URL of generated file and using file‘s products information automatically import them into system‘s database. During the time of work there has been created a 3 steps e-shops registration guide, their products import solution, which is based on loading XML files, website‘s and e-shops administration systems. After conducting various tests, it has been proven, that created solutions operate as supposed to and that website is suitable for use.