The countermovement shrug is a dynamic total body exercise allowing an athlete to become more efficient at producing force. The exercise provides an overload stimulus through utilizing the stretch-shortening cycle. This movement teaches the double knee bend and may improve extension at the top of the second pull for the clean and the snatch. This exercise can be used throughout the training year. This column provides a detailed description and figures of the proper exercise technique for a countermovement shrug.

Syfte. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det fanns något samband samt skillnad mellan högskolestudenters och universitetsstudenters fysiska aktivitet och stress mellan vanliga studieperioder (period 1) och studieperioder med tentor (period 2). Studien granskade även om det förelåg ett samband mellan stress och fysisk aktivitet för kvinnor och om det fanns samband mellan stress och fysisk aktivitet hos män. Hypotesen var att högre upplevd stress  skulle leda till lägre fysisk aktivitet och att deltagarna skattade högre stressnivå under period 2 som resulterade i lägre fysisk aktivitet. Hypotesen var också att det förekom en skillnad i upplevd stress mellan könen.    Metod. I studien så användes en subjektiv, kvantitativ metod med elektroniska enkäter som skickades ut till 20 stycken olika högskolor och universitet samt delades vidare via sociala medier, vänner och bekanta. Enkäten var konstruerad i tre olika delar. Första delen innehöll allmänna frågor om studiepopulationen. De andra två delarna (period 1 och period 2) bestod av frågor om fysiska aktivitetsvanor och upplevd stress. Fysisk aktivitet skattades genom fem frågor från enkäten GIH:s-hälsotest. För att mäta stress användes Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Frågorna var utformade med skalor från lägst till högst. Frågorna som användes upprepades för period 1 och period 2 i enkäten, så att en jämförelse kunde analyseras mellan perioderna. Det vill säga att samma frågor besvarades två gånger men vid ett tillfälle.  Resultat. Totalt utförde 54 deltagare enkäten varav 43 var kvinnor och 11 var män. Genomsnittsåldern var ≈ 30 år. Analyserna visade inget signifikant samband mellan stress och fysisk aktivitet för varken P1 eller P2 eller uppdelat mellan kvinnor och män. Däremot fanns en indikation på ett icke-signifikant negativt samband vilket visade på en riktning att när stressen ökade så minskade den fysiska aktiviteten och nivån av stillasittandet steg. Det var signifikanta skillnader mellan de två perioderna, där det visades att medelvärdena i stress (p= <0.001) och stillasittande (p= <0.001) ökade och fysisk aktivitet minskade (p= 0.002 - 0.017) under period 2 (närliggande tenta). Under period 1 visade ett signifikant värde (p =0.021) att kvinnorna (17,5土7,1) skattade högre stress än männen (11,7土7,5) och att kvinnorna (5.3土2.5) skattade lägre måttlig FA än männen (5.4土2.9). Slutsats. Inga signifikanta samband kunde urskiljas. Däremot visade resultatet en ökad stressnivå hos studenterna under period 2 (närliggande tenta) jämfört med period 1. Förslagsvis bör skolor påbörja med insatser som kan minska stressnivån hos studenter vid närliggande tenta. Högskolor och universitet kan även undervisa i fysisk aktivitet och dess hälsofördelar.

Guppy, SN, Brady, CJ, Kotani, Y, Stone, MH, Medic, N, and Haff, GG. Effect of altering body posture and barbell position on the within-session reliability and magnitude of force-time curve characteristics in the isometric midthigh pull. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3252-3262, 2019-A large degree of variation in the position used during isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) testing and conflicting results of the effects of these changes can be found in the literature. This study investigated the effect of altering body posture and barbell position on the reliability and magnitude of force-time characteristics generated during the IMTP. Seventeen strength-power athletes (n = 11 males, height: 177.5 ± 7.0 cm, body mass: 90.0 ± 14.1 kg, age: 30.6 ± 10.4 years; n = 6 females, height: 165.8 ± 11.4 cm; body mass: 66.4 ± 13.9 kg, age: 30.8 ± 8.7 years) with greater than 6 months of training experience in the clean (1 repetition maximum: 118.5 ± 20.6 kg, 77.5 ± 10.4 kg) volunteered to undertake the experimental protocol. Subjects performed the IMTP using 4 combinations of hip and knee angles, and 2 different barbell positions. The first barbell position corresponded to the second pull of the clean, while the second rested at the midpoint between the iliac crest and the patella. Peak force (PF), time-specific force (F50, F90, F150, F200, and F250), peak rate of force development (pRFD), and impulse (IMP) time bands were reliable in all 4 testing positions examined. Statistically greater PF, F50, F90, F150, F200, F250, pRFD, and IMP0-50, IMP0-90, IMP0-150, and IMP0-200 were generated in a testing position corresponding to the second pull of the clean when compared with a bent over torso angle, regardless of the barbell position used. Moderate to large effect sizes favoring a testing position corresponding to the second pull were also found. Overall, when performing the IMTP, an upright torso and a barbell position that matches the second pull of the clean should be used.

Wetmore, A, Wagle, JP, Sams, ML, Taber, CB, DeWeese, BH, Sato, K, and Stone, MH. Cluster set loading in the back squat: Kinetic and kinematic implications. J Strength Cond Res 33(7S): S19-S25, 2019-As athletes become well trained, they require greater stimuli and variation to force adaptation. One means of adding additional variation is the use of cluster loading. Cluster loading involves introducing interrepetition rest during a set, which in theory may allow athletes to train at higher absolute intensities for the same volume. The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic and kinematic implications of cluster loading as a resistance training programming tactic compared with traditional loading (TL). Eleven resistance-trained men (age = 26.75 ± 3.98 years, height = 181.36 ± 5.96 cm, body mass = 89.83 ± 10.66 kg, and relative squat strength = 1.84 ± 0.34) were recruited for this study. Each subject completed 2 testing sessions consisting of 3 sets of 5 back squats at 80% of their 1 repetition maximum with 3 minutes of interset rest. Cluster loading included 30 seconds of interrepetition rest with 3 minutes of interset rest. All testing was performed on dual-force plates sampling at 1,000 Hz, and the barbell was connected to 4 linear position transducers sampling at 1,000 Hz. Both conditions had similar values for peak force, concentric average force, and eccentric average force (p = 0.25, effect size (ES) = 0.09, p = 0.25, ES = 0.09, and p = 0.60, ES = 0.04, respectively). Cluster loading had significantly higher peak power (PP) (p < 0.001, ES = 0.77), peak and average velocities (p < 0.001, ES = 0.77, and p < 0.001, ES = 0.81, respectively), lower times to PP and velocity (p < 0.001, ES = -0.68, and p < 0.001, ES = -0.68, respectively) as well as greater maintenance of time to PP (p < 0.001, ES = 1.57). These results suggest that cluster loading may be superior to TL when maintaining power output and time point variables is the desired outcome of training.

The edTPA is becoming an increasingly popular assessment in educator preparation programs across the United States. While there are many official support documents available for navigating the completion of the edTPA, there is abundant discussion and collaboration between those who work with teacher candidates to find strategies for successful submission of the assessment. The purpose of this article is to outline the basics of the physical education edTPA assessment and to provide strategies to both teacher candidates and the faculty who work with them to effectively navigate the edTPA process.

This research examines the competitive balance of the CSL since its formation using two popular within-season balance measures. Findings show that balance has been more volatile since league reorganization, but is neither consistently more nor less balanced. Furthermore, we question whether it is coincidental that the CSL was most balanced across all teams in the seasons immediately following its establishment and reorganization, hypothesizing that the traditional Chinese cultural value of harmony may be the root cause. Simple comparisons of win concentrations of top Chinese and UEFA teams do not suggest league imbalance. Given Chinese fan penchant for national team games, we propose that (contrary to the UOH) league interest could potentially be increased by greater imbalance skewed toward the top teams.

No description available.

In addition to psychomotor and cognitive learning, social development is one of the three pillars of the national standards for physical education instruction. Though a plethora of research has exhibited the benefits social inclusion can have for students with and without disabilities, inclusion cannot be successful unless physical educators are deliberate, persistent, and continually reflective on the needs of students. The purpose of this paper is to outline the state of inclusion of students with disabilities in a general physical education classes and to highlight teacher behaviors and instructional techniques that promote social acceptance and inclusion for all students in physical education.

No description available.

Includes bibliographical references. / The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) has witnessed growing participation in the Games since its inception and has made strong efforts to collect comprehensive injury and illness data during the London 2012 Paralympics. Until now, no studies have comprehensively evaluated upper limb injuries at the Paralympic Games. To describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of upper limb injuries in athletes participating in the London 2012 Paralympic Games and identify the groups of athletes at risk. This study forms a component of the large prospective cohort study conducted over the 14-day period of the London 2012 Paralympic Games, coordinated through the IPC Medical Committee. Data were collected in two phases. Phase 1 involved the determination of the incidence and severity for 3,565 athletes (85% of the Paralympic athletes) from a collation of three data sources, providing 46,606 athlete days of data for analysis. Phase 2 involved the collection of more detailed medical data using a novel web-based surveillance system for 3,329 athletes participating in the study (80% of Paralympic athletes). Incidence proportion (IP) has been defined as the number of injuries per 100 athletes (%) during the study period. Incidence rate (IR) has been defined as the number of injuries per 1000 athlete days for the study period and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported in parentheses.