Zugl.: Hannover, Med. Hochsch., Diss., 2009.

Zugl.: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 2009

Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Univ., Diss., 2009.

Thesis (M.S.M.)--Regis University, Denver, Colo., 2006. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Apr. 7, 2006). Includes bibliographical references.

Bakgrund: Patienter som drabbas av svår sjukdom och vårdas på intensivvårdsavdelning upplever känslor av total förlust av kontroll, förstärkt av oförmågan att kommunicera. Att få kunskap, kontroll och inflytande över sin vård leder till mindre smärtlindring och kortare vårdtid. Patientcentrering i vården brister dock, vilket kan leda till ökade kostnader för såväl samhället som patienter. Syfte: Att identifiera och beskriva hinder mot empowerment till patienter inom intensivvård samt vilka möjligheter som finns för att överbrygga dessa hinder.  Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie analyserad i två steg med meta-syntes enligt Evans samt meta-aggregation, inspirerad av Joanna Briggs’ Institute. Resultat: Både hinder och lösningar för empowerment till intensivvårdspatienten finns på flera plan. Sjukdomen gör att patienten förlorar förmåga till empowerment, vårdmiljön känns skrämmande, vårdpersonal upplevs vara avvisande och brister i arbetsmiljön leder till sämre möjlighet till delaktighet. Specialistsjuksköterskan inom intensivvård behöver ge patienten indirekt delaktighet, förklara vårdmiljön, skapa en ömsesidig relation och uppmuntra delaktighet. Ett stödjande ledarskap och goda arbetsvillkor är andra nödvändiga förutsättningar för detta.  Slutsats: Genom en ökad medvetenhet om de hinder som finns för empowerment till intensivvårdspatienten kan specialistsjuksköterskor och arbetsgivare aktivt arbeta för att komma över hindren och istället stärka patientens möjligheter att bli en del av vårdteamet. / Background: To become critically ill and be cared for at an ICU involves feelings of total loss of control, reinforced by the inability to communicate. Gaining knowledge, control and influence over the nursing care results in reduced need for pain relief and shorter stay in hospital. Patient centered care is however lacking. This might incur a higher cost for society, as well as the patient in the form of suffering.Aim: To identify and describe barriers to patient empowerment in critical care and what means there are to overcome these barriers. Method: Systematic literature review, analysed in two steps with meta synthesis according to Evans and meta aggregation, inspired by the Joanna Briggs’ Institute. Results: Barriers as well as possibilities for patient empowerment in ICU were found on various levels. Being critically ill disables the patient from feeling or receiving empowerment, the nursing environment is frightening, staff is perceived as dismissive and working conditions impede patient participation. The specialist nurse in intensive care needs to give the patient indirect participation, explain the nursing environment, create a mutual relationship and encourage participation. Good working conditions and a supportive workplace leadership are also required.  Conclusion: By being aware of what the barriers to patient empowerment in the ICU are, specialist nurses and employers can actively engage in the work to overcome them, as well as engaging in the support of the patient to become part of the care team.

Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) is a transformative government policy of South Africa. It was developed to achieve several key outcomes which include; transferral of wealth and factors of production (capital, land, labour and entrepreneurship) to the previously disadvantaged black population; ensure the development of skills and employment equity; and to facilitate the development of a black middle class. This would manifest through both the transfer through ownership as well as creation of new enterprises by this new black middle class. A qualitative research method was adopted for this study to gain insights from relevant experts/participants or players in the BEE arena. These participants were beneficiaries, political commentators or financiers of BEE transactions. The research instruments included face-to-face in-depth recorded interviews with questionnaires to obtain the expert’s views on the issue of BEE and its impact on Wealth Creation in South Africa. The results obtained revealed that BEE has had no impact on Wealth Creation for the South African economy. However, individuals often those with political connections have made personal wealth through patronage. The view is that government implement complementary strategies for growth like an Industrial Policy supported by DFIs and other incentives. The ownership element of BEE must be done away with in favour of a focus on enterprise development, Affirmative Action and Skills Development. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) in the mining sector is dependent on regulatory imperatives and stakeholder interactions. Despite the regulatory drivers however, mining empowerment transactions, like any other financial transactions, must be based on sound economic and financial fundamentals so as to ensure their sustainability. The purpose of this research was to investigate the factors influencing financial structures in mining empowerment transactions in South Africa. BEE within the mining sector has been at the forefront of transformation and empowerment within the economy, however academic literature on the drivers or factors influencing mining empowerment transactions, their evolution and the roles played by mining stakeholders, is limited at best, hence the motivation behind the research. Exploratory research and qualitative analysis methodology were carried out in this research. Specifically, in-depth face-to-face interviews with eleven experts in the field of BEE transactions were performed. The results confirmed that: the financial vehicles available to BEE investors were dependent on the macro-environment of business; financier risk was a function of ineffectual deal structuring; the type and level of debt structuring was the key factor in financial structuring and greatly influenced the success of the deal; and, lastly, that joint ventures (JVs) were in essence strategic alliances to meet the fundamental objectives of mineral rights conversions and an increase of black capital in the economy, as opposed to partnerships based primarily on operational equality. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has become the main source of development capital for emerging markets in the current globalised world. Previous researches have found that fiscal incentives’ capability to attract FDI is very limited, while removal of policy restriction is a determinant in attracting FDI. At the same time, South Africa has embarked on a major transformation programme – Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment – which has as its main target the need to increase black people’s participation in the economy and to reduce socio-economic inequality. In this context, this research attempts to evaluate the impact of the Broad-Based BEE programme on South Africa’s capability to attract FDI. This quantitative research was done using quasi-experimental methodology, comparing FDI inflows into South Africa with that of other emerging countries of a similar level of development, such as Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Nigeria and Botswana, and against the African continent as a whole. The tests performed give an indication that Broad-Based BEE is indeed impacting on South Africa’s capability to attract FDI, and also that South Africa is losing competitiveness in attracting FDI on the continent. Since the results cannot be generalised nor prove a causal relationship, the main purpose of this research is to enrich the discussion of how to attract more FDI inflows into South Africa, possibly through adjusting the Broad-Based BEE policies, which will contribute to building national competitiveness. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

A nation’s competitiveness depends on the capacity of the nation’s individual firm’s operating within various industry clusters to continually innovate and upgrade at a pace faster than firm’s in competing nations. The nature and sophistication of local demand is an ingredient to stimulating innovation within local firms. Intense local competition can also lead to an advanced industry cluster, while government policies can also stimulate or stifle competition. The South African government introduced Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) legislation commonly referred to as BEE as a means to stimulate the participation of the previously sidelined black population in the mainstream economy with the objective of upgrading the size and nature of local demand while reducing poverty and inequality. This study is exploratory in nature and investigates the notion that most black owned companies emerging under the period of this BEE legislation will collapse when the legislation is removed as they have not been exposed to unprotected competition. Insight drawn from the study was used to develop recommendations to key stakeholders. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

‘The state wants laws reviewed to turn around Black Economic Empowerment (BEE)’ Pressly, D (2007, p1) Business Report. Is it Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) or Black Economic Self Enrichment or Black Economic Embezzlement or Black Economic Disempowerment? According to many experts BEE has failed dismally, been very slow in helping transfer wealth to all black South Africans and balance economic power in a country that has one of the highest income inequalities by race, and gender (Bhorat&Kanbur, 2006; Gqubule, 2006 and Radebe, 2007). Therefore the aim of this study is to gain an in-depth understanding of the Afrikaner Economic Empowerment (AEE) initiatives that led to the entire volk being economically, politically and socially empowered (Terreblanche, 2006 and Giliomee, 2003). Then draw lessons that will help enhance the effectiveness of BEE. In-depth literature review of AEE and BEE history to date was reviewed. Fourteen, semi structured interviews were conducted with well-known South African Afrikaner Economic Empowerment (AEE) and Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) experts (see Appendix D). The information received was analysed using a mixture of content, discourse, narrative and constant comparative analysis. The snowballing sampling technique helped produce experts who had minimum 15 years and over 40 years experience, collectively with experience exceeding 250 years. The key findings from the study revealed that the variables that shaped AEE were similar to the current BBBEE Generic Scorecard (Appendix C: Table 5). However the major learning’s for BEE as identified by the experts: AEE scorecard (see Table 3) included a savings culture and social (cultural, identity, language, and self-sacrifice) re-engineering. However when evaluating AEE, one needs to take history into account, AEE happened at a time when economies were closed vs. globalisation, sanctions forced Afrikaners to be self sufficient. In order to empower all Afrikaners which constituted less than ten per cent of the population Blacks had to be excluded, economically disempowered using various apartheid laws. Most of experts concluded that BEE context has been heavily influenced by globalisation, democracy, free market. We hope the findings from this study will have a positive impact on BEE. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted