Cette thèse examine le rôle du secteur associatif - regroupant des organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) locales et internationales - dans les trajectoires d’empowerment des migrantes subsahariennes installées ou de passage au Maroc, et ce dans un contexte d’externalisation des frontières européennes. Guidée par un cadre théorique combinant les théories du pouvoir et de la résistance de Foucault avec la pédagogie de l’opprimé et les processus de conscientisation de Freire, elle adopte une démarche féministe qualitative. Y sont ainsi traitées des données secondaires (tirées de rapports produits par des ONG d’aide aux migrant·e·s) et des données primaires (issues de deux entrevues conduites avec des professionnel·le·s) sur la structure organisationnelle et les défis et enjeux des programmes de soutien dudit secteur. L’analyse révèle que, même si les femmes constituent une partie importante de la population migrante au Maroc, l’offre de services est majoritairement administrée par des hommes et rarement adaptée aux besoins et réalités spécifiques des premières. De fait, le genre semble absent de la planification et de la mise en oeuvre des programmes et activités disponibles. Cela dit, les résultats montrent que les ONG offrent aux migrantes subsahariennes des outils d’empowerment économique, en sus d’activités de plaidoyer. Malgré leurs moyens limités (financiers comme en ressources humaines), plusieurs ONG tentent en effet de remettre en question le système migratoire qui contribue directement ou indirectement à l’accroissement de la vulnérabilité des migrantes au Maroc. En revanche, les initiatives d’empowerment social et collectif s’avèrent timides, l’« éducation conscientisante » se limitant à sensibiliser les migrantes subsahariennes aux lois et politiques qui les protègent, en principe, contre les violences et l’exploitation. Eu égard aux besoins sur le terrain, l’aide directe et d’urgence aux personnes migrantes demeure la priorité du secteur.

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Around the world, male violence against women is a major challenge for public health. Social workers often meet women exposed to domestic violence and therefore need qualified knowledge in how to treat and meet these women in the best way possible. Empowerment for preventing violence against women is an approach to support the victims in order to reduce risks of further domestic violence. The aim of the study is to get an enhanced knowledge of empowerment as an evaluative assessment, as used in social work with women objected to domestic violence. Problems and possibilities for change, in applying the model, are examined as relating to the different backgrounds of the women. This study is a systematic analysis of literature and social science articles on the topic, and the analysis applies to empowerment a theory. The result of the study shows that abused women´s possibilities to enforce empowerment through this model is affected by their individual basic conditions and circumstances. Some factors that contribute, to success or failure using the model, are religion, education, financial resources, residence and social context. Evaluating the empowerment model in preventing violence against women through a systems theory approach present a number of shortcomings from using the method. The models are often effective only in a specific setting and applied mostly through individually adapted support. Its usefulness for support of women around the world, affected by violence, is limited whereas background and living conditions differ. Men are not being included in the efforts for change. Another key aspect is rigid and entrenched structures of culture, religion and societal norms that present obstacles. Without support from family, friends and the community it becomes even more difficult for women to change their lives.

The diploma thesis aims on the employee empowerment, both the psychological empowerment (PE) and its antecedents - the structuctural empowerment (SE) and the leadership empowerment behaviour (LEB). The theoretical part gives a definition and an overview of the above mentioned terms including studies that deal with their relations, and also it describes consequences of the empowerment that can be on the individual, team or organizational level. Based on knowledge from the literature research the comprehensive model of the empowerment was build. In the second part there are analyzed following relations: the structural - psychological empowerment relation, the leadership empowerment behaviour - psychological empowerment relation and the structural empowerment - leadership empowerment behaviour relation. For obtaining the data the questionnaire was used. The results pointing at some potentionally problematic parts of empowerment in the organizations are introduced in the discussion and the conclusion.

The world of work has become extremely volatile, with the scarcity of skills and the management of human capital at the top of the agenda. Human capital is the most valuable asset in any organisation. It is evident that leadership is vital in organisations in ensuring their success; thus making leadership empowerment behaviour crucial. It is essential that our leaders become people developers who focus on growing and up skilling subordinates as a way of attracting and retaining talent. It is important that leaders create an enabling environment for their subordinates; one of independence, innovation and, more importantly, growth and development. The purpose of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the leadership empowerment questionnaire by investigating internal consistency; furthermore investigating the differences between genders regarding male and female perceptions of leadership empowerment behaviour. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was used. The measuring battery comprised the Leadership Empowerment Behaviour Questionnaire (LEBQ), which is originally a six-factor structure. The analysis was carried out using the IBM-SPSS and Mplus statistical modelling programs. Reliability was explored by utilising the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) index (rho). Construct validity was assessed by examining the factor structure, utilising the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the CFA. Satisfactory reliability indices were attained. A three-factor model of the LEBQ was confirmed. The three-factor model consists of autonomy, development and accountability. Measurement invariance was tested by the use of configural, scalar and metric invariance. The configural model concluded that the three-factor structure obtained for the total sample also holds for the two groups (Males & Females) of respondents separately. The metric model indicates that the latent variables are measured in the same way with the same metric in the two target groups. The Scalar model indicates that on these three items, males and females differ regarding their starting points in their response to these questions. Although there were differences in the starting points of certain items, there were no real differences evident in the overall model regarding males and females. Recommendations for further research were made. / MA (Industrial Psychology)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2015

The world of work has become extremely volatile, with the scarcity of skills and the management of human capital at the top of the agenda. Human capital is the most valuable asset in any organisation. It is evident that leadership is vital in organisations in ensuring their success; thus making leadership empowerment behaviour crucial. It is essential that our leaders become people developers who focus on growing and up skilling subordinates as a way of attracting and retaining talent. It is important that leaders create an enabling environment for their subordinates; one of independence, innovation and, more importantly, growth and development. The purpose of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the leadership empowerment questionnaire by investigating internal consistency; furthermore investigating the differences between genders regarding male and female perceptions of leadership empowerment behaviour. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was used. The measuring battery comprised the Leadership Empowerment Behaviour Questionnaire (LEBQ), which is originally a six-factor structure. The analysis was carried out using the IBM-SPSS and Mplus statistical modelling programs. Reliability was explored by utilising the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) index (rho). Construct validity was assessed by examining the factor structure, utilising the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the CFA. Satisfactory reliability indices were attained. A three-factor model of the LEBQ was confirmed. The three-factor model consists of autonomy, development and accountability. Measurement invariance was tested by the use of configural, scalar and metric invariance. The configural model concluded that the three-factor structure obtained for the total sample also holds for the two groups (Males & Females) of respondents separately. The metric model indicates that the latent variables are measured in the same way with the same metric in the two target groups. The Scalar model indicates that on these three items, males and females differ regarding their starting points in their response to these questions. Although there were differences in the starting points of certain items, there were no real differences evident in the overall model regarding males and females. Recommendations for further research were made. / MA (Industrial Psychology)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2015

Denna studie har gjorts för att se hur en delaktighetsmodell i kommunal verksamhet fungerar i praktiken och om huvudsyftet, att ge personer med funktionsnedsättning ett ökat inflytande och en större delaktighet uppnås i realiteten. Detta då modellens utförande är tänkt att fungera utifrån ett nerifrån och upp perspektiv där personer med funktionsnedsättning själva ska ha möjlighet till inflytande och att få känna sig delaktiga i sin vardag.  Forskning som finns om delaktighetsmodellen är begränsad men forskarna är eniga om att det finns en problematik kring bemötande och kommunikation gentemot de funktionsnedsatta och att detta kräver utbildning hos personal och vägledare. Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer utifrån ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv. Deltagarna i studien är chefer, personal och vägledare från kommunal verksamhet i Västra Götalands region och de arbetar med personer med funktionsnedsättning. De teorier vi använt oss av är Habermas kommunikationsteori och Foucaults maktteori. Frågeställningar som respondenterna fick reflektera över, var bland annat deras syn på vad delaktighet hos personer med funktionsnedsättning är för dem och om de upplever någon förändring i sitt bemötande. Vi har även haft ett intresse i att ta reda på om det är personerna med funktionsnedsättning själva som får bestämma vilka ämnen som anses relevanta att vara delaktiga i och om besluten de fattar verkligen träder i kraft. Förhållningssättet vi utgått ifrån har varit kritiskt med fokus på dialog, makt och dold makt. Vad som har framkommit i resultatet är att modellen har bidragit till ett förändrat arbetssätt hos personal. Makten har omfördelats mellan personal och brukare. Alla intervjupersoner tror på modellen men har farhågor över att modellen kommer att stanna upp och endast bidra med en tillfällig delaktighet, något som vi problematiserar i diskussionen. / This study has been made to see how a participatory model of municipal activities works in practice and whether the main purpose, to give users greater influence and a greater participation  is achieved in reality.  This  is  because the  model's  design  as  a  bottom -up perspective, where users themselves should have the opportunity to influence and to feel involved in their everyday lives. Even though the research about the participation model is limited the scientists agree that there is a problem about the behavior and communication to the clients, this will require training of staff and counselors. We have used a qualitative method of semi-structured interviews based on a phenomenological perspective. Study participants are managers, staff and counselors from local government activities in the Västra Götaland region, and they work with clients who have disabilities. The theories we have used is Habermas's communication theory and Foucault's power theory. Questions that respondents did reflect on included their views on the participation of the clients and if they experienced any change in the approach towards clients. We also had an interest in finding out whether it is the users themselves who should determine what themes they considered relevant to be involved in and if the decisions they make actually give effect. The approach we have assumed has been critical and of focus on dialogue, power and hidden power. What has emerged in the results is that the model has contributed to a changed approach of the staff. The power has been shifted between staff and clients. As we have problematized the discussion, all interviewees believe in the model but fear that the model will not be continued and only be a temporary activity.

Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 1 är en vanligt förekommande kronisk sjukdom. Att leva med diabetes typ 1 innebär att alltid behöva planera sin vardag. Sjuksköterskans roll handlar om att ge personcentrerad omvårdnad och uppmärksamma personen som lever med diabetes typ 1. Empowerment är ett centralt begrepp i diabetesvården som handlar om att personen ska uppleva egenmakt i sin livssituation. Syfte: Att beskriva personers upplevelse av att leva med diabetes typ 1 utifrån ökad egenkontroll. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med kvalitativa artiklar. Sökningarna resulterade i sju artiklar som analyserades induktivt utifrån Fribergs femstegsmodell. Resultat: Att leva med diabetes typ 1 innebar noggrann planering och rutiner i vardagen. Genom att acceptera sjukdomen och uppleva kontroll i sin situation ökade hanterbarheten. Att leva med diabetes typ 1 kunde innebära en ständig oro och rädsla för hypoglykemins följder samt långsiktiga komplikationer orsakade av hyperglykemi. Närstående hade en betydelsefull roll i att motivera och hjälpa personen med diabetes. Slutsats: Personer med diabetes typ 1 upplever sin vardag på olika sätt, det framkommer både upplevelser av hanterbarhet och upplevelser av begränsningar. Sjuksköterskan har därför en viktig roll i att identifiera och bekräfta dessa upplevelser hos personen som lever med diabetes typ 1. / Background: Diabetes type 1 is a common and chronic disease. Living with type 1 diabetes can be a big adjustment in a person's everyday life. The nurse’s responsibilty lies within a personcentred care and it is important to see the person behind the disease. The person living with diabetes need to experience empowerment in their lives and therefore empowerment is a key concept in diabetes care. Aim: To describe a person’s experience of living with diabetes type 1 by enhanced empowerment. Method: A literature review with qualitative articles. 7 articles  from the search was found, which was analyzed inductively by the five step model of Fribergs. Results: Living with type 1 diabetes meant careful planning and routines of the everyday life. By accepting the disease, it would also be manageable and it indicated the feeling of superiority in life. Living with the disease could cause a constant anxiety and fear of the complications of hypoglycaemia and the long-term complications of hyperglycaemia. Relatives had an important role and contributed with a feeling of safety in those who had diabetes type 1. Conclusion: The daily life of people with type 1 diabetes is experienced in many different ways. The nurse has an important role to identify and acknowledge the feelings that the person with diabetes type 1 is experiencing.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014 / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorsingstudie spruit voort uit ʼn dringende behoefte om die faktore te verstaan wat daartoe bydra dat sekere werknemers meer geneig is om te wil groei en wat organisasies gevolglik kan doen om werknemers te motiveer en meer te wil ontwikkel. Etlike faktore gee aanleiding tot ʼntekort aan lynbestuurders en die feit dat die begeerte om te groei ʼn skaars karaktereienskap by werknemers is. Sekere konstrukte is beheerbaar, terwyl ander nie beheerbaar is nie. Deur die beheerbare faktore te identifiseer, stel organisasies en bestuurders in staat om aksieplanne te implementeer om die impak van die konstrukte en die afwesigheid van sielkundige eienaarskap in die werksplek te verminder. Aksieplanne soos bevordering van sielkundige eienaarskap mag daartoe lei om die hoeveelheid lynbestuurders te vergroot. Dit sal bydra om tekorte uit te wis en uitdagende omstandighede die hoof te bied. Bewese navorsing oor die implementering van ʼn gestruktureerde werknemerbemagtigingsprogram kan bydra om hierdie uitdaging van die afwesigheid van sielkundige eienaarskap te oorkom. Die lynbestuurder en sy/haar bevoegdheid is ʼn sleutelrolspeler in sodanige program en die bestuur van werknemers. Hierdie studie het ten doel om ʼn bestaande sielkundige bemagtigingsmodel vir lynbestuurders te herevalueer en addisionele veranderlikes voor te stel wat organisasie-uitkomste soos werkstevredenheid, werknemerdoeltreffendheid, organisasie-verbondenheid en voorneme om te bedank beïnvloed. As lynbestuurders en organisasies verstaan watter lynbestuurbevoegdhede organisasie-uitkomste beïnvloed, asook die manier waarop hierdie bevoegdhede op sodanige uitkomste inwerk, kan hulle toegerus word om prosesse en programme te formuleer wat tot die behoud van ʼn vaardigheid in die organisasie kan bydra. Die studie en die operasionalisering van die sielkundige bemagtigingsbevoegdhede was onsuksesvol. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat die voorgestelde model gereduseer moes word en talentbestuur se latente veranderlikes uit die model verwyder moes word. Modelpassing was swak met betrekking tot die gereduseerde model. Modelspesifieke wysigings wat aangebring is, was gebaseer op modifikasie-indeksvoorstelle wat uit die data afleibaar was. Met verwysing na die gewysigde model is goeie passing getoon en ondersteuning van alle fasette en bene gevind. Daar word aanbeveel dat navorsing oor kruisvalidasie met betrekking tot die gewysigde gereduseerde model gedoen word.