<p>Escherichia coli is a natural inhabitant of the intestines of both humans and animals, but there are also several pathogenic types of E. coli which cause disease in humans.</p><p>Strains of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) have been associated with outbreaks of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. Most clinical signs of disease arise as a consequence of the production of shigatoxin 1 and 2 or combination of these toxins. Other major virulence factors include EHEC hemolysin and intimin, the product of the eae gene that is involved in attaching and effacing adherence phenotype. EHEC has also been associated with uncomplicated diarrhea.</p><p>The capacity to control EHEC disease and to limit the scale of outbreaks is dependent upon prompt diagnosis and identification of the source of infection.</p><p>The principal reservoirs of EHEC are cattle and food products, which presumably have come into contact with domestic animal manure and/or are inadequately pasteurised, these are important vehicles of infection.</p><p>In the present study, the PCR technique with primers detecting the verocytotoxin genes was shown to be a possible method to screen for and identify EHEC.</p><p>In summary stx genes were detected in 16 samples of 228 sampels and the eae gene was detected in 2 samples using PCR.</p>

Escherichia coli is a natural inhabitant of the intestines of both humans and animals, but there are also several pathogenic types of E. coli which cause disease in humans. Strains of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) have been associated with outbreaks of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. Most clinical signs of disease arise as a consequence of the production of shigatoxin 1 and 2 or combination of these toxins. Other major virulence factors include EHEC hemolysin and intimin, the product of the eae gene that is involved in attaching and effacing adherence phenotype. EHEC has also been associated with uncomplicated diarrhea. The capacity to control EHEC disease and to limit the scale of outbreaks is dependent upon prompt diagnosis and identification of the source of infection. The principal reservoirs of EHEC are cattle and food products, which presumably have come into contact with domestic animal manure and/or are inadequately pasteurised, these are important vehicles of infection. In the present study, the PCR technique with primers detecting the verocytotoxin genes was shown to be a possible method to screen for and identify EHEC. In summary stx genes were detected in 16 samples of 228 sampels and the eae gene was detected in 2 samples using PCR.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-05-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:35:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rangel_pm_me_jabo.pdf: 202160 bytes, checksum: 7b5c8c75d2c9df10071428271f91da55 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A um longo tempo a mastite tem sido reconhecida como a doença que provoca as maiores perdas econômicas nos rebanhos leiteiros. De fevereiro a novembro de 2004, 670 amostras de leite mastítico bovino, provenientes de dois estados brasileiros foram coletadas, das quais foram isoladas 231 cepas de Escherichia coli. Estas cepas foram analisadas para a detecção dos genes de produção de Shiga toxina (stx 1 e stx 2) e do gene da intimina (eae). Vinte cepas (8,6%) foram detectadas através de PCR contendo os genes da Shiga toxina (8 stx 1, 12 stx 2 e nenhuma delas ambos os genes). Duas cepas (0,8%) de E. coli eram eae positivo não produtoras de Shiga toxina. As cepas de E. coli foram também examinadas para detectar a resistência a 12 agentes antimicrobianos. As resistências mais comuns foram para tetraciclina (92,2%), estreptomicina (90,4%), ácido nalidíxico (88,3%), amicacina (86,5%) e cefalotina (84,8%). A resistência a múltiplas drogas foi encontrada em 152 cepas (65,8%). . Entre os sorogrupos determinados, O111, O26, O158 e O125 foram os mais comuns, todos sorogrupos EPEC clássicos. / Mastitis has been recognized for some time as the most costly disease in dairy herds. From February to November 2004, 670 samples of bovine mastitic milk were collected from two Brazilian states, from which 231 Escherichia coli strains were isolated. These strains were screened for the presence of Shiga toxin-producing (stx 1 and stx 2) and intimin (eae) genes. Twenty (8.6%) strains were detected by PCR to harbor the Shiga toxin genes (8 the stx 1 gene, 12 the stx 2 gene and none both of them) Two (0.8%) of the E. coli strains studied were eae positive non Shiga toxin-producing. The E coli strains were also examined for resistance to 12 antimicrobial agents. The most commonly observed resistance was to tetracycline (92.2%), streptomycin (90.4%), nalidixic acid (88.3%), amikacin (86.5%) and cephalothin (84.8%). Multidrug resistance was found among 152 isolates (65.8%). Among the serogroups determined O111, O26, O158 and O125 were the most commonly, all of them classic EPEC serogroups.

Orientador: José Moacir Marin / Banca: Alessandra Aparecida Medeiros / Banca: Maria de Fátima Martins / Resumo: A um longo tempo a mastite tem sido reconhecida como a doença que provoca as maiores perdas econômicas nos rebanhos leiteiros. De fevereiro a novembro de 2004, 670 amostras de leite mastítico bovino, provenientes de dois estados brasileiros foram coletadas, das quais foram isoladas 231 cepas de Escherichia coli. Estas cepas foram analisadas para a detecção dos genes de produção de Shiga toxina (stx 1 e stx 2) e do gene da intimina (eae). Vinte cepas (8,6%) foram detectadas através de PCR contendo os genes da Shiga toxina (8 stx 1, 12 stx 2 e nenhuma delas ambos os genes). Duas cepas (0,8%) de E. coli eram eae positivo não produtoras de Shiga toxina. As cepas de E. coli foram também examinadas para detectar a resistência a 12 agentes antimicrobianos. As resistências mais comuns foram para tetraciclina (92,2%), estreptomicina (90,4%), ácido nalidíxico (88,3%), amicacina (86,5%) e cefalotina (84,8%). A resistência a múltiplas drogas foi encontrada em 152 cepas (65,8%). . Entre os sorogrupos determinados, O111, O26, O158 e O125 foram os mais comuns, todos sorogrupos EPEC clássicos. / Abstract: Mastitis has been recognized for some time as the most costly disease in dairy herds. From February to November 2004, 670 samples of bovine mastitic milk were collected from two Brazilian states, from which 231 Escherichia coli strains were isolated. These strains were screened for the presence of Shiga toxin-producing (stx 1 and stx 2) and intimin (eae) genes. Twenty (8.6%) strains were detected by PCR to harbor the Shiga toxin genes (8 the stx 1 gene, 12 the stx 2 gene and none both of them) Two (0.8%) of the E. coli strains studied were eae positive non Shiga toxin-producing. The E coli strains were also examined for resistance to 12 antimicrobial agents. The most commonly observed resistance was to tetracycline (92.2%), streptomycin (90.4%), nalidixic acid (88.3%), amikacin (86.5%) and cephalothin (84.8%). Multidrug resistance was found among 152 isolates (65.8%). Among the serogroups determined O111, O26, O158 and O125 were the most commonly, all of them classic EPEC serogroups. / Mestre

Orientador: José Moacir Marin / Banca: Everlon Cid Rigobelo / Banca: Maria Cristina Monteiro de Souza-Gugelmin / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de cepas de Escherichia coli produtoras de Shiga toxina (STEC) em queijos mussarela produzidos artesanalmente. Foram analisadas 59 amostras de queijo, produzidas no Vale do Jequitinhonha (Nordeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil). Isolando-se 147 cepas de E. coli e através da técnica de PCR, foram investigadas a presença dos genes da Shiga toxina (stx 1 e stx 2) e da intimina (eae). Dezesseis cepas bacterianas (10,8%) apresentaram o gene stx ( todas portavam o gene stx 1) e 13 delas também se mostraram eae positivas. Os isolados de E. coli foram também examinados para a detecção dos genes codificadores de adesinas (pap, sfa e afa). Não foram identificados nenhum desses genes.Todas as cepas STEC isoladas foram pesquisadas para resistência a 12 agentes antimicrobianos. As resistências predominantes detectadas foram de 37,5% para estreptomicina, 37,5% para a tetraciclina, 31,2% para a ampicilina e 31,2% para a amicacina. A resistência a múltiplas drogas foi encontrada em 5 cepas (31,2%). A presença dos genes codificadores dos fatores de virulência indica que o queijo mussarela produzido artesanalmente pode representar um risco à saúde dos consumidores. / Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Escherichia coli strains presenting the Shiga toxin gene (probably STEC strains) in mussarela cheese produced by artesanal method in the Jequitinhonha Valey (Northeast of Minas Gerais State, Brazil). Fifty-nine cheese samples were analyzed and a hundred forty seven strains of E. coli were isolated. Using the PCR method the strains were screened for the Shiga toxin (stx 1 and stx 2) and the intimin (eae) genes. Sixteen isolates (10,8%) carried the stx gene (all of them showed the stx 1 gene ) and thirteen also presented the eae gene. Using the same method the strains were screened for the presence of pap, afa, and sfa genes, adhesin genes caracteristics of the E. coli extraintestinal pathogenic strains (ExPEC). None of them showed these adhesin genes and could not be classified as an ExPEC strains. The susceptibility of the probably STEC strains to twelve antimicrobial drugs were evaluated. The most important resistance was detected to the streptomycin (37,5%), tetracycline (37,5%), ampicillin (31,2%) and amikacin (31,2%). The multidrug resistance was detected in 5 isolates (31,2%). The presence of coding genes for virulence factors in the E. coli isolates recovered from mussarela cheese produced by artesanal method could represent a risk for the human health. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:35:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cardoso_pa_me_jabo.pdf: 283666 bytes, checksum: 9d4635249701354d18b4a667c65f5861 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de cepas de Escherichia coli produtoras de Shiga toxina (STEC) em queijos mussarela produzidos artesanalmente. Foram analisadas 59 amostras de queijo, produzidas no Vale do Jequitinhonha (Nordeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil). Isolando-se 147 cepas de E. coli e através da técnica de PCR, foram investigadas a presença dos genes da Shiga toxina (stx 1 e stx 2) e da intimina (eae). Dezesseis cepas bacterianas (10,8%) apresentaram o gene stx ( todas portavam o gene stx 1) e 13 delas também se mostraram eae positivas. Os isolados de E. coli foram também examinados para a detecção dos genes codificadores de adesinas (pap, sfa e afa). Não foram identificados nenhum desses genes.Todas as cepas STEC isoladas foram pesquisadas para resistência a 12 agentes antimicrobianos. As resistências predominantes detectadas foram de 37,5% para estreptomicina, 37,5% para a tetraciclina, 31,2% para a ampicilina e 31,2% para a amicacina. A resistência a múltiplas drogas foi encontrada em 5 cepas (31,2%). A presença dos genes codificadores dos fatores de virulência indica que o queijo mussarela produzido artesanalmente pode representar um risco à saúde dos consumidores. / The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Escherichia coli strains presenting the Shiga toxin gene (probably STEC strains) in mussarela cheese produced by artesanal method in the Jequitinhonha Valey (Northeast of Minas Gerais State, Brazil). Fifty-nine cheese samples were analyzed and a hundred forty seven strains of E. coli were isolated. Using the PCR method the strains were screened for the Shiga toxin (stx 1 and stx 2) and the intimin (eae) genes. Sixteen isolates (10,8%) carried the stx gene (all of them showed the stx 1 gene ) and thirteen also presented the eae gene. Using the same method the strains were screened for the presence of pap, afa, and sfa genes, adhesin genes caracteristics of the E. coli extraintestinal pathogenic strains (ExPEC). None of them showed these adhesin genes and could not be classified as an ExPEC strains. The susceptibility of the probably STEC strains to twelve antimicrobial drugs were evaluated. The most important resistance was detected to the streptomycin (37,5%), tetracycline (37,5%), ampicillin (31,2%) and amikacin (31,2%). The multidrug resistance was detected in 5 isolates (31,2%). The presence of coding genes for virulence factors in the E. coli isolates recovered from mussarela cheese produced by artesanal method could represent a risk for the human health.