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Context: Now a day’s end users are using different types of computer applications like web browsers, data processing tools like MS office, notepad etc., to do their day-to-day works. In the real world scenario, the usage of Open Source Software (OSS) products by both industrial people and end users are gradually increasing. The success of any OSS products depends on its quality standards. ‘Efficiency’ is one of the key quality factor, which portray the standards of product and it is observed that this factor is given little importance during its development. Therefore our research context lies within evaluating the efficiency quality attribute in OSS web browsers. Objectives: As discussed earlier the context of this research lies in evaluating the efficiency of OSS web browsers, the initial objective was to identify the available efficiency measures from the current literature and observe which type of measures are suitable for web browsers. Then our next objective is to compute values for the identified efficiency measures by considering a set of predefined web browsers from all the categories. Later we proposed Efficiency Baseline Criteria (EBC) and based on this criterion and experiment results obtained, the efficiency of OSS web browsers had been evaluated. Therefore the main objective of conducting this research is to formulate EBC guidelines, which can be later used by OSS developers to test their web browsers and ensure that all the quality standards are strictly adhered during the development of OSS products. Methods: Initially Literature Review (LR) was conducted in order to identify all the related efficiency quality attributes and also observe the sub-attribute functionalities, that are useful while measuring efficiency values of web browsers. Methods and procedures which are discussed in this LR are used as input for identifying efficiency measures that are related to web browsers. Later an experiment was performed in order to calculate efficiency values for CSS & proprietary set of web browsers (i.e. Case A) and OSS web browsers (i.e. Case B) by using different tools and procedures. Authors themselves had calculated efficiency values for both Case A and Case B web browsers. Based on the results of Case A web browsers, EBC was proposed and finally an statistical analysis (i.e. Mann Whitney U-test) is performed in order to evaluate the hypothesis which was formulated in experiment section. Results: From the LR study, it is observed that efficiency quality attribute is classified into two main categories (i.e. Time Behavior and Resource Utilization). Further under the category of Time behavior a total of 3 attributes were identified (i.e. Response time, Throughput and Turnaround time). From the results of LR, we had also observed the measuring process of each attribute for different web browsers. Later an experiment was performed on two different sets of web browsers (i.e. Case A and Case B web browsers). Based on the LR results, only 3 efficiency attributes (i.e. response time, memory utilization and throughput) were identified which are more suitable to the case of web browsers. These 3 efficiency attributes are further classified into 10 sub-categories. Efficiency values are calculated to both Case A and B for these 10 identified scenarios. Later from Case A results EBC values are generated. Finally hypothesis testing was done by initially performing K-S test and results suggest choosing non-parametric test (i.e. Mann Whitney U-test). Later Mann Whitney U-test was performed for all the scenarios and the normalized Z scores are more than 1.96, further suggested rejecting null hypothesis for all the 10 scenarios. Also EBC values are compared with Case B results and these also suggest us that efficiency standard of OSS web browsers are not equivalent to Case A web browsers. Conclusions: Based on quantitative results, we conclude that efficiency standards of OSS web browsers are not equivalent, when compared to Case A web browsers and the efficiency standards are not adhered during development process. Hence OSS developers should focus on implementing efficiency standards during the development stages itself in order to increase the quality of the end products. The major contribution from the two researchers to this area of research is “Efficiency Baseline Criteria”. The proposed EBC values are useful for OSS developers to test the efficiency standards of their web browser and also help them to analyze their shortcomings. As a result appropriate preventive measures can be planned in advance. / +91 - 9491754620

Angesichts der nach wie vor hohen Mortalität und Morbidität des Bronchialkarzinoms ist die Entwicklung geeigneter Methoden zur früheren Diagnostik eine wichtige Notwendigkeit, um die geringe durchschnittliche 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate von 15% – 18% zu steigern. Unter diesem Gesichtspunkt wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit das Atemkondensat von Patienten mit Bronchialkarzinom als nicht-invasiv und kostengünstig zu gewinnendes Medium auf das Vorliegen eines potentiellen Screeningmarkers – dem methylierten Tumorsuppressor-Gen p16 – untersucht. Dazu wurde ein Versuchsablauf entwickelt, bei dem trotz des geringen DNA-Gehaltes im Atemkondensat p16-Methylierungen nachgewiesen werden konnten. Die letztendlich etablierte Methode war eine methylierungsspezifische nested-PCR mit anschließendem Restriktionsverdau durch das Restriktionsenzym BstUI. Des Weiteren erfolgte die Untersuchung von in Paraffin eingebetteten Tumorpräparaten der Patienten. In der anschließenden statistischen Auswertung wurde der Einfluss von verschiedenen Faktoren wie COPD-Grad, Tumorlage, Tumorart, Nikotinabusus und stattgehabte Chemo- oder Strahlentherapie auf den Methylierungsstatus des p16-Gens analysiert.

Face à la pollution persistante des eaux naturelles par les pesticides, le charbon actif en grain (CAG) représente une réelle possibilité de traitement, de plus en plus souvent mis en œuvre en potabilisation. L'efficacité de ce traitement dépend des équilibres et des cinétiques d'adsorption, de l'hydrodynamique du réacteur et de la compétition avec la matière organique naturelle contenue dans les eaux brutes destinées à la potabilisation. Dans ce cadre, l'objectif de cette recherche est double : élaborer un protocole d'acquisition des paramètres d'équilibre et de cinétique d'adsorption compétitive et concevoir un logiciel de simulation de l'adsorption sur lit de CAG. L'approche théorique s'appuie sur : (1) le modèle de la diffusion de surface homogène (HSDM) qui prend en compte le coefficient de transfert de masse externe (kf) et le coefficient de diffusion superficielle (Ds) pour modéliser la cinétique d'adsorption, (2) la théorie de la solution adsorbée idéale (IAST) pour modéliser la compétition et (3) l'introduction d'un composé fictif (EBC) qui représente la matière organique naturelle. Le travail expérimental consiste d'une part à réaliser des isothermes d'adsorption sur l'eau ultra pure, l'eau réelle et l'eau réelle diluée par de l'eau ultra pure afin d'obtenir les paramètres d'équilibre. D'autre part, des cinétiques d'adsorption, effectuées sur colonne différentielle d'adsorption (DCBR), permettent d'acquérir les coefficients de diffusion superficielle. Les programmes de simulation ont été conçus, écrits et validés sur plusieurs résultats issus de la littérature. Ces programmes ont ensuite été impliqués dans le protocole global de simulation du filtre de charbon actif en grain réel. Pour une eau naturelle, ce protocole a été mis en œuvre sur trois pesticides et deux charbons actifs en grain.

兩岸新聞交流密切且頻繁，但是總因政治之故而蒙上陰影並益顯複雜，因此不失為一研究之好題材。學界與坊間不乏與此有關之文獻，惜乎大抵以報紙間之交流為主，至於電視台之交流則僅聊備一格。為補遺珠之憾兼鼓勵來者，本作者嚐試一探究竟，並尋求改善交流之道與化解挑戰之方。 本研究係以東森電視公司之新聞部為研究單位。方法則為深度訪談，資料蒐集與分析以及文獻回顧。 文分五章，計為：緒論，文獻回顧，交流模式，交流挑戰，結論與建議。 東森與大陸之間的新聞交流密切、多樣且規律。惟其品質與內容深受政治影響，尤以大陸之影響為最。 展望未來，台灣媒體需“寄希望於大陸當局”，則兩岸新聞交流之正常化庶幾有望。 / Though close and frequent, the cross-strait news exchanges are shrouded and made complicated by politics, which makes it a good topic for scholars to research. Articles and papers related to it are many. However, exchanges in newspaper sector are what people are interested in, those in TV sector are largely ignored. To make the picture more complete and encourage potential researchers, this writer tries to explore the modes of and challenges to the cross-strait news exchanges in TV outlets, and to find ways to better the exchanges and ease those challenges. Methodology for conducting this research comprises 3 measures: the in-depth interview, data analysis and literature review. This thesis consists of five chapters: introduction, literature review, modes of news exchanges, challenges to news exchanges and conclusion. News exchanges between EBC and the mainland are close, diverse and regular. However, the quality and contents of the exchanges are heavily influenced by political consideration coming largely from the mainland side. Looking into the future, Taiwan media should “rest hopes upon CPC” to normalize the cross-strait news exchanges.

La tesis se enmarca en el estudio de las arquitecturas inteligentes de control distribuido y de los sistemas de comunicaciones empleados, más concretamente el trabajo se centra en la optimización del sistema de control por medio de la evaluación del rendimiento en el middleware a través de los parámetros de calidad de servicio y de la optimización del control empleando políticas de calidad de servicio. El principal objetivo de este trabajo ha sido estudiar, diseñar, desarrollar y evaluar una arquitectura de control distribuido, basándose en el estándar de comunicaciones Data-Distribution Service for Real-Time Systems (DDS) propuesto por la organización Object Management Group (OMG). Como aportación principal de la tesis se propone el diseño de una arquitectura distribuida de control inteligente que de soporte a la QoS, tanto en la medición por medio de los parámetros, como en la gestión por medio de las políticas de QoS. Las políticas deben permitir la variación de las características de la comunicación en función de los requisitos de control, expresados estos últimos por medio de los parámetros de QoC. A la arquitectura desarrollada se le ha llamado FSACtrl. Para determinar los requisitos de la arquitectura FSACtrl, se han estudiado las revisiones de los autores más relevantes acerca de las características más destacadas de las arquitecturas distribuidas de sistemas de control. A partir de estas características se han diseñado los elementos de la arquitectura FSACtrl. Los elementos que dan soporte a las comunicaciones se han basado en los del estándar DDS de la OMG, mientras que los elementos de control se han basado en el estándar Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) del Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). Para la validación de la arquitectura se ha implementado un entorno de diseño y simulación del control. / Poza Luján, JL. (2012). Propuesta de arquitectura distribuida de control inteligente basada en políticas de calidad de servicio [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/14674 / Palancia

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