Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-17T13:04:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Leonilson Rocha dos Santos - 2016.pdf: 1981797 bytes, checksum: 68f07d3bfa972939f6f04bd0f2a46301 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-17T13:17:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Leonilson Rocha dos Santos - 2016.pdf: 1981797 bytes, checksum: 68f07d3bfa972939f6f04bd0f2a46301 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-17T13:17:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Leonilson Rocha dos Santos - 2016.pdf: 1981797 bytes, checksum: 68f07d3bfa972939f6f04bd0f2a46301 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Search to understand how the process of social greening interfere in the construction of indigenous peoples as subjects of law. Greening of indigenous societies in Brazil occurred in two perspectives. The first is the joint strategies between the indigenous movement and environmentalists in order to promote greater visibility for both, whereas the second is the gestation of a given identity to indigenous societies that assigns certain preservationists features that allows us to treatment them as major ecological agents in modernity. In the academic context, discussions on indigenous issues centered their arguments on the environmental aspect to justify the demarcation of indigenous lands, trying to propose strategies to harmonize the demarcations and ecological preservation in Brazil. This happens without questioning the assumptions that perfect relationship produced between Indian and nature. To understand this process, we began to discuss the concept of coloniality, as a global standard for the imposition of power that organized society from a social classification, which allowed distinguish colonized and colonizers, civilized and wild, among others. On the other hand, our efforts are to analyze to what extent the concepts built from a colonial Eurocentric rationality, still guided discussions on indigenous rights currently mainly for the production of connections that allow give indigenous companies with a preservationist character, which, in turn, went on to justify the demarcation of their lands. Coloniality entails another movement called descolonialidade. Therefore, we aimed to discuss the possibility of production of indigenous societies effectively as autonomous and self-determined subject, overcoming Eurocentric paradigm of modern rationality, which historically subjugate. Finally, we conducted a survey of case of judicialized processes on conflicts over indigenous land demarcations to analyze how the process of greening and its implications build indigenous law from the judiciary. We realize that the notion of culture works in the judiciary, it enables resurface the assimilationist perspective to guide the issue of indigenous land rights. / Buscamos compreender como que o processo de ecologização social interfere na construção das sociedades indígenas como sujeitos de direito. A ecologização das sociedades indígenas no Brasil se deu em duas perspectivas. A primeira consiste na articulação estratégias entre os movimentos indígenas e ambientalistas com o intuito de promover maior visibilidade para ambos, ao passo que, a segunda consiste na gestação de uma identidade conferida às sociedades indígenas que os atribui determinadas características preservacionistas, que nos permite tratá-las como principais agentes ecológicos na modernidade. No âmbito acadêmico, as discussões sobre a questão indígena centralizam os seus argumentos no aspecto ambiental para justificar as demarcações das terras indígenas, buscando propor estratégias que possam harmonizar as demarcações e a preservação ecológica no Brasil. Isso se dá sem questionarmos os pressupostos dessa perfeita relação produzida entre índio e natureza. Para entender esse processo, passamos a discutir o conceito de colonialidade, enquanto imposição de padrão mundial de poder, que organizou a sociedade a partir de uma classificação social, que possibilitou diferenciar colonizados e colonizadores, civilizados e selvagens, entre outros. De outro lado, nossos esforços consistem em analisar em que medida os conceitos construídos a partir de uma racionalidade eurocêntrica colonial, ainda pautam as discussões sobre os direitos indígenas atualmente, principalmente pela produção de conexões que permitem conferir as sociedades indígenas um caráter preservacionista, que, por sua vez, passou a justificar as demarcações de suas terras. A colonialidade enseja outro movimento denominado de descolonialidade. Portanto, objetivamos discutir a possibilidade de produção das sociedades indígenas efetivamente enquanto sujeitos autônomos e autodeterminados, superando o paradigma eurocêntrico da racionalidade moderna, que historicamente os subalternizaram. Por último, fizemos um levantamento de autos de processos judiciais sobre conflitos em torno de demarcações de terras indígenas para analisar como que o processo de ecologização e suas implicações constroem o direito indígena a partir do poder judiciário. Vamos perceber que a noção de cultura trabalha no poder judiciário, possibilita ressurgir a perspectiva assimilacionista para pautar a questão do direito indígena a terra.

La thèse vise à comprendre comment une diversité de définitions d'une maladie émergente et complexe, la Borréliose de Lyme, se construisent aujourd'hui dans un grand nombre de lieux. Ces définitions sont parfois concurrentes, parfois étrangères l'une à l'autre ; parfois médiatisées, parfois confinées dans des espaces discrets. Pour comprendre cette diversité, je mobilise le concept de pratique développé par Stengers (2006). J'ai accédé aux processus de connaissance mis en œuvre par les praticiens à travers les deux versants qui définissent une pratique : les obligations, qui renvoient à leur manière spécifique d'interroger l'objet ou l'être dont ils cherchent à apprendre quelque chose ; les exigences qui opèrent des exclusions et tracent des frontières entre pratiques. Cette grille d'analyse s'applique à des groupes de taille variable, professionnels ou non, mandatés ou pas par le politique, de même qu'aux vivants non-humains. La première partie situe la maladie de Lyme dans le champ des maladies et définit sa spécificité en regard des « maladies environnementales » qui ont pour cause les pollutions industrielles. En tant que maladie infectieuse ayant pour vecteur une tique et pour réservoir la faune sauvage, la maladie de Lyme présente davantage les traits d'une « maladie écologique » qui renouvelle l'attribution des responsabilités, les modes de gestion, la nature des entités incriminées ainsi que l'identité des praticiens impliqués. À partir de ce constat, j'ai fait l'hypothèse d'une « écologisation des problèmes sanitaires » : les problématiques environnementales s'immiscent dans d'autres secteurs. J'ai interrogé cette écologisation thématique à la lumière de « l'écologisation des pratiques » que Stengers définit comme un mode de relation entre pratiques qui remplace les exclusions par des coordinations pour produire des savoirs nouveaux, dynamiques et irréductibles à chaque pratique. La deuxième partie expose les pratiques de quatre groupes de praticiens : les malades chroniques qui échangent sur Internet, les infectiologues, les ticologues et les écologues généticiens des populations. L'analyse révèle l'existence de deux espaces de discussions marqués par des relations distinctes : dans le premier, médical, diagnostic et curatif, les définitions de la maladie s'opposent tandis qu'elles se chevauchent dans le second, environnemental, épidémiologique et préventif. Ces deux espaces entretiennent peu de relations entre eux. La troisième partie s'intéresse aux interractions entre praticiens. À travers un groupe de travail, un lieu, un concept et des techniques diagnostiques, j'interroge la rencontre effective entre pratiques environnementales et médicales. L'essentiel des collaborations entre acteurs environnementaux et médicaux portent sur la prévention de la maladie. Les savoirs écologiques, comme ceux des malades, ont pourtant un potentiel pour une autre élaboration du diagnostic de ces maladies. Cette analyse montre que des frictions apparaissent lorsque des praticiens interrogent un même vivant sur des modes différents. À l'inverse, une sympathie se manifeste entre praticiens dès lors qu'ils interrogent sur le même mode des vivants différents. Plus qu'une écologisation du sanitaire, la thèse met en évidence un processus de « sanitarisation de l'écologie ». En effet, ce sont les praticiens rattachés à l'écologie qui s'immiscent dans la thématique des « maladies infectieuses émergentes ». Les savoirs qu'ils produisent tendent à dépeindre un ensemble de maladies variables dans le corps et le milieu, qui rappelle la définition par les malades, sans que ces groupes de praticiens disposent à ce jour d'espace de rencontre. / This thesis aims to understand how a range of definitions of a complex and emerging disease, the Lyme disease, are currently being constructed in many places. These definitions sometimes compete and sometimes develop separately ; they are sometimes widely disseminated and sometimes circumscribed in discrete places. To understand this diversity, I use the concept of « practice » as developed by Stengers (2006). A practice is defined by two sides : obligations, which refer to the specific way in which practitioners relate to the object or being they seek to learn something about ; demands, which generate exclusions and draw boudaries between practices. This framework applies to groups of different sizes and natures, and to non-humans beings. The first part of the thesis situates the Lyme disease among other diseases and clarifies its differences with the « environmental diseases » caused by industrial pollutions. As an infectious disease transmitted by a tick and with a wildlife reservoir, the Lyme disease rather presents the features of an « ecological disease » that renews the attribution of responsibilities, management modes, the nature of entities that are incriminated and identity of practitioners involved. This statement led me to the hypothesis of an « ecologization of health problems » : environmental issues are introduced in other domains. I examined this thematic ecologization through the « ecologization of practices », which Stengers defines as a mode of relation between practices where exclusions are replaced by coordinations in order to produce new, dynamic and transversal knowledge. The second part presents the practices of four groups of practitioners : persons with chronic Lyme disease who exchange on the Internet, infectious disease specialists, tick specialists and specialists of population genetics. The analysis shows the existence of two discussion spaces characterized by distinct relationships : in the first one, which is medical, diagnosis and cure-oriented, definitions of the disease oppose one another while they overlap in the second space, which is environmental, epidemiological and prevention-oriented. There are few relations between these two spaces. The third part focuses on the interactions between practitioners. Through a work group, a place, a concept and diagnosis techniques, I scrutinize how environmental and medical practices actually encounter one another. Most collaborations between environmental and medical practitioners concern the prevention of the disease. Yet, the ecological knowledge of the sick persons has a potential for another elaboration of the diagnosis of these diseases. The analysis shows that frictions appear when practitioners relate differently to a same being. On the contrary, there is sympathy between practitioners who relate similarly to different beings. Rather than an « ecologization of the health sector », this thesis shows a process of « sanitarization of ecology ». Indeed, the practitioners related to ecology are those who become involved in the emerging infectious diseases issues. The knowledge they produce suggests a set of diseases that vary across space and bodies. This reminds how the sick persons define their disease. However, these groups of practitioners do not have (so far) a place to meet and exchange.

Объектом исследования является экологическое сознание жителей Екатеринбурга. Цель работы − на основе изучения теоретического материала и практического анализа определить состояние экологического сознания жителей города Екатеринбурга для прогноза тенденций и разработки рекомендаций по развитию общественного экологического сознания. Основными методами проведения исследования стали анкетный опрос, полуформализованные интервью, количественный анализ данных с помощью программ SPSS 24.0 и MicrosoftOfficeExcel, контент-анализ. В процессе исследования было проанализировано современное состояние общественного экологического сознания, выявлены основные тенденции и перспективы развития. Результатом работы стала разработка ряда рекомендаций и мероприятий по развитию экологического сознания жителей города Екатеринбурга. / The object of the research is the environmental consciousness of the of citizens of Ekaterinburg. The purpose of the report is to determine the condition of environmental consciousness of the residents of the city of Ekaterinburg based on studying theoretical material and practical analysis. The author made a forecast of trends and developed recommendations about ecological consciousness. The main methods of the research were survey, semi-formalized interviews, quantitative data analysis using SPSS 24.0 and Microsoft OfficeExcel, content analysis. During the research, the current state of public environmental consciousness was analyzed, the main trends and development prospects were identified. The result of the work was the development of a few recommendations and measures for the development of environmental awareness of residents of the city of Ekaterinburg.