<p><p>The purpose of this paper is to study the diversity in Swedish Public Service Radio channel P4. We study the diversity both among the editorial news staff and in the news-broadcasts. We also study the opinions of two news directors of the Swedish Public Service Radio channel P4. The organisation has a national diversity policy that they should follow. We investigate if it is really followed or if it is just a document.</p><p>We use Social Responsibility Theory to explain why media images should represent the actual society and Media Logic to explain the result of our study. We think it is important that media represent the same population as the region which it covers.</p><p>We used a quantitative method to explore the diversity in the news-broadcasts for two weeks (288 broadcasts) listening for people with a foreign background and qualitative interviews to find the opinions of the news directors in Kalmar and Malmö. To study the diversity in the editorial staff we used e-mail and telephone contact with the management on each of the 25 stations nationwide. We define foreign background as someone who the audience might assume as coming from a different country based on accent, pronunciation or name.</p><p>Our results show that nine percent of the editorial news staff on Swedish Public Service Channel P4 has a foreign background by our definition. 53 percent of them are women and 47 percent are men. 60 percent of these journalists are between 26 and 45 years of age. In Kalmar, 8,4 percent of the people who were heard in the news had a foreign background. This is a little higher than the percentage of the population who was born in another country in the region that these news are supposed to cover. In Malmö, 11,1 percent of the people who were heard in the news had a foreign background. This is lower than the percentage in this station’s region. Both news directors agree that the representation of people with foreign background could be better in their news.</p><p>Our conclusions are that the percentage of people with foreign background in the local area that the news is supposed to cover seems to matter very little when it comes to their representation in the news-broadcasts. We discuss different possible reasons for this in the paper.</p></p>

This framing analysis used content analysis to show how a newspaper with a more liberal slant, The Age, and a newspaper with a more conservative slant, The Australian, used frames, sources, and valence in their news and opinion coverage of a very complex scientific and political issue ? climate change. The sample included 1,019 news and opinion articles from 1997 through 2007 in The Australian and The Age. The study revealed that the controversy over climate change was still prevalent in two Australian newspapers. Results showed that The Australian and The Age displayed different prominent frames, sources, and valence in their climate change coverage. Overall, The Australian was more critical and uncertain about climate change, while The Age aimed to educate its readers about the background of the issue and inspire action.

The purpose of this paper is to study the diversity in Swedish Public Service Radio channel P4. We study the diversity both among the editorial news staff and in the news-broadcasts. We also study the opinions of two news directors of the Swedish Public Service Radio channel P4. The organisation has a national diversity policy that they should follow. We investigate if it is really followed or if it is just a document. We use Social Responsibility Theory to explain why media images should represent the actual society and Media Logic to explain the result of our study. We think it is important that media represent the same population as the region which it covers. We used a quantitative method to explore the diversity in the news-broadcasts for two weeks (288 broadcasts) listening for people with a foreign background and qualitative interviews to find the opinions of the news directors in Kalmar and Malmö. To study the diversity in the editorial staff we used e-mail and telephone contact with the management on each of the 25 stations nationwide. We define foreign background as someone who the audience might assume as coming from a different country based on accent, pronunciation or name. Our results show that nine percent of the editorial news staff on Swedish Public Service Channel P4 has a foreign background by our definition. 53 percent of them are women and 47 percent are men. 60 percent of these journalists are between 26 and 45 years of age. In Kalmar, 8,4 percent of the people who were heard in the news had a foreign background. This is a little higher than the percentage of the population who was born in another country in the region that these news are supposed to cover. In Malmö, 11,1 percent of the people who were heard in the news had a foreign background. This is lower than the percentage in this station’s region. Both news directors agree that the representation of people with foreign background could be better in their news. Our conclusions are that the percentage of people with foreign background in the local area that the news is supposed to cover seems to matter very little when it comes to their representation in the news-broadcasts. We discuss different possible reasons for this in the paper.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2002. / Advisor: Dr. Kathleen Burnett, Florida State University, School of Information Studies. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 3, 2003). Includes bibliographical references.

The aim of this thesis is to study what means are used in newspaper leaders (editorials) to influence public opinion. In order to obtain a wide range of such means, I have chosen material that has a clear timeframe and illustrates strong political antagonism, concerning the 1971 conflict between the Saco and SR unions and the Swedish state. Leaders from eight different newspapers with different party affiliations are analysed – six morning and two evening newspapers. What type of message leaders convey is examined mainly at the sentence level. Writers report what happened, assess the situation and analyse the causes and explanations for there being a labour conflict. They express criticism of those involved in various ways and exhort them to take recommended courses of action to resolve the conflict. Paragraphs can also be categorised in this way. How criticism is expressed is studied in detail because the material is rich in critical utterances of different types.  Various theories about text types and speech act theory provide a theoretical background that is applied to the material. A number of different theories about what defines a genre are presented and tested on the leaders. The results of the investigation indicate that a large number of leaders from the morning newspapers are structured in a similar way, with the paragraph as the unit. They reveal a pattern, the normal pattern, where information is presented in a given order in the majority of morning leaders and the greatest number of message types is used. There is also a pattern of analysis/criticism, with critical and analytical paragraphs alternating and the analysis substantiating the criticism, as a rule. The few leaders in the morning newspapers that do not form a pattern may be strongly critical or almost solely analytical. One of the morning newspapers has many critical leaders that argue or incite. No analysis is made of evening newspaper leaders at the paragraph level since the paragraphs are short; instead, they are analysed as a whole, as are the argumentative leaders. The analysis shows that many leaders are structured in a similar way while at the same time there is considerable variation in the material, which is attributable to there being different types of editorials.

El tema de la Piratería de libros del Perú, surgió como tema de investigación, debido a la existencia de pocos trabajados referidas a la piratería de libros; asimismo, la falta de análisis estadísticos actualizados por parte de la Cámara Peruana del Libro. Durante el proceso de investigación se encontró que la exclusividad de la piratería no era sólo el libro. Por el contrario, este fenómeno se extiende al entorno de los videos, grabaciones sonoras, libros digitales y software, hecho que exige el control y la vigilancia más exhaustivas de las instituciones que tienen a su cargo, controlar la expansión de la piratería y así lograr la disminución ó eliminación de este flagelo en nuestro medio. La investigación revisa varios temas, como la Propiedad Intelectual, Derecho de Autor, La Ley del Libro en nuestro medio, y las actividades del INDECOPI , Centro Español de Derecho Reprográfico, entre otros. Del control que tienen a la Piratería, las instituciones mencionadas anteriormente, surge el trabajo de estudio que tiene como objetivo general. • Identificar y describir las causas que permiten el incremento de la piratería de libros en el Perú. En la recolección de la información, se accedió a bibliotecas especializadas de las principales instituciones referidas al tema, para realizar la revisión bibliográfica. Se realizó entrevistas a especialistas y opiniones de investigadores no relacionados al tema. Se puede concluir que el Gobierno, representado por Indecopi, es el principal agente para la supervisión del cumplimiento de la legislación en protección del derecho de autor, y como consecuencia directa la disminución de la Piratería de libros en el Perú. El presente estudio consta de cuatro capítulos: el Primer Capítulo incluye la justificación y el marco teórico de la Propiedad Intelectual. El Capítulo Segundo se denomina la Propiedad Intelectual y la actividad editorial, describe los conceptos diferenciados entre Propiedad Intelectual y Derecho de Autor, la Piratería como delito y su participación en la industria editorial. El Tercer Capítulo se refiere a la piratería editorial en el Perú, destacando reprografía (fotocopiado), niveles, precios de piratería comparados con países de Latinoamérica; también se aborda la Ley del Libro, sus observaciones y principales acciones en contra de la Piratería. Posteriormente, la función administrativa del Estado, representado por INDECOPI y los diversos procedimientos legales al incurrir en la infracción a la ley del derecho de autor. En el Cuarto Capítulo se formulan propuestas tendientes a revertir la problemática del libro; así mismo, se considera la evaluación y modificación de los artículos referidos al destino de los libros piratas presentados en el Decreto Legislativo 822, la reglamentación de la Ley del libro, los aspectos económicos y la necesidad de contar con una sociedad de gestión colectiva en el rubro de autores o en derechos reprográficos. Finalmente, se presenta las conclusiones y recomendaciones del estudio.

Los discursos negadores de la historicidad concreta y de la particularidad en el proceso generador de conocimiento surgen, como todos los discursos, de un posicionamiento ideológico. Lo que sucede con aquellos es que ocultan su opción detrás de supuestas “verdades científicas”, por supuesto metahistóricas. Se trata, en última instancia, de decisiones políticas sólo explicables en contextos precisos y delimitados. Desde el título mismo de mi proyecto de tesis estoy comprometido (reconozco que obstinado) con que la misma se exprese en tanto <i>Ensayos</i> –como relato no demostrativo sino argumentativo) y no como monografía, género avalado en exclusiva por el sistema de poder que hegemoniza los procesos de producción y distribución de conocimiento y que, como la propia palabra lo indica -una sola escritura-, funcionaliza al relato como instrumento de opresión.

The aim of this essay was to examine whether 10 Swedish newspapers editorial pages and their leader writers changed their view on Mikhail Gorbachev before, during and after the August Coup in 1991. Moreover, the aim was also to see if the editorial pages used the same sources when they wrote about Gorbachev. In this essay four main questions were asked: - How is Gorbachev described before the August Coup? - How is Gorbachev described during the August Coup? - How is Gorbachev described after the August Coup? - What sources did the editorial pages use when they wrote about Gorbachev? Ten newspapers and their editorial pages from the period of 1-31 August and 1-6 September, as well as 10-31 December 1991 and 1 January 1992 were examined. It was discovered that most of the editorial pages changed their view from being negative in August to being more positive in December. As a conclusion it can be stated that the examined editorial pages did not write much about Gorbachev in the beginning of August and if they did mention him it was in a negative tone. One of the reasons for the lack of mentioning during the August Coup could be that the leader writers were not sure whether Gorbachev would return back to power. In December the views about Gorbachev were mostly positive, which could be related to the fact that the Soviet Union was about to become dissolved. Regarding the sources some of the newspapers referred to the same sources without giving clear information about where the source came from. A majority of the editorial pages referred to the meeting between Gorbachev and George Bush, as well as to Gorbachev’s meeting with the Supreme Soviet after the August Coup.