Originally published as: Thesis (doctoral)--Wageningen Universiteit, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-201).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Leadership and Foundations. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Ed. (Education))--Rhodes University, 2006. / In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters in Education (Educational Leadership Management).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-06T13:03:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-10-06T13:18:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000850715.pdf: 605090 bytes, checksum: 57b39639072ca27c6bf78395a424f03e (MD5) / Esta pesquisa analisa o tratamento dado à educação do campo nas Constituições Federais (CF), na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB), nos Planos Nacionais de Educação (PNE) e nos documentos da Conferência Nacional de Educação 2010 (Conae) - que contemplam os debates e as proposições para o PNE 2014/2024 -, tendo em vista que o planejamento da educação é um ato político, não neutro, e constitui, assim como toda legislação elaborada sob a égide do sistema capitalista, uma tentativa de conciliação da disputa de classes sociais. O objetivo era investigar se o teor das propostas oriundas da Conae foi contemplado no PL no 8035/2010 e nas etapas de sua tramitação no Congresso Nacional. Com base na análise documental, verificamos que o PL no 8035/2010 não refletiu o conjunto de decisões da Conae, e que os substitutivos apresentados pelos parlamentares, por causa da pressão dos movimentos sociais organizados e do contexto de sua tramitação, acrescentaram algumas metas e estratégias relacionadas à educação do campo para retomar as decisões da conferência. Sobre o PNE 2014-2024, sancionado sem vetos em junho de 2014, pesam críticas de entidades que pediam o veto presidencial a pontos em desacordo com as decisões da Conae 2010. Nesse PNE, as estratégias e metas que tratam da educação do campo são pautadas no novo paradigma proposto pelo Movimento Nacional por uma Educação do Campo, que defende a especificidade da educação do campo ao propor uma pedagogia e conteúdos próprios para os moradores da zona rural. Entendemos que essa visão, aliada às pedagogias pós-modernas, é fragmentada e limitada, podendo dissolver a disputa de classes e a luta histórica pela escola pública como catalisadora de um novo homem e uma nova sociedade / This research analyzes the education field in Federal Constitutions (CF), the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education (LDB), the National Education Plans (NAPs), and the documents of the National Education Conference 2010 (CONAE), the latter includes the recent discussion and proposals for the PNE 2011/2020. The planning of education is a political act, not a neutral, and constitutes, like all legislation drafted under the auspices of the capitalist system, in an attempt to reconcile the dispute classes. The aim was to investigate whether the content of the proposals from the CONAE was contemplated in the PL 8035/2010 and the steps of it in the National Congress. Based on documentary analysis, we found that the PL in 8035/2010 did not reflect the set of decisions of CONAE, the substitute submitted by parliamentarians, the pressure of organized social movements and the context of its course, add some goals and strategies on education field which include the decisions of CONAE. Regarding to PNE 2014-2024 sanctioned without vetoes, in June 2014, weigh critical entities who demanded presidential veto points that show disagreement with the decisions of CONAE 2010 its strategies and goals that deal with rural education are based on new paradigm proposed by the National Movement of Rural Education. This presents the defense of the specificity of field education, suggests a pedagogy and content themselves to camp residents. We believe that this vision is fragmented and limited, ally themselves with postmodern pedagogies, dissolving the race classes and the historical struggle for public school as a catalyst for a new man and society

Thesis (DTech (Education))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. / Multi-grade teaching is a worldwide phenomenon. Meeting the basic needs of rural people in developing countries is a major challenge to achieve the Millennium Development Goals of the Education for All programmes. Situation analyses carried out by Little (1995, 2001, 2003, 2004 and 2005), Juvane (2005), Taylor and Mulhalll (1997) and Atchoarena and Gasperini (2003) indicate that multi-grade schools are common in impoverished, low population settlements such as remote areas and small villages. Researchers like Berry (2001), Pratt (1986) and Bryk (1994) report evidence that multi-grade schools can be positive places for learners and teachers. Observations done by Rao (2004), McGinn (1996) and McEwan and Benveniste (2001) show that successful models of multi-grade teaching already exist. Examples of addressing the isolation of multi-grade settings are found in Finland and Greece, where ICT is utilized to address this challenge. The "active" pedagogy which researchers like Little (1995, 2003 and 2005), Juvane (2005), Miller (1999) and McEwan and Benveniste (2001) promote for multigrade schools expects teachers to guide activities to be completed, and allows for free activities, which require application of the knowledge gained. It also involves creative exploration and application of regional-specific knowledge and relies upon learners to acquire and construct knowledge for themselves, guided by the teacher. Atchoarena and Gasperini (2005:6) believe in an integrated learning concept which bases its focus on the notion that effective learning is not limited to the classroom, but that, through use of community resources the curricula can "come alive."The "active" pedagogy and the expected participation of communities in the teaching and learning process should not only be for the benefit of the multi-grade class but should also be applicable to teaching and learning in mono-grade classes. This contributes to Bingham's (1995:6) view that a natural community of learners is inclusive of experiences outside school boundaries in the larger world. According to the Ministerial Committee on Rural Education (2005:12), South Africa's first ten years of democracy, are after 1994, characterized by an overwhelming commitment to equality, to treat everyone in the same way no matter what his or her differences are. Hence, the management and funding of rural schools are similar to the principles and formulas of those of urban schools. So too, curriculum and pedagogies of rural schooling are planned to be the same as those found in rural settings. Emerging Voices (2205:12) and Joubert (2005:3) agree that rural education has to provide the means to enable generations to break out of the recurring cycle of unskilled labour and resultant poverty. State education must deliver learners who are able to read, write and are numerate and furthermore deliver trained teachers for the multigrade Irural school system. In the literacy reviewed, it is clear that curricula, learning materials, teacher education and assessment are necessary components of an integrated strategy for learning and teaching in multi-grade settings. Surrounding these strategies is the need for national policies for curriculums, materials, teacher education and assessment that recognize, legitimate and support learners and teachers in multi-grade settings. The researcher identified two interventions, which addressed the above mentioned multi-grade phenomenon in South Africa, namely the Kgatelopele project of the Limpopo Education Department launched in 2000 and the Multi-grade Rural School Intervention (MGRSI) in the Western Cape Province launched in 2001. Both these interventions focused on the needs of multi-grade schools, and ways to address those needs. The MGRSI was structured according to a logic model, which provided the objectives of the intervention and the strategy, which it intended to follow in order to reach the stated outcomes. This study provided the opportunity to do a case study, which revealed the successes and the challenges of the intervention implemented from 2001 to 2006.

Pensar o papel da família no contexto educacional de seus filhos torna-se temática fundamental diante das novas transformações na sociedade neste início do século XXI. O tema relação família e escola envolve um conjunto de atores e vem sendo discutido constantemente nas últimas décadas como um pilar fundamental para o processo educacional das crianças e jovens. A presente dissertação tem como tema de pesquisa a relação família e escola na Pedagogia da Alternância nas Casas Familiares Rurais de Candói e Rio Bonito do Iguaçu, ambas localizadas no Território Cantuquiriguaçu no Estado do Paraná. Realizou-se uma pesquisa social, de cunho qualitativo, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados observações, visitas a propriedades e entrevistas. Analisou-se comparativamente as duas CFRs, como se processa a relação das famílias com as mesmas e com o processo de ensino aprendizagem de seus filhos. Entendeu-se que a participação da família na Pedagogia da Alternância além de constituir-se enquanto um pilar dessa metodologia também é intrínseca ao compartilhamento de saberes entre pais e filhos dentro do contexto social no qual estão inseridos. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que as famílias necessitam de maiores incentivos e condições para poderem exercer seu direito à participação nas CFRs, pois as propriedades localizam-se em espaços rurais, muitas vezes, de difícil acesso e grande distância das Escolas. / Thinking about the role of the family in the educational context of his sons to become the face of new thematic fundamental changes in society in the XXI century. The theme about family and school involves a set of actors and has been discussed constantly in recent decades as a cornerstone to the educational process of children and youth. This dissertation is a research topic about family and school in the Pedagogy of Alternation in Rural Family Houses Candói of Iguaçu and Rio Bonito, both located in Macau Cantuquiriguaçu in Paraná State. We conducted a social survey, a qualitative, with the data collection instrument observations, interviews and visits to properties. We analyzed comparatively the two CFRs how is the relation of families with them and with the teaching-learning process of their children. It was understood that family participation in the Pedagogy of Alternation besides constituting itself as a pillar of this methodology is also intrinsic to sharing knowledge between parents and children within the social context to which they belong. It was noticed that families need greater incentives and requirements to exercise their right to participate in the CFRs, because the properties are located in rural areas, often difficult to access and long distance Schools.

CAPES / A Pedagogia da Alternância (PA) é uma metodologia de ensino diferenciada, criada inicialmente para atender as necessidades que envolvem a população do campo. Por meio de seus instrumentos pedagógicos, distintos do ensino tradicional, procura, com autonomia, formar crianças e jovens a partir da articulação de tempos e espaços, além de envolver a família e comunidade no processo formativo e no desenvolvimento do meio. Por ter se consolidado como uma alternativa que gerou resultados positivos, a PA se expandiu pelo mundo e hoje, com a formação de vários movimentos, está presente nos cinco continentes. No Brasil, existem dois movimentos atuantes que utilizam a PA, o denominado italiano, que deu origem as EFAs e o francês, responsável pela implantação das CFRs. É nesse contexto que a presente pesquisa está inserida, a qual apresenta o seguinte objetivo: analisar as origens, princípios e fundamentos teórico-metodológicos da Pedagogia da Alternância e sua implantação no Brasil, bem como alguns de seus desdobramentos atuais. Com isso, leva-se em consideração, além dos movimentos brasileiros, aqueles que influenciaram sua origem, o criado na França e o criado na Itália. O estudo se caracteriza como teórico, qualitativo de caráter bibliográfico e documental. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de busca junto ao banco de dados do CEPAD da UTFPR e nas páginas de web das instituições envolvidas. Após a identificação e seleção de documentos e bibliografias, foi realizada a análise qualitativa dos dados. Os resultados obtidos apontam que a Pedagogia da Alternância praticada pelas EFAs italianas e pelas CFRs brasileiras vem passando por significativas mudanças ao longo do tempo, mantendo-se firme apenas no princípio da alternância de tempos e espaços, enquanto as MFRs francesas e EFAs brasileiras, passaram por adaptações, mas continuam sólidas aos princípios da PA. A pesquisa também mostrou que as CFRs no Paraná encontram-se em situação de instabilidade quanto ao seu futuro, pois os vínculos com o governo estão fragilizados. Diante disso, o presente estudo procurou refletir sobre o sentido e as possibilidades da PA e de seus fundamentos que garantem a autonomia e resistência dessa metodologia nos seus locais de origem. Para tanto, a pesquisa apresenta contribuições no que tange a elucidação do processo de expansão dos movimentos nos três países abordados, bem como os tensionamentos enfrentados por cada um e suas transformações, a fim de evidenciar a importância da PA para a educação e formação integral dos jovens e desenvolvimento do meio. / The Pedagogy of Alternation (PA) is a differentiated teaching methodology, originally created to meet the needs that involve the population of the field. Through its educational procedures, distinct from the traditional education, demand, with autonomy, to form children and young people through the articulation of time and space, and involve the family and community in the educational process and in local development. Having been established as an alternative that generated positive results, the PA has expanded the world and today, with the formation of various movements, is present on five continents. In Brazil, there are two active movements using the PA, the Italian, which afforded the EFAs and the French, responsible for implantation the CFRs. Is in this context, the present research is inserted, which the following objective: to analyse the origins, principles and theoretical-methodological foundations of Pedagogy of Alternation and its implantation in Brazil, as well as some of its current unfolding. With this, it takes into consideration, besides the Brazilian movements, those who influenced its origin, the raised in France and the raised in Italy. The study is characterized as a theoretical, qualitative, bibliographic and documental. The data collection was carried out by searching in the CEPAD/UTFPR database and in the web pages of the institutions involved. After the identification and selection of documents and bibliographies, was realized the qualitative analysis of the data. The results indicate that the Pedagogy of Alternation practiced by the Italian EFAs and the Brazilian CFRs has undergone significant changes over time, keeping only firm the principle alternation of time and space, while the French MFRs and Brazilian EFAs, passed by adaptations, but still solid to principles of PA. The survey also showed that the CFRs in Parana are in a situation of instability about their future, since the links with the government are weakened. Thus, the present study sought to reflect on the meaning and the scope of the PA and its foundations that guarantee the autonomy and strength of this methodology in their places of origin. Therefore, the research presents contributions regarding the elucidation about expansion process of the movements in the three covered countries as well as those faced tensions by each and their transformations in order to highlight the importance of PA for education, comprehensive training of young and to development of the middle.

Pensar o papel da família no contexto educacional de seus filhos torna-se temática fundamental diante das novas transformações na sociedade neste início do século XXI. O tema relação família e escola envolve um conjunto de atores e vem sendo discutido constantemente nas últimas décadas como um pilar fundamental para o processo educacional das crianças e jovens. A presente dissertação tem como tema de pesquisa a relação família e escola na Pedagogia da Alternância nas Casas Familiares Rurais de Candói e Rio Bonito do Iguaçu, ambas localizadas no Território Cantuquiriguaçu no Estado do Paraná. Realizou-se uma pesquisa social, de cunho qualitativo, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados observações, visitas a propriedades e entrevistas. Analisou-se comparativamente as duas CFRs, como se processa a relação das famílias com as mesmas e com o processo de ensino aprendizagem de seus filhos. Entendeu-se que a participação da família na Pedagogia da Alternância além de constituir-se enquanto um pilar dessa metodologia também é intrínseca ao compartilhamento de saberes entre pais e filhos dentro do contexto social no qual estão inseridos. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que as famílias necessitam de maiores incentivos e condições para poderem exercer seu direito à participação nas CFRs, pois as propriedades localizam-se em espaços rurais, muitas vezes, de difícil acesso e grande distância das Escolas. / Thinking about the role of the family in the educational context of his sons to become the face of new thematic fundamental changes in society in the XXI century. The theme about family and school involves a set of actors and has been discussed constantly in recent decades as a cornerstone to the educational process of children and youth. This dissertation is a research topic about family and school in the Pedagogy of Alternation in Rural Family Houses Candói of Iguaçu and Rio Bonito, both located in Macau Cantuquiriguaçu in Paraná State. We conducted a social survey, a qualitative, with the data collection instrument observations, interviews and visits to properties. We analyzed comparatively the two CFRs how is the relation of families with them and with the teaching-learning process of their children. It was understood that family participation in the Pedagogy of Alternation besides constituting itself as a pillar of this methodology is also intrinsic to sharing knowledge between parents and children within the social context to which they belong. It was noticed that families need greater incentives and requirements to exercise their right to participate in the CFRs, because the properties are located in rural areas, often difficult to access and long distance Schools.

CAPES / A Pedagogia da Alternância (PA) é uma metodologia de ensino diferenciada, criada inicialmente para atender as necessidades que envolvem a população do campo. Por meio de seus instrumentos pedagógicos, distintos do ensino tradicional, procura, com autonomia, formar crianças e jovens a partir da articulação de tempos e espaços, além de envolver a família e comunidade no processo formativo e no desenvolvimento do meio. Por ter se consolidado como uma alternativa que gerou resultados positivos, a PA se expandiu pelo mundo e hoje, com a formação de vários movimentos, está presente nos cinco continentes. No Brasil, existem dois movimentos atuantes que utilizam a PA, o denominado italiano, que deu origem as EFAs e o francês, responsável pela implantação das CFRs. É nesse contexto que a presente pesquisa está inserida, a qual apresenta o seguinte objetivo: analisar as origens, princípios e fundamentos teórico-metodológicos da Pedagogia da Alternância e sua implantação no Brasil, bem como alguns de seus desdobramentos atuais. Com isso, leva-se em consideração, além dos movimentos brasileiros, aqueles que influenciaram sua origem, o criado na França e o criado na Itália. O estudo se caracteriza como teórico, qualitativo de caráter bibliográfico e documental. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de busca junto ao banco de dados do CEPAD da UTFPR e nas páginas de web das instituições envolvidas. Após a identificação e seleção de documentos e bibliografias, foi realizada a análise qualitativa dos dados. Os resultados obtidos apontam que a Pedagogia da Alternância praticada pelas EFAs italianas e pelas CFRs brasileiras vem passando por significativas mudanças ao longo do tempo, mantendo-se firme apenas no princípio da alternância de tempos e espaços, enquanto as MFRs francesas e EFAs brasileiras, passaram por adaptações, mas continuam sólidas aos princípios da PA. A pesquisa também mostrou que as CFRs no Paraná encontram-se em situação de instabilidade quanto ao seu futuro, pois os vínculos com o governo estão fragilizados. Diante disso, o presente estudo procurou refletir sobre o sentido e as possibilidades da PA e de seus fundamentos que garantem a autonomia e resistência dessa metodologia nos seus locais de origem. Para tanto, a pesquisa apresenta contribuições no que tange a elucidação do processo de expansão dos movimentos nos três países abordados, bem como os tensionamentos enfrentados por cada um e suas transformações, a fim de evidenciar a importância da PA para a educação e formação integral dos jovens e desenvolvimento do meio. / The Pedagogy of Alternation (PA) is a differentiated teaching methodology, originally created to meet the needs that involve the population of the field. Through its educational procedures, distinct from the traditional education, demand, with autonomy, to form children and young people through the articulation of time and space, and involve the family and community in the educational process and in local development. Having been established as an alternative that generated positive results, the PA has expanded the world and today, with the formation of various movements, is present on five continents. In Brazil, there are two active movements using the PA, the Italian, which afforded the EFAs and the French, responsible for implantation the CFRs. Is in this context, the present research is inserted, which the following objective: to analyse the origins, principles and theoretical-methodological foundations of Pedagogy of Alternation and its implantation in Brazil, as well as some of its current unfolding. With this, it takes into consideration, besides the Brazilian movements, those who influenced its origin, the raised in France and the raised in Italy. The study is characterized as a theoretical, qualitative, bibliographic and documental. The data collection was carried out by searching in the CEPAD/UTFPR database and in the web pages of the institutions involved. After the identification and selection of documents and bibliographies, was realized the qualitative analysis of the data. The results indicate that the Pedagogy of Alternation practiced by the Italian EFAs and the Brazilian CFRs has undergone significant changes over time, keeping only firm the principle alternation of time and space, while the French MFRs and Brazilian EFAs, passed by adaptations, but still solid to principles of PA. The survey also showed that the CFRs in Parana are in a situation of instability about their future, since the links with the government are weakened. Thus, the present study sought to reflect on the meaning and the scope of the PA and its foundations that guarantee the autonomy and strength of this methodology in their places of origin. Therefore, the research presents contributions regarding the elucidation about expansion process of the movements in the three covered countries as well as those faced tensions by each and their transformations in order to highlight the importance of PA for education, comprehensive training of young and to development of the middle.

The purpose of this study was to explore the career decision making of grade 12 learners at a rural high school in Limpopo. The world of work has changed and there is a need for young people entering this world of work to be well matched and have the necessary skills to cope with the challenges it brings. Informed career decision-making is therefore essential. The study was exploratory and qualitative in nature, conducted within an interpretive paradigm. A purposeful sample consisting of 18 grade 12 learners at a rural high school in Limpopo was utilised. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and data were analysed using the thematic analysis. The study findings identified the factors considered by the learners under study in career decision-making as well as the challenges they face, when making career related decisions. The results were integrated with literature and theory and finally recommendations to aid the learners’ in their career decision-making. Recommendations for future research were also made. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)