Ao oferecer condições, tanto para que o indivíduo possa enfrentar situações novas que se delineiam frente aos avanços das tecnologias de informação e comunicação, como para que ele possa gerar descobertas e inovações, novas políticas de formação são requeridas. O cenário mais provável do processo de ensino e aprendizagem será o de sistemas \"integrados\", que oferecem oportunidades diversas de formação, organizáveis de modo flexível, com atividades presenciais e a distância, viabilizando a interação entre professores e estudantes. As DINÂMICAS COLABORATIVAS apresentam-se, então, como uma estratégia educativa para a formação do futuro profissional. A presente pesquisa investigou quais fatores interferem na dinâmica de colaboração on line em processos educacionais desencadeados em cursos via Internet. Para isso, o presente estudo apresentou a análise de uma proposta pedagógica de dinâmica colaborativa construída pela pesquisadora, desenvolvida em uma disciplina de pósgraduação na modalidade a distância, via Internet, em quatro edições consecutivas. Com encaminhamento de natureza qualitativa, adotou-se como estratégia de pesquisa o Método do Estudo de Caso. A partir do reagrupamento dos dados coletados, foram delimitadas cinco categorias, as quais orientaram a análise e ordenaram a construção do texto da pesquisa: infraestrutura tecnológica, posturas individuais, posturas coletivas, estratégias metodológicas colaborativas e gestão. O resultado dessa investigação comprovou a hipótese de que as dinâmicas colaborativas on line possibilitam a criação de uma comunidade de aprendizagem e revelam-se como formas diferenciadas de se atuar com qualidade em educação on line, uma vez que atividades em grupo constituem o cerne da formação atual, tanto presencial quanto a distância. A análise dos dados coletados demonstrou que tais dinâmicas colaborativas consistem num processo complexo de atividades sociolingüísticas. Esse processo envolve a inter-relação de aspectos cognitivo-afetivos individuais e construção social de conhecimento, onde ocorre identificação pessoal por meio da interação com outras pessoas. Assim, devem ser considerados os fatores pertinentes à mediação de atividades individuais e de grupo, tendo por meta o alcance de objetivos comuns de aprendizagem. O foco não deve ser a tecnologia, mas a atividade humana em realização. / Once conditions are offered, not only to the individual can face the new situations present in the advances of information and communication technologies, but also to he/she can generate new discoveries and innovations, new policies of formation are required. The most probable scenery of teaching and learning process will be that of \"integrated\" systems, that offer several opportunities of formation, organized by a flexible way, with in-class and at a distance activities, making possible the teachers-students interaction. Thus, the COLLABORATIVE DYNAMICS present themselves as an educational strategy to the formation of the future professional. The present research investigated which factors interfere in the collaborative dynamic on line in the educational processes aroused from courses via Internet. To this end, the present study presented the analysis of a collaborative dynamic pedagogical proposal designed by the researcher, developed in a post-graduation discipline in distance modality, via Internet, in four consecutive editions. With a qualitative nature orientation, the Study of Case Method was adopted as the research strategy. From the collected data regroup, five categories were delimited, which oriented the analysis and arranged the research text construction: technological infra-structure, individual postures, collective postures, collaborative methodological strategies and management. The result of this investigation confirmed the hypothesis that collaborative dynamics on line make possible the creation of a learning community and revel themselves as different ways of acting with quality in on line education, since group activities constitute the core of the current formation, both in-class and at a distance. The collected data analysis demonstrated that such collaborative dynamics consist in a complex process of socio-linguistic activities. This process involves the inter-relation of individual affective/cognitive aspects and social construction of knowledge, in which personal identification occurs by means of the interaction with other people. Thus, the factors related to the mediation of individual and group activities must be considerate, aiming at reaching the common objectives of learning. The focus should not be the technology, but the human activity in progress.

Ao oferecer condições, tanto para que o indivíduo possa enfrentar situações novas que se delineiam frente aos avanços das tecnologias de informação e comunicação, como para que ele possa gerar descobertas e inovações, novas políticas de formação são requeridas. O cenário mais provável do processo de ensino e aprendizagem será o de sistemas \"integrados\", que oferecem oportunidades diversas de formação, organizáveis de modo flexível, com atividades presenciais e a distância, viabilizando a interação entre professores e estudantes. As DINÂMICAS COLABORATIVAS apresentam-se, então, como uma estratégia educativa para a formação do futuro profissional. A presente pesquisa investigou quais fatores interferem na dinâmica de colaboração on line em processos educacionais desencadeados em cursos via Internet. Para isso, o presente estudo apresentou a análise de uma proposta pedagógica de dinâmica colaborativa construída pela pesquisadora, desenvolvida em uma disciplina de pósgraduação na modalidade a distância, via Internet, em quatro edições consecutivas. Com encaminhamento de natureza qualitativa, adotou-se como estratégia de pesquisa o Método do Estudo de Caso. A partir do reagrupamento dos dados coletados, foram delimitadas cinco categorias, as quais orientaram a análise e ordenaram a construção do texto da pesquisa: infraestrutura tecnológica, posturas individuais, posturas coletivas, estratégias metodológicas colaborativas e gestão. O resultado dessa investigação comprovou a hipótese de que as dinâmicas colaborativas on line possibilitam a criação de uma comunidade de aprendizagem e revelam-se como formas diferenciadas de se atuar com qualidade em educação on line, uma vez que atividades em grupo constituem o cerne da formação atual, tanto presencial quanto a distância. A análise dos dados coletados demonstrou que tais dinâmicas colaborativas consistem num processo complexo de atividades sociolingüísticas. Esse processo envolve a inter-relação de aspectos cognitivo-afetivos individuais e construção social de conhecimento, onde ocorre identificação pessoal por meio da interação com outras pessoas. Assim, devem ser considerados os fatores pertinentes à mediação de atividades individuais e de grupo, tendo por meta o alcance de objetivos comuns de aprendizagem. O foco não deve ser a tecnologia, mas a atividade humana em realização. / Once conditions are offered, not only to the individual can face the new situations present in the advances of information and communication technologies, but also to he/she can generate new discoveries and innovations, new policies of formation are required. The most probable scenery of teaching and learning process will be that of \"integrated\" systems, that offer several opportunities of formation, organized by a flexible way, with in-class and at a distance activities, making possible the teachers-students interaction. Thus, the COLLABORATIVE DYNAMICS present themselves as an educational strategy to the formation of the future professional. The present research investigated which factors interfere in the collaborative dynamic on line in the educational processes aroused from courses via Internet. To this end, the present study presented the analysis of a collaborative dynamic pedagogical proposal designed by the researcher, developed in a post-graduation discipline in distance modality, via Internet, in four consecutive editions. With a qualitative nature orientation, the Study of Case Method was adopted as the research strategy. From the collected data regroup, five categories were delimited, which oriented the analysis and arranged the research text construction: technological infra-structure, individual postures, collective postures, collaborative methodological strategies and management. The result of this investigation confirmed the hypothesis that collaborative dynamics on line make possible the creation of a learning community and revel themselves as different ways of acting with quality in on line education, since group activities constitute the core of the current formation, both in-class and at a distance. The collected data analysis demonstrated that such collaborative dynamics consist in a complex process of socio-linguistic activities. This process involves the inter-relation of individual affective/cognitive aspects and social construction of knowledge, in which personal identification occurs by means of the interaction with other people. Thus, the factors related to the mediation of individual and group activities must be considerate, aiming at reaching the common objectives of learning. The focus should not be the technology, but the human activity in progress.

Doctor Educationis / This is a doctoral thesis in which the effectiveness of selected educational approaches in facilitating adult learning, using cattle farmers in the Onamhinda village was tested. In this study I tested three educational approaches of content centred, learner centred and situation centred for their ability to facilitate learning, which could bring about change in society. I used cattle farmers as a target group because the livelihood of farmers in north central Namibia depends on agriculture, mainly millet and beef production. The study began by discussing the selected approaches in relation to the relevant learning theories as a basis for the theoretical framework of facilitating adult learning and to support the hypothesis that certain educational approaches, if used under the right conditions, will facilitate significant learning among the target audience. The research design used in testing this hypothesis followed an action and qualitative design. It followed an action research design in order to get participants involved in their own learning, to put into practice what has been learned and be able to evaluate and discuss their progress. Through a qualitative design the study explored a much broader phenomenon of facilitating adult learning on a large scale and enabled reliable data collection to be undertaken for a study conducted in an environment where there were no tight controls over the learning process. An educational programme for cattle farmers was developed and used as a tool in testing the educational approaches. The educational programme utilised a combination of learning techniques to provide a means of learning for cattle farmers, which included a radio course of 12 lessons, self help facilitated study groups, printed materials and demonstrations by experts. In addition, a feedback system was built into the educational programme to enable participants to ask questions and experts to respond to such questions. The educational programme materials were written in the local language of Oshiwambo, and the research study was organised around a study group of 17 participants and two facilitators as well as a participant observer. A participant observation research method was used to observe and collect data during all learning sessions of the educational campaign. Furthermore, four months after the educational campaign a summative evaluation was conducted to assess the impact of the educational programme on the target audience and to learn more about how these types of approaches facilitated learning among farmers. The analysis of data explored whether such learning was significant enough to bring about social change and sustainable development. The study assisted in creating an opportunity for rural people to learn collectively and influence each other for positive change and to enable them to participate fully in their own development. It proved that using a combination of educational approaches and incorporating well developed communication strategies adult educators will be able to provide enhanced learning opportunities and reach even the remotest human being alive. Recommendations are given for successful implementation and replicating the educational approaches at a large scale and for other vital adult learning opportunities in the country and elsewhere.

The presented masters thesis deals with selected educational approaches that are used in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder. The theoretical part defines the broad concept of autism, the role of preschool education, and describes methods of work with autistic children of the given age. It also explains the basic characteristics of the Son-Rise program, Applied Behavioral Analysis and TEACCH. In the empiric part within the qualitative research survey, the thesis aims to obtain an overview of the views of teachers focused on the advantages and disadvantages of selected methods. KEYWORDS autism spectrum disorders, TEACCH, Son-Rise program, applied behavior analysis, educational approaches, autism, preschool education

The aim of this study is to investigate what educational approaches and strategies that are used by five teachers of English as a second language (ESL) and how they differ between three different schools. This was done through reviewing literature about educational approaches and strategies in ESL and analyzing the responses from a questionnaire given to five teachers in grades seven to nine at three different schools. The results showed a wide usage of the following approaches and strategies: using computers, including drama and role-playing, watching films and TV programs in English, listening to radio, news, or songs in English, using code-switching, encouraging pupils to speak like native speakers, teaching about cultures where English is spoken, and promoting discussions and social interaction.   The results of this study showed that most of the differences exist between the individual teachers rather than between the schools, when it comes to the use of and attitudes towards these approaches and strategies. However, the two which differed the most, judging from the responses, were: using code-switching and encouraging pupils to speak like native speakers. In these two cases it was possible to see differences both between specific schools and teachers.

Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie studie word die metableties-eksemplariese aanloop tot die globaliseringsverskynsel ondersoek. Daar word gekonsentreer op die benadering van vier f ilosowe wat met reg die f ilosof iese wegbereiders van bogenoemde verskynsel genoem kan word. Feuerbach, Marx, Nietzsche en Dewey het gewis •n belangrike bydrae tot die bevordering van die Globalisme gelewer. Vervolgens word op die aanloop tot •n plurale samelewingsverband en die fundamentele rol van verskeie ideologiee gef okus. Verskeie globalistiese en inoutentieke opvoedings- en onderwysbenaderings word ook ontleed om die neerslag van die Globalisme op onderwysgebied aan die lig te bring. Die berekende denke voer die botoon in die globalistiese bestel, gevolglik word die besinnende denke nie in die opvoeding en onderwys in aanmerking geneem nie. Die globaliseringsverskynsel het onder andere die volgende implikasies vir die opvoeding en onderwys: Inoutentieke beroepsafrigting. Identiteitskrisis. Ontheemding Waarde- en normrelativisme. Gedegradeerde mens- en kindbeskouing. Sins- en waarheidsverduistering. / The metabletic-exemplary advance of the phenomenon of Globalism is examined in this study. The approach of four philosophers who may aptly be described as the philosophical pioneers of Globalism, has been focused upon. Feuerbach, Marx, Nietzsche and Dewey have certainly made an important contribution towards the advancement of this phenomenon. The advent of a pluralistic societal structure and the fundamental role of several ideologies, responsible for the advancement of a globalistic society, will also be focused upon. Various inauthentic and globalistic approach~s to education are analised in order to illustrate the impact of Globalism on education. Natural-scientific thought sets the pace in the globalistic order, with the result that reflective thought is not taken into account in education. The implications of the globalistic phenomenon for education are the following: Inauthentic job training. Identity crisis. - Alienation. - Value and norm relativism. - Degraded view of mankind and the child. - Obscurity of truth and meaning. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Historiese Opvoekunde)

Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie studie word die metableties-eksemplariese aanloop tot die globaliseringsverskynsel ondersoek. Daar word gekonsentreer op die benadering van vier f ilosowe wat met reg die f ilosof iese wegbereiders van bogenoemde verskynsel genoem kan word. Feuerbach, Marx, Nietzsche en Dewey het gewis •n belangrike bydrae tot die bevordering van die Globalisme gelewer. Vervolgens word op die aanloop tot •n plurale samelewingsverband en die fundamentele rol van verskeie ideologiee gef okus. Verskeie globalistiese en inoutentieke opvoedings- en onderwysbenaderings word ook ontleed om die neerslag van die Globalisme op onderwysgebied aan die lig te bring. Die berekende denke voer die botoon in die globalistiese bestel, gevolglik word die besinnende denke nie in die opvoeding en onderwys in aanmerking geneem nie. Die globaliseringsverskynsel het onder andere die volgende implikasies vir die opvoeding en onderwys: Inoutentieke beroepsafrigting. Identiteitskrisis. Ontheemding Waarde- en normrelativisme. Gedegradeerde mens- en kindbeskouing. Sins- en waarheidsverduistering. / The metabletic-exemplary advance of the phenomenon of Globalism is examined in this study. The approach of four philosophers who may aptly be described as the philosophical pioneers of Globalism, has been focused upon. Feuerbach, Marx, Nietzsche and Dewey have certainly made an important contribution towards the advancement of this phenomenon. The advent of a pluralistic societal structure and the fundamental role of several ideologies, responsible for the advancement of a globalistic society, will also be focused upon. Various inauthentic and globalistic approach~s to education are analised in order to illustrate the impact of Globalism on education. Natural-scientific thought sets the pace in the globalistic order, with the result that reflective thought is not taken into account in education. The implications of the globalistic phenomenon for education are the following: Inauthentic job training. Identity crisis. - Alienation. - Value and norm relativism. - Degraded view of mankind and the child. - Obscurity of truth and meaning. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Historiese Opvoekunde)