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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Avalia??o da toxicidade subcr?nica e reprodutiva do extrato seco de pericarpo de passiflora edulis variedade flavicarpa degener em ratos

Arruda, Andr?a Caroline Costa de 20 July 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-04-25T22:57:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreaCarolineCostaDeArruda_DISSERT.pdf: 2892778 bytes, checksum: ab6349b021e0a01fec34dc8730e5aa85 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-27T22:19:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreaCarolineCostaDeArruda_DISSERT.pdf: 2892778 bytes, checksum: ab6349b021e0a01fec34dc8730e5aa85 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T22:19:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreaCarolineCostaDeArruda_DISSERT.pdf: 2892778 bytes, checksum: ab6349b021e0a01fec34dc8730e5aa85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-20 / O pericarpo de Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa Degener atualmente est? sendo investigado para fins medicinais. N?o h? relatos na literatura sobre sua toxicidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a toxicidade sub-cr?nica em ratos machos e toxicidade em ratas f?meas prenhes e fetos expostos durante a gesta??o a um extrato obtido por infus?o do pericarpo em ?gua (1:3 m/v; 100o C, 10 min). A composi??o do extrato foi avaliada por meio de rea??es qu?micas e tamb?m por cromatografia de camada delgada. Ratos machos adultos (n=8) foram tratados com 300 mg/kg de extrato, por gavagem, durante 30 dias e ratas prenhes (n=7) do dia 0 ao dia 20 de gesta??o. Os grupos controle de ratos machos (n=8) e ratas f?meas (n=7) receberam ?gua pot?vel (1 ml). Durante o tratamento foram registrados o consumo de ?gua e de ra??o e o peso corporal. No dia 29 o comportamento sexual dos machos foi analisado e, em seguida, metade dos machos de cada grupo receberam ciclofosfamida (50 mg/kg, i.p.) para avalia??o (anti) genot?xica na medula ?ssea e a outra metade recebeu apenas solu??o salina 0,9% (1 mL, i.p.). No dia 30, os machos foram anestesiados para coleta de sangue, medula ?ssea e ?rg?os. No dia 20 de gesta??o, as ratas prenhes foram anestesiadas para avalia??o do desempenho reprodutivo. A an?lise dos fetos foi realizada por exame visceral e esquel?tico. A an?lise fitoqu?mica revelou a presen?a de flavon?ides, alcal?ides inespec?ficos, compostos fen?licos e triterp?nicos. A an?lise estat?stica revelou aus?ncia de diferen?as em todos os par?metros analisados para machos, para f?meas e para fetos experimentais em rela??o aos animais controle. A citotoxicidade foi avaliada pela rela??o entre eritr?citos policrom?ticos e normocrom?ticos (EPC/ENC). A an?lise estat?stica (m?dia ? erro do desvio padr?o) revelou aus?ncia de altera??es na frequ?ncia de EPCMN (controle negativo: 3,26?0,42; controle positivo: 11,72?1,02; experimental negativo: 4,02?0,13; experimental positivo: 10,47?0,87) ou citotoxicidade (controle negativo: 0,37?0,08; controle positivo: 0,23?0,05; experimental negativo: 0,37?0,07; experimental positivo: 0,23?0,02). Este estudo sugere que o extrato aquoso obtido de pericarpo de P. edulis var. flavicarpa Degener n?o foi capaz de promover efeitos t?xicos em ratos nas condi??es utilizadas. / The pericarp of Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa Degener is now being investigated for medicine purposes. There are no reports about it toxicity. The aim of the present study was investigate the sub chronic toxicity in male rats and reproductive toxicity in pregnant rats and exposed fetuses of an extract obtained by infusion of the pericarp in water (1:3 m/v;100o C, 10 min). The extract composition was evaluated by tube reactions and thin lawyer chromatography (TLC). Adult male rats (n=8) were treated with 300 mg/kg of the extract, by gavage, during 30 days and pregnant rats (n=7) from gestation day 0 to day 20. Control received tap water (1 mL). Water and food intakes and body weight gain were recorded. At day 29 of treatment the sexual behavior of the males was analyzed and then half of males from each group received cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg, i.p.) to (anti)genotoxic assessment in bone marrow. At day 30, males were anesthesized for parameters collection. At day 20 of gestation, the dams were anesthesized for reproductive performance evaluation. The fetal analysis was conducted by visceral and skeletal. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, unspecific alkaloids, phenols and triterpenic compounds. Statistical analysis revealed absence of significant differences between experimental and control. This study suggest that the aqueous extract obtained from pericarp of P. edulis var. flavicarpa Degener was not able to promote toxic effects in rats. Cytotoxicity was evaluated with the PCE/NCE ratio (NCE=normochromatic erythrocytes). Statistical analysis (mean ? SEM) revealed absence of changes in the frequency of MNPCE (negative control: 3.26?0.42; positive control: 11.72?1.02; negative experimental: 4.02?0.13; positive experimental: 10.47?0.87) or cytotoxicity (negative control: 0.37?0.08; positive control: 0.23?0.05; negative experimental: 0.37?0.07; positive experimental: 0.23?0.02). This study suggests that the extracts showed no (anti)genotoxic and no cytotoxic activities under the experimental conditions.
22

Fruits and frugivores in a Brazilian Atlantic forest

Galetti, Mauro January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
23

An integrated ecotoxicological assessment of the engineered nanoparticles, C₆₀ fullerenes, in different life stages of marine mussels, Mytilus edulis

Al-Subiai, Sherain Naser January 2011 (has links)
Studies were undertaken to determine ecotoxicological effects of model manufactured or engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), either alone or in combination with a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (i.e. PAHs: fluoranthene) at different levels of biological organisation (viz. biochemical, histological and behavioural levels) in a sentinel, widely distributed marine invertebrate species, Mytilus edulis. With the current and predicted levels of pollution in the marine and coastal environment, there is an urgent need to establish the potential effects of persistent and emerging contaminants which includes ENPs and PAHs, to protect human and environmental health. In this study, initially, it was aimed to optimise the induction of biotransformation enzyme P-450 as a robust biochemical tool and good progress (chapter 3) was made to standardise P-450 in mussel. Due to certain technical and logistic limitations however we could not apply measurement of P-450 as potential biochemical biomarkers in this species. The possibility of using glutathione levels instead in the cell-free component of haemolymph samples as an indicator of oxidative stress, in an analogous way to that used in mammals was evaluated (chapter 4). The evidence suggested that cell-free haemolymph samples collected from adductor muscle of Mytilus edulis may be significantly contaminated with intracellular contents of myocytes of this organ (i.e. adductor muscle) and adductor muscle tissue is more generally useful to determine glutathione system responses. The validation study of different assays using copper as a relevant environmental contaminant (chapter 5) suggested the existence of clear relationships between genotoxic (as determined by induction of DNA strand breaks using the Comet assay) and higher level effects. The results further suggested the feasibility of adoption of an integrated approach and robustness of selected biomarkers to evaluate short and long-term toxic effects of pollutants. A multiple biomarker approach was then used to determine the potential interactive effect of C60 fullerenes in combination with fluoranthene. Where appropriate analytical tools (i.e. ICP-MS, GC-MS) were used to determine the levels of contaminant exposure and characterise the properties of the ENPs. The combined exposure of fluoranthene and C60 fullerenes produced enhanced biological damage at approximately at an- “additive” rather than synergistic level, which appeared to be as a result of oxidative stress (chapter 6). The final experiments were carried out in both the early and adult life stages to test the potential toxicity resulting from photochemical transformation of C60 fullerenes in Mytilus edulis (chapter 7). In general, the results showed, for the first time, genotoxic and developmental impact of the photochemically transformed C60 fullerenes at different life stages of marine mussel. Further research is required to identify the degraded products of C60 fullerenes and to understand the mechanism by which fresh and aged C60 fullerenes induces biological responses including oxidative stress and affect ecologically relevant aquatic organisms at different life stages. The thesis has taken the opportunity to discuss (chapter 8) the importance of applications of biological responses in hazard and risk assessment posed by anthropogenic chemicals in a broader context.
24

Quality characteristics of Newfoundland cultured blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) at pre- and post-harvest stages /

Khan, Muhammad Ahmad, January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Bibliography: leaves 129-148.
25

Drought-Associated Tree Mortality: Global Patterns and Insights from Tree Ring Studies in the Southwestern U.S.A.

Macalady, Alison Kelly January 2015 (has links)
Forests play an important role in the earth system, regulating climate, maintaining biodiversity, and provisioning human communities with water, food and fuel. Interactions between climate and forest dynamics are not well constrained, and high uncertainty characterizes projections of global warming impacts on forests and associated ecosystem services. Recently observed tree mortality and forest die-off forewarn an acceleration of forest change with rising temperature and increased drought. However, the processes leading to tree death during drought are poorly understood, limiting our ability to anticipate future forest dynamics. The objective of this dissertation was to improve understanding of drought-associated tree mortality through literature synthesis and tree-ring studies on trees that survived and died during droughts in the southwestern USA. Specifically, this dissertation 1) documented global tree mortality patterns and identified emerging trends and research gaps; 2) quantified relationships between growth, climate, competition and mortality of piñon pine during droughts in New Mexico; 3) investigated tree defense anatomy as a potentially key element in piñon avoidance of death; and, 4) characterized the climate sensitivity of piñon resin ducts in order to gain insight into potential trends in tree defenses with climate variability and change. There has been an increase in studies reporting tree mortality linked to drought, heat, and the associated activity of insects and pathogens. Cases span the forested continents and occurred in water, light and temperature-limited forests. We hypothesized that increased tree mortality may be an emerging global phenomenon related to rising temperatures and drought (Appendix A). Recent radial growth was 53% higher on average in piñon that survived versus died during two episodes of drought-associated mortality, and statistical models of mortality risk based on average growth, growth variability, and abrupt growth changes correctly classified the status of ~70% of trees. Climate responses and competitive interactions partly explained growth differences between dying and surviving trees, with muted response to wet/cool conditions and enhanced sensitivity to competition from congeners linked to growth patterns associated with death. Discrimination and validation of models of mortality risk varied widely across sites and drought events, indicating shifting growth-mortality relationships and differences in mortality processes across space and time (Appendix B). Pre-formed defense anatomy is strongly associated with piñon survivorship over a range of sites and stand conditions. Models of mortality risk that account for both growth and resin duct attributes had≈10¹⁹ more support than models that contained only growth. The greatest improvement in classification was among trees from the 2000s drought, suggesting an enhanced role for tree defense allocation and/or bark beetle activity during recent warm versus historic cool drought. Accounting for defense characteristics and growth-defense allocation is likely to be important for improving representation of drought-associated mortality (Appendix C). Piñon resin duct chronologies contain climate responses that are coherent and distinct from those of radial growth. Growth responds positively and strongly to previous fall and current winter precipitation, and negatively to late spring and early summer temperature. A relatively equal positive resin duct response to winter precipitation and positive response to mid-to-late summer drought suggests that changes in climate will affect tree defense anatomy in complex ways, with the outcome determined by seasonal changes in precipitation and temperature (Appendix D).
26

The differentiation of tracheary elements from the cambium of Pinus edulis Englem: the correlation of differentiation with measured ring width and environmental factors

Stokes, Marvin A. January 1965 (has links)
No description available.
27

Multi-xenobiotic resistance (MXR) transporters and biotransformation enzymes in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis

Lüdeking, Alexander. January 2004 (has links)
Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.
28

Growth and reproduction of Mytilus edulis (Linnaeus) on the two sides of the Strait of Belle Isle /

Gilkinson, Kent Dennis, January 1983 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.) -- Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1984. / Bibliography: leaves 127-144. Also available online.
29

Aspectos etnobotânicos e etnoecológicos da palmeira juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) e a produção de frutos e polpa em quintais de comunidades quilombolas do Vale do Ribeira, SP

Barroso, Renata Moreira 24 October 2012 (has links)
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Florianópolis, 2009 / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T19:39:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / As comunidades quilombolas encontram-se distribuídas em todo o Brasil. São consideradas comunidades negras rurais compostas por descendentes de africanos escravizados que no Vale do Ribeira, uma das regiões mais pobres do estado de São Paulo, vivem da agricultura de subsistência, coleta de recursos florestais e principalmente exploração de palmito Juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) para complemento da renda familiar. A palmeira Juçara possui importante papel ecológico e econômico para estas as comunidades quilombolas. Seus frutos, além de alimentar diversas espécies de animais, podem apresentar-se como uma alternativa econômica para comunidades de baixa renda. O objetivo geral dessa dissertação foi investigar aspectos etnobotânicos e etnoecológicos da palmeira Juçara, abordar algumas práticas de manejo das populações para a produção de frutos, caracterizar as áreas manejadas de E. edulis em quintais e avaliar a produção de frutos e polpa, em comunidades quilombolas do Vale do Ribeira-SP. A investigação etnobotânica e etnoecológica se deu através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com 25 pessoas, consideradas informantes-chaves por já terem explorado o palmito nas florestas regionais ou por possuírem Juçaras em seus quintais. A avaliação da produção de frutos e polpa foi realizada em áreas manejadas de três quintais das comunidades de Sapatu e Ivaporunduva onde foram alocadas parcelas para a caracterização das populações e onde foi realizada a coleta de frutos. A polpa obtida foi processada e analisada em teor de peso seco e havendo também a estimativa do ganho econômico possível de ser obtido nas áreas manejadas. As comunidades quilombolas do Vale do Ribeira demonstraram um detalhado conhecimento sobre E. edulis. e suas relações interespecíficas, fenologia de floração e frutificação, outras características ecológicas da palmeira na floresta e principalmente em relação a biodiversidade animal associada à espécie. No total foram citados 57 animais consumidores de partes reprodutivas e vegetativas da palmeira onde incluem-se aves, mamíferos, reptéis, gastrópodes e insetos. Na oficina realizada no quilombo de Ivaporunduva foi possível chegar à identificação de 40 espécies de aves e mamíferos com nomenclatura cientifica. A partir do conhecimento ecológico local quilombola foram abordadas algumas práticas de manejo das populações e de frutos de E. edulis que poderão contribuir muito na discussão e na proposição de técnicas de manejo sustentável visando a formulação de políticas públicas para a espécie. O levantamento etnoecológico e a etnobotânico neste trabalho foram ferramentas muito eficientes no levantamento do conhecimento ecológico local e na proposição participativa de alternativas de práticas de manejo para o E. edulis. As áreas manejadas de E. edulis funcionam na prática como áreas de conservação in situ, que estão passando por um processo de domesticação e podem ser categorizadas como paisagens manejadas. A avaliação da produção de frutos nestas áreas foi de 2,6 de infrutescências por planta, 4,45Kg de frutos por infrutescência, e 3,4 litros de polpa por infrutescência produção média de frutos por parcela 219Kg/300m². A partir dos resultados da quantidade média de polpa produzida foi possível estimar o ganho econômico de R$ 413/ano/ 300m² ou ainda R$ 13,76 por ano para os produtores que possuem área de 1 hectare. Assim as áreas manejadas dos quintais quilombolas podem ser realmente vistas como unidades produtivas de manejo de E. edulis com grande potencial de produção de frutos e de geração de renda a ser explorado no Vale do Ribeira.
30

Componentes de variância genética e efeito da estrutura do cruzamento híbrido e recíproco na germinação e vigor de maracujazeiro azedo / Genetic variance components and effect of the structure of the hybrid and reciprocal cross germination and vigor of passion fruit

Cremasco, João Paulo Gava 19 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2016-06-01T16:04:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 502318 bytes, checksum: 605964e345c8fcc3a58e64330d8e4bf5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-01T16:04:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 502318 bytes, checksum: 605964e345c8fcc3a58e64330d8e4bf5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O maracujazeiro azedo é predominantemente propagado por semente, entretanto a germinação é irregular, resultando em mudas com desenvolvimento desuniforme, podendo ser resultante da constituição genética, devido aos genótipos utilizados no cruzamento. Desta forma a escolha dos genitores é importante para o desenvolvimento de programas de melhoramento genético de maracujazeiro azedo, dado que as características de germinação e vigor podem ser influenciadas por eles. O direcionamento do cruzamento também pode vir a influenciar na expressão dessas características. Assim, os trabalhos objetivaram avaliar a influência da estrutura genética de híbrido e recíproco, e a influência genética de genitores masculinos na expressão de características de germinação e vigor de plântulas, além de, selecionar os que contribuíram com maiores ganhos de seleção. Foram realizadas hibridações controladas entre genótipos do programa de melhoramento da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), híbridos comerciais da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) e do Viveiro Flora Brasil, segundo a estrutura em híbridos e recíprocos, e foram realizadas hibridações controladas, entre genótipos do programa de melhoramento de maracujazeiro azedo da Universidade Federal de Viçosa e híbridos comerciais da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) segundo o Delineamento I de Comstock e Robinson. Para o primeiro experimento foram formadas 20 progênies, cruzando-se 10 plantas, que ora foram doadoras de pólen (genitor masculino) e ora receptoras (genitor feminino), gerando por cruzamento, um híbrido e um recíproco. Para o segundo experimento utilizaram-se 8 plantas doadoras de pólen e 24 plantas receptoras, formando 24 progênies. Os frutos foram colhidos aproximadamente entre 60-90 dias após a polinização, sendo as sementes extraídas por abertura feita em corte transversal do fruto, e posteriormente friccionando a polpa contendo o suco e as sementes em uma peneira de malha fina com cal virgem, e por fim lavando em água abundante. As sementes foram postas a secar e posteriormente determinado o peso de 100 sementes por pesagem de quatro repetições em balança semi-analítica, para cada progênie. O primeiro experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 20 tratamentos e 4 repetições (50 sementes) em bandejas contendo areia inerte em câmara de germinação do tipo BOD. Já o segundo experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 24 tratamentos e 4 repetições (50 sementes) em bandejas contendo areia inerte em casa de vegetação. Foi realizado diariamente a contagem do número de sementes germinadas para o cálculo da porcentagem de germinação e do índice de velocidade de emergência. Ao 28o dia contou-se o número de plântulas normais, mediu-se com régua graduada o comprimento da parte aérea, o comprimento radicular e o comprimento total. As plântulas foram secas em estufa de secagem para determinação da massa seca individual. Procedeu-se para os dados do primeiro experimento procedeu-se a análise de variância pelo Modelo Hierárquico da estrutura genética em híbrido e recíproco, posteriormente, realizado o teste de médias de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Para os dados do segundo experimento realizou-se a análise de variância pelo Modelo Hierárquico do Delineamento I de Comstock e Robinson, e a seleção combinada para estimação dos ganhos genéticos. Todas análises estatísticas e genéticas foram realizadas com o auxílio do aplicativo computacional GENES. Por fim, concluiu-se com o primeiro experimento, que houve influência do genitor na expressão das características em sementes de maracujazeiro azedo. Foi constatado que é importante o direcionamento do genitor paterno e materno para obtenção de sementes com alto potencial germinativo em maracujazeiro azedo. O híbrido do cruzamento 10 foi o que mais se destacou perante as características avaliadas e para o recíproco mais se destacou o do cruzamento 01. Já no segundo experimento concluiu-se que os ganhos de seleção foram elevados para as variáveis peso de 100 sementes e massa seca por plântula e que os genitores masculinos 2 e 6 foram selecionados para a maioria das combinações. / The passion fruit is predominantly propagated by seed however germination is uneven, resulting in irregular seedlings development that may be the result of genetic constitution, due to the genotypes used in the crossing. Accordingly the choice of the progenitors is important for the development of breeding programs passion fruit, since germination and vigor characteristics can be influenced by them. The direction of the crossing may also come to influence the expression of these traits. Therefore, the present works aimed to evaluate the influence of the genetic structure of hybrid and reciprocal, and the genetic influence of male parents in the expression of germination and vigor characteristics of seedling, and select those which contributed with the largest selection of increases. The Hybridization was carried out controlled between genotypes of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) breeding program, commercial hybrids of the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) and Viveiro Flora Brasil, according to the structure in hybrids and reciprocal, and were conducted controlled hybridizations between genotypes of the breeding program of passion fruit, Universidade Federal de Viçosa and commercial hybrids of the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), according to the Design I of Comstock and Robinson. In the first experiment were formed 20 progenies, crossing 10 plants which were either sometimes pollen donor (male parent) or otherwise, receptor (female parent), generating by crossing, one hybrid and one reciprocal. In the second experiment, we used 8 donor plants pollen and 24 plants receiving, forming 24 progenies. The fruits were harvested between approximately 60-90 days after pollination; the seeds were extracted by opening made in cross section of the fruit, and then, rubbing the pulp containing juice and seeds of a fine mesh sieve with quicklime, and end washing with plenty of water. After that, the seeds were left to dry and then determined the weight of 100 seeds per weighing four replications in semi-analytical balance for each progeny. The first experiment was conducted by a completely randomized design with 20 treatments and 4 replicates (50 seeds) in trays containing inert sand in germination camera type BOD. The second experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 24 treatments and 4 repetitions (50 seeds) in trays containing inert sand in greenhouse. It was performed daily seed counting the number of germinated to calculate the percentage of germination and emergence speed index. The 28th day counted the number of normal seedlings was measured with graduated scale the shoot length, root length and total length. The seedlings were dried in a drying oven for dry weight determination of the individual. Proceeded to the first experiment data preceded to the analysis of variance by the Hierarchical Model of the genetic structure in hybrid and reciprocal subsequently performed Tukey mean test at 5% probability. For the second experiment data made the analysis of variance by the Hierarchical Model of design I of Comstock and Robinson, and the combined selection for estimation of genetic gain. All statistic and genetic analyzes were performed with the help of GENES computer application. Finally, it was established with the first experiment that there was the influence of the parent in the expression of characteristics in passion fruit seeds. It has been found that it is important the direction of the paternal and maternal parent to obtain seeds with high germination potential in passion fruit. The crossing of the hybrid 10 was the finest before the evaluated characteristics and reciprocal stood out the junction 01. In the second experiment, it was concluded that the selection gains were high for weight and mass of 100 seeds dried seedling and that the male parents 2 and 6 were selected for most combinations.

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