The diploma thesis deals with the tax system in the Visegrad Four countries, specifically with the determination of the corporate income tax base and their comparative analysis. The thesis provides characteristic of items involving the corporate income tax base in Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic. Subsequently, these items are compared, and the comparison also includes determination of the corporate income tax base in the Czech Republic. Further, the thesis also analyzes the impact of legislative regulations of the corporate income tax base on the tax base width, the effective tax rates and the tax revenue in these countries.

The aim of my thesis was to clear up the issues of the program and performance budgeting on the level of municipal authorities. On the basis of available sources, I have gained findings and experience from abroad where these methods are used from the half of last century. Various changes and measures are assessed and realized to make a budget process better, economising more transparent and the allocation of sources more improved. The establishing of program-performance budgeting is quite a difficult process including several phases. Their realization is a necessary condition to be able to continue with the next phase and the whole process itself.

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the financial demands of actual motivation program in a chosen company, to analyze it, compare and to describe the development of benefits provided by the company in the course of time in the terms of costs. Next was to find and identify linkages and connections between employee benefits and economic variables of the company and to describe their potential interactions. It was proved that the actual motivational program is very financially demanding for the company considering the deteriorating economic results in last years. It was suggested that if this economy trend continues, it would be better to lower the amount of provided benefits despite their undeniable stabilization effect. It was proved that the company is orientated to tax and insurance advantaged benefits. This can bring the savings in the field of labor costs, on the other hand the increase of additional costs which come from unclear tax system. It showed, that the benefits as well as the wages adapt to economic reality very slowly and also their structure changed according to economic results, from benefits orientated to consumption during economically successful years to the long term responsible benefits during the years of economic decline.

Disrespect of economic laws and their relations or the violation of any law standards concerning company’s activities can result in its shutting down and following cessation. The cessation of the company is preceded by its dissolution with or without liquidation provided that its property is passed to a legal successor in title. The term liquidation refers to the settlement of debts and property of the dissolved subject. This diploma thesis is particularly focused on individual stages of liquidating process of business organizations and their relation on legal standards.

The purpose of this master thesis is comparing the taxation of income of employees in the Czech Republic and Germany. The theoretical part is focused on describing the taxation of income of employees in both analyzed states. This part also includes an explanation of the social insurance system in both countries. The empirical part of thesis oncentrates on a comparison between the tax burden of Czech and German employees among various income groups and various taxpayer. The tax burden is then compared with the effective tax rate. The final section of this thesis compares values of redistribution indicators, such as indicators of interval and global progressivity (Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient.

The purpose of this master thesis is comparison of the tax burden of Czech a Swedish employees. The first part describes tax systems of both analyzed states focusing on the taxation of income from employment according to the 2016 legislation in order to successfully perform the calculations in the following sections. The second, practical part is dedicated to the comparison of selected indicators. It consists of two parts. The first is focused on the calculation of average effective tax rate for various income groups and various types of taxpayers. The next part compares values of redistribution indicators, which are interval and global progressivity indicators (Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient). The final section is devoted to the comparison of conclusions of this thesis with conclusions of thesis with similar subject, that have been successfully defended.

The goal is to become familiar with deferred tax concept - explain the nature and bring this accounting term near on a few selected areas. The thesis deals with two different accounting frameworks, Czech legislation and transnational concept in form of International Financial Reporting Standards with the motive to try to explain true nature of deferred tax and to conclude which of the accounting system sufficiently regulates this area so, that it could reflect all important differences with tax system and leads to fair distribution of profits among owners. In other words, not to awarded disposable earnings to those who do not belong solely because of differences between taxes and accounting. Thus, in a situation where these differences did not exist, the belonging amount of allocation of the profit would be else. The thesis is complemented with descriptive examples and illustrations created from real financial statements of two chosen companies. Representative of the Czech framework is Skanska a.s., and for a framework of IFRS the company Unipetrol a.s. The thesis concludes that a more elaborate treatment of deferred tax includes International Financial Reporting Standards, and therefore the financial statements prepared under them provide truer view of an analyzed company to user.

This master´s thesis compares a taxation of employment in the Czech Republic and in Austria. The effective tax rate and the effective rate of the total burden employee analyzes the tax burden on emplyee for various types of taxpayers. The next chapter examines the interval progressivity of taxes in both states and it evaluates, for which taxpayers a degree of progressivity of the income tax is the most sensitive. Lorenz curve before and after taxation in the last chapter shows the distribution of income between employees and the impact of taxation in order to redistribute the income in society. Coefficients compiled from the Lorenz curve for the Czech Republic and Austria quantify the degree of income redistribution through a progressive income tax.

The purpose of the thesis is to compare the taxation of the employee income in the Czech Republic and in Ireland with appropriate legislation of 2015. In theoretical part, I describe tax system of both states with an emphasis on taxation of income from employment. The theoretical part contains also a short summary of tax systems development. Practical part is divided into two different sections. First of them is focused on the calculation of effective tax rate for taxpayers in different types of households and the second one deals with the calculation of interval and global progressivity of tax in both countries, together with an analysis of income equality or inequality in society by using the Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient. The calculations showed a progressive tax effects in both the Czech Republic and Ireland, with higher rate of tax progression and higher degree of income inequality in Ireland. From the perspective of effective income tax rates, higher tax burden is imposed in Ireland. The effective tax rate is on average 13.5 of percentage points higher than in the Czech Republic. This is also confirmed by the legal provision of the relevant tax legislation.

Diploma work deals with current aspects of information systems in public administration. The thesis assesses impact of introduction of the data box system on effective communication in public administration and evaluates to what extend the data boxes are beneficial to citizens of this state. After definition of terms used in this field, first part of the work is focused on the e-Government project and its four pillars. Further, thesis evaluates effect of the e-Government project on reduction of administrative burden for businessmen and on the lives of citizens in the information society. The following part of the work highlights gaps in the legislation, which creates rules for the data box system and has got an immediate impact on the efficiency of their operation. The work also surveys effects of the data box system introduction on effective communication between state and local governments on the citizens of our country. Diploma work points out the problems of the data box system, analyses their causes and offers possible solutions.