Diss. (sammanfattning). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pelicia_k_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 374037 bytes, checksum: b680d9b7127562753fb9bb889bfcf807 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O experimento teve por objetivo estudar o efeito de níveis de cálcio e da granulometria do calcário sobre o desempenho, qualidade de ovos e teor de cálcio no sangue e fezes de poedeiras semipesadas. As aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento fatorial inteiramente casualisado (3x4) com 12 tratamentos com quatro níveis de cálcio (3,0; 3,5; 4,0 e 4,5 %) e três composições granulmétricas do calcário: 100 % fino (0,18 mm); 50 % fino (0,18 mm) e 50 % grosso (3,13 mm) e 30 % fino (0,18 mm) e 70 % grosso (3,13 mm), seis repetições de oito aves por unidade experimental da linhagem Hisex Brown® de 59 a 70 semanas de idade. Não se observaram diferenças entre os tratamentos nem interações entre os fatores para percentagem postura, peso médio dos ovos, massa de ovos, consumo de ração conversão alimentar por dúzia e por quilograma de ovos produzidos, percentagem de ovos quebrados, percentagem de ovos inteiros, gravidade específica, espessura de casca, percentagem de casca, peso da casca por superfície de área, percentagem de gema, coloração da gema, % de albume, unidade Haugh e quantidade de cálcio no sangue. Observou-se efeito quadrático da composição granulométrica de calcário para percentagem de ovos defeituosos, com menor percentagem de ovos defeituosos usando composições granulométricas do calcário formado de 61,75 % de calcário de granulometria fina e 38,25 % de calcário de granulometria grossa. Houve efeito linear da equação de regressão do nível de cálcio da dieta para peso da casca por superfície de área e cálcio nas fezes onde a elevação no nível cálcio dietético aumentou o peso da casca por superfície de área e a percentagem de cálcio excretado. Conclui-se que a combinação do maior nível de cálcio (4,5%) na dieta com substituição do calcário fino pelo grosso em 38 % na alimentação de poedeiras... / The experiment was randomized with the objective to study the effect of the calcium levels and the limestone particle size on the performance, eggs quality and content of calcium in the blood and excrements in Brown laying hens. The birds had been distributed in an factorial delineation entirely randomized (3X4) with 12 treatments with four calcium levels (3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 %) and three limestone particicle size compositions: 100 % thin (0.18 mm); 50 % thin (0.18 mm) and 50 % coarse (3.13 mm) and 30% thin (0.18 mm) and 70 % coarse (3.13 mm), six repetitions for treatment and eight birds for experimental unit of the Hisex Brown® lineage of 59 the 70 weeks of age. There were no differences (p>.05) for the treatments and nor significant interaction between the factors for posture percentage, average weight egg, egg mass produced, feed intake, feed conversion for dozen and kilogram of produced eggs, broken egg percentage, perfect egg percentage, specific gravity, shell thickness, eggshell and eight birds for experimental unit of the Hisex Brown® lineage of 59 the 70 weeks of age. There were no differences (p>.05) for the treatments and nor significant interaction between the factors for posture percentage, average weight egg, egg mass produced, feed intake, feed conversion for dozen and kilogram of produced eggs, broken... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:58:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ap_me_botfmvz.pdf: 589317 bytes, checksum: 95c27096a8835369d60680c9a4148d8e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Com o objetivo de comparar níveis de cálcio e fósforo durante toda a fase de produção, foi realizado um experimento utilizando-se 720 codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) com 7 semanas de idade. O período experimental teve duração de 48 semanas e utilizou-se quatro níveis de cálcio (2,0; 2,5; 3,0 e 3,5%) e três níveis de fósforo (0,25; 0,35 e 0,45%) divididos em 12 tratamentos com 6 repetições cada. O experimento foi dividido em 3 fases: período inicial de produção (4 primeiros ciclos de 28 dias: 7 a 22 semanas de idade), período intermediário (4 ciclos de 28 dias: 23 a 38 semanas de idade) e período final de produção (os últimos 4 ciclos de 28 dias: 39 a 54 semanas de idade). O desempenho das aves e a qualidade dos ovos foram avaliados ao final de cada ciclo de 28 dias, e teores de cálcio e fósforo presentes no plasma, ao final do período experimental (54 semanas de idade). Concluiu-se que independente da fase de produção, as exigências nutricionais de cálcio e fósforo para codornas japonesas em postura que proporcionam bom desempenho produtivo e manutenção satisfatória da qualidade dos ovos são de 2,5% e 0,25%, respectivamente / With the objective to compare levels of calcium and phosphorus during all the production phase, was conducted an experiment using 720 Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with 7 weeks of age. The experimental period lasted 48 weeks, and used four levels of calcium (2.0; 2.5; 3.0 e 3.5%) and three levels of phosphorus (0.25; 0.35 e 0.45%) divided into 12 treatments with six replicates. The experiment was divided into three phases: initial production phase (the first 4 cycles of 28 days: 7 to 22 weeks), intermediate phase (4 cycles of 28 days: 23 to 38 weeks) and the final production phase (the last 4 cycles of 28 days: 39 to 54 weeks). The bird performance and egg quality were evaluated after each cycle of 28 days, and grades of calcium and phosphorus in the plasma, at the end the experimental period (54 weeks). It was concluded that regardless of production phase, the nutritional requirements of calcium and phosphorus to Japanese cleaned common quails in posture that provide good performance productive and satisfactory maintenance of the quality of eggs are 2.5% and 0.25% respectively

Orientador: Edivaldo Antonio Garcia / Banca: José Roberto Sartori / Banca: Otto Mack Junqueira / Banca: Antonio Carlos de Laurentiz / Banca: Ricardo de Albuquerque / Resumo: O experimento teve por objetivo estudar o efeito de níveis de cálcio e da granulometria do calcário sobre o desempenho, qualidade de ovos e teor de cálcio no sangue e fezes de poedeiras semipesadas. As aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento fatorial inteiramente casualisado (3x4) com 12 tratamentos com quatro níveis de cálcio (3,0; 3,5; 4,0 e 4,5 %) e três composições granulmétricas do calcário: 100 % fino (0,18 mm); 50 % fino (0,18 mm) e 50 % grosso (3,13 mm) e 30 % fino (0,18 mm) e 70 % grosso (3,13 mm), seis repetições de oito aves por unidade experimental da linhagem Hisex Brown® de 59 a 70 semanas de idade. Não se observaram diferenças entre os tratamentos nem interações entre os fatores para percentagem postura, peso médio dos ovos, massa de ovos, consumo de ração conversão alimentar por dúzia e por quilograma de ovos produzidos, percentagem de ovos quebrados, percentagem de ovos inteiros, gravidade específica, espessura de casca, percentagem de casca, peso da casca por superfície de área, percentagem de gema, coloração da gema, % de albume, unidade Haugh e quantidade de cálcio no sangue. Observou-se efeito quadrático da composição granulométrica de calcário para percentagem de ovos defeituosos, com menor percentagem de ovos defeituosos usando composições granulométricas do calcário formado de 61,75 % de calcário de granulometria fina e 38,25 % de calcário de granulometria grossa. Houve efeito linear da equação de regressão do nível de cálcio da dieta para peso da casca por superfície de área e cálcio nas fezes onde a elevação no nível cálcio dietético aumentou o peso da casca por superfície de área e a percentagem de cálcio excretado. Conclui-se que a combinação do maior nível de cálcio (4,5%) na dieta com substituição do calcário fino pelo grosso em 38 % na alimentação de poedeiras... / Abstract: The experiment was randomized with the objective to study the effect of the calcium levels and the limestone particle size on the performance, eggs quality and content of calcium in the blood and excrements in Brown laying hens. The birds had been distributed in an factorial delineation entirely randomized (3X4) with 12 treatments with four calcium levels (3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 %) and three limestone particicle size compositions: 100 % thin (0.18 mm); 50 % thin (0.18 mm) and 50 % coarse (3.13 mm) and 30% thin (0.18 mm) and 70 % coarse (3.13 mm), six repetitions for treatment and eight birds for experimental unit of the Hisex Brown® lineage of 59 the 70 weeks of age. There were no differences (p>.05) for the treatments and nor significant interaction between the factors for posture percentage, average weight egg, egg mass produced, feed intake, feed conversion for dozen and kilogram of produced eggs, broken egg percentage, perfect egg percentage, specific gravity, shell thickness, eggshell and eight birds for experimental unit of the Hisex Brown® lineage of 59 the 70 weeks of age. There were no differences (p>.05) for the treatments and nor significant interaction between the factors for posture percentage, average weight egg, egg mass produced, feed intake, feed conversion for dozen and kilogram of produced eggs, broken... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-05-16T16:50:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Riviana Roberta de Souza Loureiro.pdf: 327999 bytes, checksum: 1e04f93ebca6ece86ee2b7335c56fa3e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T16:50:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Riviana Roberta de Souza Loureiro.pdf: 327999 bytes, checksum: 1e04f93ebca6ece86ee2b7335c56fa3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The research evaluated the effect in the inclusion of different levels of the tomato meal (TM) on the performance and on the quality of the eggs productive. Hundred-two birds,Dekalb White, with thirty weeks were allocated in the cage during three periods of the twentyonedays each. The design completely randomized with five treatments and five replications ofeight birds each. The treatments were: a diet reference and four levels of inclusion of the TM (5,10, 15 and 20%). The increase of levels inclusion of the tomato meal provided increase for feedconsumption. For egg production, production of egg mass, feed conversion for egg mass andconversion for egg dozen the level of the 5% was the best. The TM reduced linear effect in theweight and percentage of the yolk, however, the inclusion of the 15% have high heavy of the yolkwhen compared with standard treatment. The recommended level of inclusion would be up to5%, for better resulted of production performance, being that, using up to 15%, it does not intervene with the incomes of the parts of eggs. / A pesquisa avaliou o efeito da inclusão de diferentes níveis do farelo de tomate (FT) sobre o desempenho zootécnico e características dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais. Foram alojadas duzentas aves, Dekalb White, com trinta semanas de idade alojadas em gaiolas durante três períodos de vinte e um dias cada. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições de oito aves. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta referência e quatro com 5, 10, 15 e 20% de inclusão do farelo. Para o consumo de ração houve aumento à medida que se aumentou o nível de inclusão do farelo. Para a conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos, percentagem de postura e massa de ovos produzida, 5% foi o nível de inclusão que proporcionou melhores resultados. O FT provocou diminuição linear no peso e percentagem de gema, no entanto, até 15% de inclusão, obtiveram-se gemas mais pesadas quando comparadas com as da ração referência. O farelo de tomate pode ser utilizado como ingrediente alternativo das rações de poedeiras comerciais, sendo que, o nível recomendado seria até 5% de inclusão, para melhores resultados de desempenho zootécnico, sendo que, utilizando até 15%, não interfere nos rendimentos das partes dos ovos.

O estudo consistiu em quatro experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar a redução proteica e níveis de metionina+cistina sobre o desempenho e qualidade de ovos (produção de ovos, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, peso de ovo e fatores de qualidade dos ovos, unidade Haugh, espessura de casca, resistência à quebra, pigmentação de gema, gravidade específica) de poedeiras comerciais leves e semipesadas de 24 a 40 semanas de idade. Em cada experimento, foram utilizadas 240 poedeiras comerciais distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualisado com 8 aves por unidade experimental com 10 repetições. Os níveis dos aminoácidos, treonina, triptofano e valina foram mantidos os mesmos em todos os tratamentos através da suplementação de aminoácidos sintéticos. No primeiro e segundo experimentos avaliaram-se três níveis de proteína bruta (15,4%, 16,4% e 17,4%) em dietas para aves leves (experimento I) e aves semipesadas (experimento II) das linhagens Bovans White e Bovans Brown, respectivamente. No experimento I não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas para os parâmetros relacionados à qualidade da casca do ovo, nem mesmo para altura de albúmen e peso do ovo. A redução do nível proteico da dieta para 16,4% não afetou o desempenho das poedeiras leves (P<0,05). No experimento II, não houve diferenças estatísticas para os parâmetros avaliados. Nos experimentos III e IV avaliou-se o efeito de dois níveis de proteína bruta (16,4% e 17,4%) e dois níveis metionina+cistina (0,66% e 0,77) em dietas para aves leves (experimento III) e aves semipesadas (experimento IV) das linhagens Bovans White e Bovans Brown. No experimento III a qualidade de ovo não foi influenciada pelos tratamentos. Houve interação entre os níveis de proteína bruta e aminoácidos sulfurados para as variáveis de produção de ovos, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos. As aves alimentadas com a dieta com 15,4% de proteína bruta apresentaram menor produção de ovos quando comparado às aves que receberam dietas com níveis de AAST elevados e com PB elevada. As aves alimentadas com 17,4% de PB e 0,77% de aminoácidos sulfurados apresentaram maior consumo e pior conversão alimentar (P<0,05). O aumento no nível de AAST resultou em maior peso do ovo. No experimento IV houve interação entre os fatores estudados, sendo que as aves alimentadas com níveis mais baixos de PB e AAST (16,4% e 0,66%, respectivamente), apresentaram menor produção de ovos e pior conversão alimentar. Para a variável peso de ovos, houve efeito dos níveis de AAST, sendo que as aves alimentadas com 0.77% produziram ovos com maior peso (P<0,05). / The study consisted of four experiments to evaluate the effect of protein and reduced levels of methionine+cystine on the performance and egg quality (egg production, feed intake, feed conversion, egg weight and egg quality factors, Haugh unit, shell thickness, breaking strength, yolk pigmentation) of light and semi heavy weight laying hens with 24-40 weeks of age. In each experiment 240 laying hens were distributed in a completely randomized design with 8 birds per experimental unit with 10 replicates. Levels of, threonine, tryptophan and valine were kept the same in all treatments by supplementation of synthetic aminoacid. In experiments I and II were evaluated three levels of crude protein (15.4%, 16.4% and 17.4 %) on diets for light Bovans White hens (experiment I) and Bovans Brown semi heavy weight (experiment II). In the first experiment there was no statistical differences in the parameters related to the quality of the egg shell, even for albumen height and egg weight were observed. The reduction of the protein level of the diet to 16.4% did not affect the performance of laying hens (P<0.05). In experiment II there were no statistical differences in the parameters evaluated. In experiments III and IV evaluated the effect of two levels of crude protein (16.4% and 17.4%) and two methionine + cystine levels (0.66% and 0.77%) on diets for light Bovans White hens (experiment III) and Bovans Brown semi heavy weight (experiment IV). In experiment III the egg quality was not affected by treatments. There was interaction between the levels of crude protein and sulfur aminoacids for the variables of egg production, feed intake and feed conversion per dozen eggs. Hens fed diets with lower protein levels had lower egg production when compared to hens fed diets with high levels of TSAA and high CP. Hens fed with diets with 17.4% of CP and 0.77% of sulfur aminoacids had higher intake and worse feed conversion (P<0.05). The increase in the level of TSAA resulted in higher egg weight. In experiment IV there was interaction between the factors studied, where lower levels of CP and TSAA (16.4% and 0.66 %, respectively), had lower egg production and lower feed conversion. For egg weight, there was effect of TSAA. Hens fed diets with 0.77% of TSAA produced heavier eggs (P<0.05).

Production, egg quality, behaviour, and physical condition were compared from Wk 20 to Wk 50 among three beak- trimmed commercial laying strains, Lohmann White (LW), H & N White (HN), Lohmann Brown (LB), and a non-commercial Cross between Rhode Island Red (male) and Barred Plymouth Rock (female) in conventional cages and in floor pens. All chicks were reared in their respective environments, and 450 and 432 pullets were housed at 18 and 7 weeks of age in cages and floor pens respectively. Hens in cages were provided with 688 cm2/bird and those in pens with over 6,000 cm2/bird, both of which are more than provided by commercial standards. Body weights and eggshell weights were higher for birds in floor pens than those in cages, and although they increased with age, body weight of hens in cages decreased at Wk 50. White-egg layers (LW, HN) used perches and nest boxes more than Brown-egg layers (LB, Cross). During the laying period, mortality was higher for all strains in cages and during the rearing period mortality was higher in floor pens for LB hens but not other strains. No aggressive behaviours were found, but the frequency of gentle feather pecking and pecking at the enclosure was higher in cages than in floor pens. Feather condition deteriorated over time in cages mainly because of contact with the cage wires whereas in floor pens, feather condition of birds at Wk 20 was not different from that at Wk 50. The frequency of keel bone deformities was higher for White-egg layers than for Brown-egg layers in cages and was higher for Cross hens than other strains in floor pens. Claws were longer in cages than in the floor pens. Foot condition was worse in floor pens than in cages. The welfare indicators used in this study showed that cages restricted the hens' behaviour compared to floor pens and resulted in higher laying period mortality, reduced body weight and deteriorated feather condition than floor pens. Both systems had advantages and disadvantages in regard to the hens’ health and welfare. The use of environmental complexities was strain specific in floor pens. The environment by genotype interactions suggests that the strain should be considered when considering alternative housing systems. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Being a small landlocked country located in Eastern Himalaya ranges, makes it difficult for Bhutan to secure and sustain its national food security. Thus, Bhutan highly depends on the import of food from neighboring countries. This paper aims to improve the food security in Bhutan by giving a specific focus on the egg value-chain which starts from the import of parent stocks until the consumption within the country. Methods to identify potential constraints within the value-chain and provision of possible solutions used in this paper are a combination of literature reviews, qualitative studies (interview), and personal experience/communication of the author, who had been working with the Department of Livestock in Bhutan. The results of the study indicate that animal welfare, basic farm management, and consumer education are the top three areas that all stakeholders, especially government agents, should work with interdisciplinary in order to strengthen the overall value-chain. Challenges and room for improvement in animal welfare can be found from the beginning of the value-chain, the transporting of layer Day Old Chicks (DOCs). Lack of knowledge and skills for basic farm management which includes farm data recording, egg grading, and egg labeling, are issues found in the middle of the value-chain. Lastly, in the very end of the value-chain, more education should be given to consumers regarding the health benefits and nutritional value of eggs as to alleviate the problem of low egg consumption per capita relative to other developed nations. Possible solutions provided in this paper on animal welfare standard are suggested by the international projects and organizations namely, European Animal Welfare Platform and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. For basic farm management, the government should be the one who encourages and provides skills using effective communication tools as well as law enforcement in order to improve the egg quality. At the same time, consumers should be stimulated to demand higher quality as this will be a driving force for future improvement and create higher liquidity in the market.

An experiment was conducted to determine whether direct-fed microbial supplementation could alleviate a marginal amino acid (AA) deficiency in Hyline 36 laying hens from 33 to 44 wk of age. The experiment was a 2 × 4 factorial design with or without a commercial directfed microbial (Primilac; 1.36 kg/1,000 kg) and 4 levels of AA formulation. Egg characteristics (yolk, albumen, or shell proportions and yolk or albumen solids) were not affected by diet. Primilac supplementation had no effect on egg production or egg mass. However, Primilac supplementation reduced feed intake-to-egg mass ratio by 2.4 and 3.4% from 33 to 36 wk and 41 to 44 wk, respectively. Total eggs laid and egg mass were greatest when at least 14.4 g of CP, 804 mg of Lys, 382 mg of Met, 601 mg of TSAA, 502 mg of Thr, and 609 mg of Ile were consumed per hen per day from 33 to 44 wk of age. In conclusion, Primilac supplementation was not able to completely alleviate a marginal AA deficiency in laying hens but did improve feed intake-to-egg mass ratios during 8 wk of the 12-wk study.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第20025号 / 情博第620号 / 新制||情||108(附属図書館) / 33121 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 守屋 和幸, 教授 松田 哲也, 教授 廣岡 博之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DGAM