Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA14MA139.pdf: 23015 bytes, checksum: 79359edb3078879f5ca9aa0338da2c45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 / With the objective of evaluate the effect of continuous and intermittent lighting programs on the production and quality egg of laying hens in the early lay pullets rearing in open poultry house, a trial was conducted at Aviculture Section of Santa Catarina State University, Lages, SC, Brazil. Were used 420 laying hens with 21 weeks during seven periods of 28 days, they were submitted to three different lighting programs in a completely randomized design with 10 replications. The continuous program with 16 hour photoperiod (daylight + artificial light) and escotoperiod eight hours. The intermitente lighting program of 30 minutes had two photophases of 30 min between natural light and main night eight hours and two escotofases and intermitente lighting of 15 minutes, this program is similar to the previous program, with two photophases 15 min between natural light, a main night eight hours and two escotofases. The avaliation was based on the feed intake (g/bird/day), egg production (%/bird/day), egg weight (g), feed conversion (g/g), egg mass (g), specific gravity (g/cm³), albumen height (mm), Haugh unit, egg componente yield (%), organ index (%) and the means compared by Tukey test (5%). The results presented for feed conversion, specific gravity, weight of fresh egg and stored for 14 and 28 days, egg yield componentes and organs index showed no difference (P>0.05). The intermitente lighting programs 30 minutes and 15 minutes showed significant differences (P<0.05) for feed intake in the second, sixth and seventh trial period, but no significant differences (P>0.05) in egg production. The egg weight, egg mass, showed no significant difference (P>0.05) as well as albumen height and Haugh unit showed no significant difference (P>0.05) for continuous and intermitente lighting programs 30 min and 15 min. Intermittent lighting programs applied in laying hens in the early lay pullets rearing in open poultry house not adversely affect the production performance, egg quality and internal organs of birds, as well as shorten the use of artificial lighting, reducing energy consumption / Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de programas de iluminação contínuo e intermitentes sobre produção e qualidade de ovos de poedeiras comerciais semipesadas em início de postura criadas em galpão aberto, realizou-se um trabalho no Setor de Avicultura da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages - SC. Utilizou-se 420 galinhas de 21 semanas de idade durante sete períodos de 28 dias, as quais foram submetidas a três diferentes programas de iluminação em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com 10 repetições. O programa contínuo contou com fotoperíodo de 16 horas (luz natural + luz artificial) e escotoperíodo de oito horas. O programa de iluminação intermitente 30 minutos teve duas fotofases de30min entre a luz natural e uma noite principal de oito horas e duas escotofases e o programa de iluminação intermitente 15 minutos, semelhante ao programa anterior, com duas fotofases de 15min entre a luz natural, uma noite principal de oito horas e duas escotofases. Avaliou-se o consumo de ração (g/ave/dia), produção de ovos (%/ave/dia), peso dos ovos (g), conversão alimentar (g/g), massa de ovos (g), gravidade específica (g/cm³), altura de albúmen (mm), unidade Haugh, rendimento dos componentes do ovo (%), índice de órgãos (%) sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey (5%). Os resultados apresentados para conversão alimentar, gravidade específica, peso de ovo fresco e armazenado por 14 e 28 dias, rendimento dos componentes do ovo e índices de órgãos não apresentaram diferença (P>0,05). Os programas de iluminação intermitente 30 min e intermitente 15 min apresentaram diferenças significativas (P<0,05) para consumo de ração no segundo, sexto e sétimo período experimental, porém não apresentaram diferenças significativas (P>0,05) na produção de ovos. O peso de ovo, massa do ovo, não apresentou diferença significativa (P>0,05), assim como altura de albúmen e unidade Haugh não apresentaram diferença significativa (P>0,05) para os programas de iluminação contínuo e intermitentes 30min e 15min. Programas de iluminação intermitentes aplicados em poedeiras semipesadas ao início da postura criadas em galpões abertos não afetam negativamente o desempenho zootécnico, a qualidade de ovos e órgãos internos das aves, além de diminuir o tempo de uso de iluminação artificial, reduzindo o consumo de energia elétrica

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_aline_arassiana_piccini_roll.pdf: 1349323 bytes, checksum: bc812e03fa688ad0cfa9801c6af4ff02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 / Recent results suggest that the supplementation of quail breeders with organic selenium2 and canola oil could improve their performance and egg quality and of their progenies too, To test this hypothesis two trials were conducted, In the first, breeders (252 females and 72 males) were fed throughout a period of 110 days with six treatments, that consisted on a completely or partial substitution of soybean oil (SO) by canola oil (CO) with or without organic selenium (Se) supplementation, The birds were allocated in a completely randomized design in a factorial 3 x 2 (three levels of canola oil: 0, 50 and 100% of substitution by SO) and two level of organic Selenium supplementation (0 and 0,3 ppm). The variables analyzed were quails performance, egg quality, egg shelf life, egg fatty acid profile and some carcass traits of males. In the second trial a total of 344 eggs from 252 quails fed the experimental diets during 90 days were incubated, Later, egg weight, egg production, and body weight from the first generation offspring were evaluated. A basal corn-soybean meal diet of the progeny was the same to all birds and was formulated to contain 22% crude protein and 2,780 kcal of metabolizable energy. A total of 167 female s quails were hatched and their performance during the initial laying cycle (up to 63 days of age) was evaluated. Correlation analysis and regression equations were used to estimate the effects of quail age on carcass traits of the males. Treatment means were compared by orthogonal contrasts and Duncan s test at 5% level. By contrast analysis, it was observed that total or partial substitution of SO by CO had no effect on quails performance (P>0,05). The Se increased the left testicle weight, decreased abdominal fat and breast weight when supplemented on CO (P=0,01). The inclusion of CO on diet, when not supplemented with Se impaired the ¨Haugh¨ unit at 21 days of storage (P=0,02). The substitution of SO by CO changed the fatty acid profile in yolk, increasing the percentage of oleic and decreasing linoleic, regardless of Se supplementation (P=0,01). Breeders that were supplemented with Se produced chicks heavier than birds that were not supplemented (10,27 vs 9,97) regardless of the oil used in the diet (P=0,055). Progeny from breeders fed with Se produced heavier eggs (12,34 vs 11,94) than from birds not supplemented (P=0,038). Egg production and egg mass of the progeny were not significantly affected by nutritional treatments of the breeders. In conclusion the canola oil diet and organic selenium supplementation brought about benefits for the breeders and the first progeny of quails. The inclusion of CO changes positively the fatty acid profile in egg yolk. / Resultados recentes sugerem que a suplementação de matrizes com selênio orgânico1 (Se) e óleo de canola (OC) pode melhorar o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos e também de sua progênie. Para testar esta hipótese foram executados dois experimentos. No primeiro experimento as matrizes (252 fêmeas e 72 machos) foram alimentadas durante um período de 110 dias com seis tratamentos que consistiam da substituição total ou parcial do óleo de soja (OS) pelo de óleo de canola (OC) com ou sem a suplementação com Se orgânico. As aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento completamente casualizado num esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (três níveis de OC (0. 50 e 100% em substituição ao OS) e dois níveis de suplementação com Se (0 e 0.3 ppm). As variáveis analisadas foram desempenho, qualidade, tempo de prateleira e perfil de ácidos graxos dos ovos além das características de carcaça dos machos. No segundo experimento foram incubados 344 ovos das 252 codornas do primeiro experimento que foram alimentadas durante 90 dias com as dietas experimentais. Após, foram avaliados na progênie o peso vivo, a produção de ovos e o peso médio dos ovos. A dieta da progênie foi a mesma para todas as aves e foi formulado para conter 22% de proteína bruta e 2780 kcal/EM/kg. Um total de 167 fêmeas eclodiram e o desempenho delas foi avaliado durante a fase inicial do ciclo de postura (até 63 dias de idade). Foram utilizadas correlações e equações de regressão para estimar o efeito da idade sobre as características de carcaça dos machos. As medias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Duncan e por contrastes múltiplos de médias ao nível de 5% de significância. Com a análise dos contrastes múltiplos das médias observou-se que a substituição total ou parcial do OS pelo de OC até o nível de 2,4% na dieta não afetou as variáveis de desempenho (P>0,05). O Se aumentou o peso do testículo esquerdo, reduziu a gordura abdominal e peso do peito na dieta contendo OC (P=0,01). A inclusão de OC na dieta, quando não suplementada com Se, prejudicou a unidade ¨Haugh¨ aos 21 dias de armazenamento (P=0,02). A substituição de OS por OC na dieta alterou o perfil de ácidos graxos na gema, aumentando a porcentagem de oléico e diminuindo a de linoléico independente da suplementação com Se (P=0,01). As matrizes que foram suplementadas com selênio orgânico produziram pintinhos ao nascimento maiores que as aves que não receberam selênio (10,27 vs 9,97), independentemente do óleo utilizado na ração (P=0,055). A progênie das matrizes alimentadas com Se produziram ovos com peso médio maiores (12,34 vs 11,94) do que as não suplementadas (P=0,038). A produção e a massa de ovos da progênie não foram afetadas pelas dietas experimentais das matrizes. Em conclusão o óleo de canola e a suplementação com selênio orgânico trouxeram benefícios para as matrizes e para a sua primeira progênie. A inclusão de óleo de canola altera positivamente o perfil de ácidos graxos das gemas dos ovos.

Cette thèse est dédiée à l’étude des caractéristiques phonétiques de la voix et de la parole après cordectomie laser de type II-III, proposées pour des tumeurs laryngées limitées à un seul pli vocal. Les cordectomies de type IIIII consistent en la résection de l’épithélium, du ligament vocal, de la lamina propria et d’une partie variable du muscle vocal. La nouvelle configuration anatomico-physiologique engendre un accolement des plis vocaux moins efficace et une asymétrie vibratoire, impliquant des perturbations en fréquence et en amplitude du fondamental ainsi qu’une possible altération du trait de voisement. Il s’agit d’une étude prospective de 10 patients masculins et francophones âgés de 47 à 80 ans. Les sujets ont été enregistrés entre 6 mois et 1 an postopératoire. Une population saine de 10 témoins masculins, âgés de 34 à 67 ans nous a servi de référence. Le premier chapitre est un rappel anatomique et biomécanique de la phonation. Il permet de mieux comprendre et appréhender les mécanismes de production de la voix et de la parole. Le second chapitre présente succinctement les chirurgies partielles du larynx. Il nous permet de déterminer, en particulier, les conséquences d’apparition et de pratique des cordectomies laser. Le troisième chapitre est une description des différentes cordectomies laser. Nous présentons également une revue de la littérature qui met en évidence les résultats fonctionnels après ces chirurgies, mais surtout qui insiste sur la dimension multiparamétrique des approches scientifiques. Le quatrième chapitre est une description détaillée de nos populations étudiées, des corpus et des matériels utilisés pour nos différentes études. Le cinquième chapitre comprend quatre études qui montrent l’impact de la chirurgie sur les paramètres de la F0, de l’intensité sonore et de leurs indices de perturbation (jitter et shimmer). Les plages de variation de F0 des sujets y sont analysées. Enfin, le dernier chapitre est consacré à l’ implémentation du trait de voisement. Celui-ci se compose de quatre études (acoustique, aérodynamique, EGG et perceptive) qui nous permettent d’étudier la réalisation du contraste de voisement des occlusives après ces cordectomies. / This thesis concerns the study of the phonetic characteristics of the voice and speech after laser cordectomy of types II-III, proposed for laryngeal tumors limited to the vocal fold. Cordectomies of types II-III consist of resection of the epithelium, vocal ligament, lamina propria and a variable part of the vocal muscle. This new anatomicophysiological configuration creates an apposition of the vocal folds less effective and a vibratory asymetry, which involve perturbations in frequency and amplitude and a possible alteration of the voicing. This is a prospective study of 10 male French patients aged 47-80 years. The subjects were recorded between 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. A healthy population of 10 males, aged 34-67 years was the control group. The first chapter is a anatomical and biomechanical reminder of the phonation. It provides a better understand of the mechanisms of voice production and speech. The second chapter is a brief presentation of partial laryngeal surgeries. It allows us to determine, in particular, the emergence of laser cordectomies. The third chapter is a description of the different laser cordectomies. We also present a review of the literature which shows the functional results after these surgeries, but also emphasizes on the multiparamétric dimension of the scientific approaches. The fourth chapter is a detailed description of the populations studied, the corpus and the materials used for our various studies. The fifth chapter includes four studies which show the impact of surgery on the parameters of the F0, loudness and their perturbation factors (jitter and shimmer). The ranges of variation of F0 of the subjects will be analyzed. The last chapter is devoted to the implementation of the voicing feature. It consists of four studies (acoustic, aerodynamic, EGG and perceptual) which will allow us to observe the preservation of voicing contrast of plosives after these cordectomies.

O ovo tem sido estudado por sua riqueza nutricional, por apresentar interesse industrial, como matéria-prima, e pelo seu elevado conteúdo de colesterol. Ao mesmo tempo, por sua susceptibilidade à contaminação por salmonela, principalmente, é proposta a irradiação ionizante como medida sanitária. O colesterol está sujeito à oxidação, facilitada por vários fatores, entre os quais a radiação ionizante. Os óxidos de colesterol formados, por sua vez, apresentam propriedades biológicas prejudiciais à saúde, relacionadas com a aterogenicidade, citotoxicidade, carcinogenicidade e mutagenicidade, além de outras manifestações. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o efeito da radiação ionizante sobre o pH, viscosidade e cor, além da estabilidade oxidativa do colesterol, em ovos crus armazenados e processados. Com o aumento nas doses utilizadas (1, 2 e 3 kGy) houve redução na viscosidade da clara e na cor da gema, além do aumento da oxidação lipídica, medida através das substâncias que reagem ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Parâmetros como umidade, lípides totais e colesterol das gemas não foram influenciados. No caso da umidade e do colesterol, houve alteração significativa pelo armazenamento (30 dias, a 4ºC). O somatório dos óxidos analisados não variou com a irradiação, só individualmente, contudo variaram com o armazenamento. O processamento térmico provocou um aumento significativo das TBARS, mas apesar disso, o somatório dos óxidos não diferiu entre os tratamentos. / The egg have being studied due its nutritional wealth, for show industrial interest as a raw material, e due its higher cholesterol content. At the same time, due its susceptibility to contamination mainly with salmonella, it is being proposed the ionizating radiation as a hygienic measure. Cholesterol is subject to oxidation, that it is facilitated by several factors, among them ionizating radiation. Formed cholesterol oxides, by its turn, show harmful biological properties to human health, as atherogenicity, cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, among others. The objectives of this work were evaluate the effect of ionizating radiation over pH, viscosity and color, besides the oxidative stability of cholesterol, in storaged and processed crude eggs. With the increasement of used doses (1, 2 and 3 KGy), there was an reduction in the viscosity of the egg white and in the color yolk egg, besides the increase in lipidic oxidation, measured through tiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). Specifications as humidity, total lipids and egg yolk cholesterol were not influenced. In the subject of humidity and of cholesterol, there was an meaningful alteration due storage (30 days in 4ºC). The sum of the analyzed oxides didn\'t variate with the irradiation, only individually, although it did vary with storage. The themical processing caused an meaningful increase of TBARS, but despite this, the oxides sum didn\'t differed between treatments.

Thesis (MPhil (Animal Sciences. Livestock Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Information from 200 randomly selected egg project beneficiaries was obtain during 2008 to evaluate the impact of managerial factors on the sustainability of poverty alleviation egg laying projects in the Vhembe district, with special reference to the three municipalities (Mutale, Makhado, and Thulamela). A high proportion (80%) of the beneficiaries was poor rural women. The majority of these beneficiaries are old and illiterate. A high proportion of the beneficiary households is composed of extended families and headed by unemployed women. The majority of beneficiaries are sole breadwinners. The majority relies on agriculture and social grants as a source of income. All the beneficiaries indicated that the project increased the household income as a result of the revenue collected from the sale of eggs. From the study, 96% of the projects were initiated by Government, while only 3.52% were initiated by the beneficiaries themselves. A very high proportion of the beneficiaries (88.94%) was not given any opportunity to decide about the type of the project they were interested in. This also included a high proportion (60.61%) of beneficiaries who indicated they were not interested in starting an egg laying project. A high proportion of beneficiaries (60.71%) were not satisfied with the project, and 51.52% indicated is because of lack of funds and the remainder been because of lack of support from the government. A proportion (53.77%) of beneficiaries indicated that they are visited only once a week by extension officers. A high proportion of the beneficiaries (73.23%) rated the support that they get from the extension officers as poor. A high proportion of the beneficiaries received 36 layers, and only 3.02% were having more than 36 layers. About 69.35% of the beneficiaries didn’t know the causes of mortalities of their layers. This also confirmed the high proportion (65.85%) of beneficiaries who indicated that they were not trained to identify and treat diseases. About 73.87% of the beneficiaries rated the performance of the project as good. About 53.27% of the beneficiaries indicated that the project can sustain itself. A proportion of beneficiaries (52.76%) indicated the sustainability indicator as good market of the products. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inligting van 200 lukraak geselekteerde eierprojek begunstigdes is tydens 2008 ingesamel, met die doel om die invloed van bestuursfaktore op die volhoubaarheid van armoede verligtings eierproduksie projekte in die Vhembe distrik, met spesiale verwysing na die drie munisipaliteite Mutale, Makhado en Thulamela. ‘n Groot proporsie (80%) van die begunstigdes was arm landelike vroue. Die meerderheid van hierdie vroue was oud en ook ongeskool. ‘n Groot proporsie van die begunstigde huishoudings bestaan uit direkte en verlangse familielede, met dié huishoudings wat werklose vrouens as familiehoofde het. Die meerderheid van die begunstigdes is ook die alleen broodwinners. Die meerderheid van die huishoudings maak staat op landbou en welsyn toekennings as ‘n bron van inkomste. Al die begunstigdes ht aangedui dat huishoudelike inkomste toegeneem het as gevolg van die verkoop van eiers geproduseer in die projekte. In die studie was 96% van die projekte deur die Regering geïnisieer, terwyl 3.52% van die projekte deur die begunstigdes self geïnisieer is. ‘n Groot proporsie van die begunstigdes (88.94%) was nie die geleentheid gegun om ‘n keuse te kan uitoefen oor die projek wat hulle wil doen nie. Hierdie laasgenoemde proporsie het ook die begunstigdes (60.61%) ingesluit wat aangedui het dat hulle nie in eierlê projekte belanggestel het nie. ‘n Groot proporsie van die begunstigdes (60.71%) was ontevrede met die projek, met 51.52% van hierdie groep wat dit aan ‘n tekort van fondse toegeskryf het. Die oorblywende 9.19% het dit aan ‘n gebrek van ondersteuning vanaf die Regering se kant toegeskryf. ‘n Proporsie van die begunstigdes (53.77%) het aangedui dat hulle een keer per week deur ‘n voorligtingsbeampte besoek word. ‘n Groot proporsie (73.23%) het die kwaliteit van ondersteuning deur die voorligtingsbeamptes as swak beoordeel. ‘n Groot proporsie van die begunstigdes het 36 lêhenne ontvang, met slegs 3.02% wat meer as 36 lêhenne ontvang het.Ongeveer 69.35% van die begunstigdes was onseker oor die redes vir die afsterwe van hulle lêhenne. Dit ondersteun die groot proporsie (65.85%) van die begunstigdes wat aangedui het dat hulle geen opleiding om siektes te kan identifiseer en te behandel, ontvang het nie. Ongeveer 73.87% van die begunstigdes het die projek as goed gereken, met 53.27% wat gevoel het die projek kan ditself onderhou. ‘n Proporsie (52.76%) van die begunstigdes het die bemarkingswaarde van hulle produk as ‘n volhoubaarheidsindikator beskou.

The work developed in this thesis aimed to increase understanding about the variability and stability in eleven biotypes of Pochonia chlamydosporia, a facultative parasitic fungus with potential as a biological control agent against root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.), false root-knot (Naccobus spp.) and cyst nematodes (Heterodera and Globodera, spp.). Differences in performance were assessed by measuring saprophytic and parasitic growth using in vitro bioassays. Information on virulence (in vitro) was collected for a range of biotypes with the objective to relate in vitro parasitic growth with rhizosphere colonisation ability and secretion of extracellular enzymes. Results showed differences between biotypes in their ability to colonise the rhizosphere of plants, parasitise nematode eggs and to produce a range of extracellular enzymes but no significant relationships were found between saprophytic or parasitic growth and enzyme production. For the first time, the specific activity of protease, chitinase, esterase and lipase enzyme production by eleven biotypes of the fungus was examined. Enzymatic activity was shown to vary with the biotype and type of enzyme assayed and biotypes could be ranked according to their similarities in enzyme production A novel bioassay to estimate egg parasitism using liquid media highlighted the importance of nutrition in infection processes and suggested that all biotypes are able to infect large numbers of eggs rapidly if the conditions are favourable. The assay reliably detected fungal infection in nematode eggs within 48 hours and provided a simple, rapid assay to test the effect of specific nutrients at controlled concentrations on the infection process. Differences in infection rates between biotypes observed in previous tests on agar were not detected in the new assay in which nematode eggs and fungal conidia were added in suspension. Internal colonisation of individual whole Meloidogyne spp. eggs by P. chlamydosporia was observed using microscopy studies. The destruction of nematode eggs infected with the fungus within seven days, was confirmed. The in vitro formation of appressoria was studied in a range of P. chlamydosporia biotypes. for the first time. Biotypes were found to differ in their ability to produce appressoria but this ability was not related to differences in virulence (in vitro) against nematode eggs. Cont/d.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-28T17:43:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TAMIRES DOS SANTOS PEREIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2015..pdf: 2702576 bytes, checksum: 45431567404c5290f49012771848f87a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-28T17:43:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TAMIRES DOS SANTOS PEREIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2015..pdf: 2702576 bytes, checksum: 45431567404c5290f49012771848f87a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-17 / O ovo em sua forma integral ou a clara e gema apresentam-se como ingrediente fundamental em inúmeros produtos alimentares ao agregar propriedades nutricionais e funcionais. A secagem é uma maneira bem sucedida de conservação dos ovos, considerando algumas vantagens como: ocupar menos espaço no estoque; facilidade de transporte; boa uniformidade; utilização mais fácil e ter qualidade microbiológica estável. Uma vantagem considerável na secagem em camada de espuma é a sua capacidade de manter a alta qualidade dos produtos, apresentando grandes possibilidades para a indústria alimentícia, além da baixa temperatura empregada e com tempo de desidratação reduzido devido à maior área de contato com o ar. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a cinética de secagem em camada de espuma das claras dos ovos de granja e de capoeira (caipira), bem como ajustar os dados experimentais das curvas de secagem com modelos cinéticos como o de Henderson e Pabis, Midilli e Kucuk, Page e um modelo linear. Foram determinadas características da espuma, como densidade, expansão, capacidade de incorporação de ar e estabilidade da espuma. O estudo da influência das variáveis independentes sobre a secagem foi feito de acordo com um planejamento experimental fatorial completo 23 + 4 pontos centrais. As variáveis operacionais a serem estudadas (variáveis de entrada) foram: espessura da camada de espuma; tempo de agitação da espuma e temperatura de secagem. E as variáveis dependentes do processo (variáveis de saída) foram tempo de secagem e umidade final, teor de proteínas e luminosidade (cor). Foi realizada a caracterização físico-química, microscópica e de cor do pó obtido. A clara de ovo, por conter naturalmente propriedades espumantes devido ao alto teor e estrutura de suas proteínas apresentou resultados satisfatórios em relação à caracterização física da espuma. Todos os experimentos apresentaram uma boa reprodutibilidade, com curvas representadas caracteristicamente pela taxa constante e a taxa decrescente. Para o ajuste dos dados da clara de capoeira os modelos não lineares que melhor representaram os dados experimentais foram o de Midilli e Kucuk e o modelo de Page seguidos do modelo linear que foi utilizado para o ajuste dos dados até os 150 minutos de secagem. O modelo de Midilli e Kucuk apesar de apresentar o melhor coeficiente de determinação (R2) não foi estatisticamente significativo. Para a clara de granja o modelo linear apresentou o melhor ajuste considerando o tempo máximo de 130 minutos de secagem, seguido pelos modelos não lineares de Midilli e Kucuk e o de Page respectivamente. O processo de secagem da clara de ovo pelo método de camada de espuma mostrou-se satisfatório quanto aos parâmetros avaliados, sendo que as condições testadas não influenciaram de forma significativa em características tecnológicas importantes do produto final, como o teor de proteínas. / The egg in their entirety form or the white and the yolk present as essential ingredient in many food products by adding nutritional and functional properties. Drying is a successful way of conservation of eggs, whereas some advantages as to occupy less space ease of transport, good uniformity, easier to use and be stable microbiological quality. A considerable advantage in the foam-mat drying is its ability to maintain high product quality, presenting great opportunities for the food industry, besides the low temperature employed and reduced dehydration of time due to the larger area of contact with air. This work aims to study the drying kinetics in foam-mat drying the white of the farm eggs and capoeira (caipira) and to adjust the experimental data of the curves of dryness with the kinetic model obtained as Henderson and Pabis, Midilli and Kucuk , Page and a linear model. The study of the influence of the independent variables about dryness was made according to an experimental factorial plan complete 23 + 4 central points. The operational variables to be studied (input variables) were: thickness of the foam layer; shaking time of foam and drying temperature. And the dependent variables of the process (output variables) were drying time and final moisture content, protein content and brightness (color). It was made physicochemical characterization, and microscopic color of the powder obtained was performed. Egg whites to contain naturally foaming properties due to the high content and structure of its proteins showed satisfactory results regarding the physical characteristics of the foam. All experiments showed good reproducibility with curves represented by the characteristically constant rate and decreasing rate. For the adjustment of the data of the capoeira white data nonlinear models that best represent the experimental data were of Midilli and Kucuk and followed by Page linear model was used to fit the data until 150 minutes drying. The model of Midilli and Kucuk despite having the best coefficient of determination (R2) was not statistically significant. For the white of the farm linear model showed the best fit considering the maximum time of 130 minutes drying, followed by non-linear models and Midilli and Kucuk and the Page respectively. The process of drying the egg white froth layer method was satisfactory for the evaluated parameters, and the conditions tested did not influence significantly on important technological characteristics of the final product as the protein.

This thesis was conducted to evaluate important epidemiological features of Gastro-Intestinal Nematode (GIN) infections in Ontario sheep flocks; namely, the PeriParturient Egg Rise (PPER), overwintering of GIN free-living stages on pasture, and Anthelmintic Resistance (AR). Three main studies were carried out: a longitudinal study was conducted on six sheep farms to evaluate the PPER in ewes lambing in different seasons and to determine whether total plasma protein (TPP) levels and packed cell volume (PCV) were associated with increased fecal GIN-egg shedding. Secondly, a pilot-study was conducted on three farms to describe pasture-level environmental conditions and over-wintering survival and infectivity of free-living GIN larvae, especially Haemonchus contortus. Lastly, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 47 sheep farms in Ontario, to evaluate the frequency of AR, compare different diagnostic tests for AR, and evaluate management practices associated with AR. In the longitudinal study, the PPER was observed in winter, spring and autumn lambing ewes, though the magnitude and distribution of the PPER varied with season. Lower TPP and PCV values were associated with increased fecal GIN-egg counts. The pilot-study suggested that H. contortus larvae did not overwinter successfully on pasture, while other GINs, such as Teladorsagia sp., Trichostrongylus spp. and Nematodirus spp., were able to overwinter on pasture, and were infective the following spring. Resistance to ivermectin, fenbendazole and levamisole was demonstrated on 97% (28/29), 95% (19/20) and 6% (1/17) respectively of the farms tested; most of the resistance observed was found in Haemonchus sp. The Fecal Egg Count Reduction percentage following treatment was influenced by which mean (i.e. arithmetic vs. geometric) was used in the formula; use of pre-treatment in addition to post-treatment faecal egg counts was not influential. Both the fecal egg count reduction test and the larval development assay diagnosed resistance, but there was poor agreement between the two tests, as indicated by the Kappa test. The prior use of benzimidazoles on farms was associated with higher levels of fenbendazole resistance. The information generated in this thesis will be used to develop a parasite control program for sheep flocks in Ontario and to guide future research on GIN parasitism. / New Directions - Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; Ontario Sheep Marketing Agency; Ontario Agriculture Centre Canada; Merial; Animal Health Strategic Initiative - University of Guelph Partnership; Undergraduate Research Assistantship; Gartshore Memorial Sheep Scholarship;

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:31:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HiagosFFL_DISSERT.pdf: 794630 bytes, checksum: b9112529e3742dd0a6d9fbab5a1a63fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / In animal production, where food represents about 70% of the cost of production, the supply of calcium to participate in large numbers in feed formulations, become the use of mineral origin organic important to maximize animal performance and minimize costs. Taking up the importance of integrity and eggshell strength in the conservation of its nutritional and microbiological property that mean the product quality and food safety, these features become essential for the approval of the egg by the consumer market. The objective was to evaluate different sources of calcium in diets on growth performance and eggs quality of laying hens light. The cages are equipped with linear feeder in galvanized sheet and drinker type nipple. The birds were housed in shed screen, in masonry, with clay tile roof equipped with 120 metal cages (0,20m x 0,40m x 0,40m) galvanized wire provided sideboard eggs arranged in four rows with corridor central. We used 120 birds of Bankiva line in the initial laying phase, starting the experiment when animals were in egg production and body weight even, the experimental period was 22-34 weeks old and the birds distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments. Each treatment had 10 repetitions with 3 birds each unit experimental and consisted of four experimental diets with different sources of calcium: limestone, búzio shell flour (Anomalocardia brasiliana), oyster shell flour (Crassostrea brasiliana) and egg shell flour. Were evaluated: egg production rate, feed intake, feed conversion, absolute and relative weight of yolk, albumen and shell, height and width of the egg, specific gravity, yolk color, eggshell thickness, Haugh unit, albumen and yolk index. Had no significant effect (P> 0.05) between the treatments, for performance variables, egg production rate had a significant effect (P <0.05), its worst result egg shell flour. The egg shell flour was the only treatment showed significantly (P <0.05) for the weight, height and width of the egg, specific gravity, height and width albumen yolk, yolk absolute weight, albumen and shell, relative weight of the albumen and shell thickness, with worse results compared to the other treatments. Therefore, limestone, búzio shell flour and oyster shell flour, can be used as a source of calcium for laying rations / Na produção animal, onde a alimentação representa cerca de 70% do custo de produção, o suprimento de cálcio por participar em grande quantidade nas formulações de rações, torna a utilização de minerais de origem orgânica importante para se maximizar o desempenho animal e minimizar os custos. Levando-se a importância da integridade e resistência da casca do ovo na conservação de sua propriedade nutricional e microbiológica que significam a qualidade do produto e segurança alimentar, estas características tornam-se essenciais para a aprovação do ovo por parte do mercado consumidor. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar diferentes fontes de cálcio em rações, no desempenho produtivo e qualidade de ovos de poedeiras de linhagem leves. As aves foram alojadas em galpão telado, em alvenaria, com cobertura de telha de barro equipado com 120 gaiolas metálicas (0,20m x 0,40m x 0,40m) de arame galvanizado providas de aparador de ovos, dispostas em quatro fileiras com corredor central. As gaiolas são equipadas com comedouro linear em chapa galvanizada e bebedouro do tipo nipple. Foram utilizadas 120 aves da linhagem Bankiva em fase inicial de postura, iniciando o experimento quando os animais estavam com produção de ovos e peso corporal uniforme, o período experimental compreendeu de 22 a 34 semanas de idade sendo as aves distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com quatro tratamentos. Cada tratamento composto por 10 repetições com 3 aves por unidade experimental e sendo constituídos por quatro rações experimentais, com diferentes fontes de cálcio: calcário calcítico, farinha de concha búzio (Anomalocardia brasiliana), farinha de concha de ostra (Crassostrea brasiliana) e farinha de casca de ovo. Foram avaliados: taxa de postura, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, peso absoluto e relativo de gema, albúmen e casca, peso, altura e largura do ovo, gravidade específica, espessura de casca, unidade Haugh, índice de albúmen e de gema. Não foram significativas (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos estudados, as variáveis de desempenho, exceto taxa de postura, a qual obteve efeito significativo (P<0,05), tendo resultado inferior para o tratamento com a farinha de casca de ovo. A farinha de casca de ovo foi o único tratamento que apresentou efeito significativo (P<0,05), para as variáveis de peso, altura e largura do ovo, gravidade específica, altura da gema e largura do albúmen, peso absoluto de gema, albúmen e casca, peso relativo do albúmen e espessura de casca, apresentando resultados inferiores em comparação aos demais tratamentos. Portanto, o calcário calcítico, farinha de concha de búzio e farinha de concha de ostra, por apresentarem uma maior granulometria demonstrou melhores resultados, podendo ser utilizadas como fonte de cálcio em rações de poedeiras de linhagem leves

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-04-08T15:04:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sandra Regina Marcoline Gherardi - 2014.pdf: 1563773 bytes, checksum: 3c2b927eb08946b0b340ab1b4f2018fd (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-11T11:10:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sandra Regina Marcoline Gherardi - 2014.pdf: 1563773 bytes, checksum: 3c2b927eb08946b0b340ab1b4f2018fd (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-11T11:10:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sandra Regina Marcoline Gherardi - 2014.pdf: 1563773 bytes, checksum: 3c2b927eb08946b0b340ab1b4f2018fd (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-14 / In this work we aimed to evaluate the effect of time and temperature of storage on the quality, chemical composition and functional properties of white and brown eggs from commercial hens aged 50 and 30 weeks, respectively. We conducted two experiments, and in each experiment 240 eggs, white (exp. 1) and brown (Exp. 2) eggs were randomly selected, with an average weight between 55 and 65g stored in natural environment and refrigerated for a period of 28 days. A completely randomized design was adopted in a factorial arrangement with two temperatures (ambient and refrigerated)and five storage periods (1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) totaling 10 treatments with six replications and four eggs per experimental unit. The quality parameters evaluated were weight of egg, yolk, albumen and shell, yolk index, Haugh Unit, percentage of eggshell, albumen and yolk and pH of albumen and yolk. In the chemical composition analysis of albumen and yolk, we determined moisture, total lipids, protein, total solids and ash contents. The functional properties studied were foaming, foam stability, emulsion formation, time necessary to destabilize the emulsion and yolk color index. The storage time influenced negatively the parameters for both white and brown eggs with more marked influence on eggs stored under ambient condition. In case of changes, they were more intense in the first seven days of storage regardless of storage condition. The refrigerated conditions improved the stability of foams, decreased the amount of oil required to form emulsion and intensified the yolk color index. Storage under refrigeration guarantees the quality, chemical composition and functional properties of white and brown eggs, during 28-day study, extending the shelf life and hence the use by food industries. / Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência do tempo e temperatura de estocagem sobre a qualidade, composição química e propriedades funcionais de ovos brancos e marrons oriundos de aves comerciais com 50 e 30 semanas de idade respectivamente. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos e em cada avaliação, foram selecionados 240 ovos, brancos (Exp. 1) e marrons (Exp. 2), ao acaso, com peso médio entre 55 e 65g sendo armazenados em ambiente natural e sob refrigeração por um período de 28 dias. Foi adotado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, composto de duas temperaturas (ambiente e refrigeração) e cinco períodos de estocagem (1, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias) totalizando 10 tratamentos com seis repetições e quatro ovos por unidade experimental. Os parâmetros de qualidade avaliados foram peso do ovo, gema, albúmen e casca, índice de gema, Unidade Haugh, porcentagem de casca, albúmen e gema e pH de gema e albúmen. Para determinação da composição química foram determinados os teores de umidade, lipídios totais, proteína bruta, sólidos totais e cinzas tanto de albúmen quanto da gema. As propriedades funcionais estudadas foram capacidade de formação de espuma, estabilidade da espuma formada, capacidade de formação de emulsão, determinação do início da desestabilização da emulsão e índice de coloração da gema. O tempo de armazenamento influenciou negativamente sobre os parâmetros avaliados, tanto para ovos brancos quanto marrons, apresentando influência mais marcante sobre ovos mantidos sob condição ambiente. As modificações quando ocorreram, foram mais intensas nos primeiros dias de estocagem independentemente da condição de armazenagem. A refrigeração melhorou a estabilidade das espumas, diminuiu o volume de óleo necessário para formar emulsão e intensificou o índice de coloração das gemas. O armazenamento sob refrigeração garantiu a manutenção da qualidade, composição química e propriedades funcionais durante os 28 dias do estudo para ovos brancos e marrons, ampliando a vida de prateleira e consequentemente o uso pelas indústrias alimentícias.