Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2009.

The purpose of this essay is to examine the changes in the agricultural sector during the mid-nineteenth century. It was during this period "laga skiftet" was enacted, which was a law aimed at improving the efficiency of farms by changing the land structure within the collective of farms called "sock". The principal method proposed by "laga skiftet" was to change land from the pasture grounds to the field crop areas. Through meticulous study of original documents of the period, statistics were compiled and presented to show the effects on Enåker’s land structure. The result is conclusive and as intended by the law change, but minor anomalies exist. This is due to the unexplainable relation between the growth in field crop areas and the shrinking of pasture grounds during certain periods, leaving, in some cases, a large amount of hectare’s origins unexplained. Efforts are made to analyse and address this mystery, citing factors such as the use of forest areas and the marsh areas as previously untapped land. Other explanations are given for this disparity including macro-economic, technological and demand side factors. The conclusion finds the law change successful in achieving its goals but recognises other factors also contributed to the changing agricultural landscape during this time. With greater further research into this topic, building upon the groundwork in this text, answers to these anomalies may be unearthed and a wider understanding of the effects and merits of "laga skiftet” will become clear.

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Under början av 1900-talet rådde det stor bostadsbrist i Stockholm. För att komma till buktmed det växande problemet lät Stockholm stad upplåta mark i stadens närförorter.Småstugebyrån bildades år 1927 i syfte att förmedla dessa tomter till mindre bemedladepersoner samt barnfamiljer. Syftet med den här undersökningen är att ta reda på hur man löstebostadsbristen tiden kring sekelskiftet och hur förutsättningarna för dessa lösningarförändrades fram till mitten av 1900-talet. För att ta reda på detta kommer jag studeraSmåstugebyrån och de informationsbroschyrer som årligen gavs ut från startåret år 1927 framtill år 1959. Min undersökning visar att det egna arbetet i form av småstugor som skulle hjälpamindre bemedlade personer till en egen bostad senare kom att ersättas av inflyttningsklarasmåhus anpassat för personer med högre inkomster och större kapital.

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There are plenty of ways to make a company more effective. In this case Boliden Mineral AB in Renström wants to make their machines more accessible. One of the core factors as to why the machines have an unnecessarily long wait time lies in the spare part availability. Through a more reliable spare parts managing the mechanics can start repairs earlier. The current state of the spare part management uses a reactive method. This means that when a problem occurs an order is placed in order to fix it. This is a good way to handle acute problems however there is a way to stop the problems before they occur. Predictive management collects and analyses data to locate and solve underlying problems before they surface. In this project the focus is the ordering process for the spare parts. Since the company at this point in time does not have the required data for the formulas the project can only explain the theory.

The existence of income inequality between individuals in a society is a constant source of debate. There are many ways in which it is conceivable that the income inequality in a country can affect economic growth. The driving force behind, for example, undergoing higher education may be that it is expected to provide a future higher income. If the wage gap between unskilled and educated labor is too small, this drive can be lost and the level of education in the country will be low, which may lower the possibility of more efficient production and higher future economic growth. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the effect of income inequality on economic growth in OECD-countries. The thesis also aims to investigate why this effect arises by analyzing whether the income distribution has an impact on the growth savings ratio, population growth, human capital and productivity. This is conducted with a panel data approach on the OECD countries with data over the period 1990-2010.

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Det här är en historieekonomiskt studie som mäter frakt via olika transportmedel till/frånBilleruds bruk i Säffle 1895 – 1908 samt mellan 1920 – 1921 samt för år 1923. Det finns tvåstora vägar till Säffle under tiden, järnväg och vattenväg. Vattenvägen och Säffle Kanal harlegat i Säffle en längre stund och färdvägen är ungefär 50 år gammal vid bebyggelsen avBillerud. Transporten mäts genom att noga studera transportlängder skrivna av Säfflekanalbolag och Bergslagernas tågbolag samt av Billerud själva. En transportlängd är tabellerdär det står dokumenterat hur respektive färdvägs gods såg ut.Studiens syfte är att utläsa både fraktvolymer från Billeruds bruk under de bådaundersökningsåren för att komma fram till hur frakten såg ut, vilket färdsätt som lämpade sigmest för vilken typ av vara eller för import och export. Även transport av gods utrikes ärnågonting som utläses. Informationen från transportlängderna presenteras i tabeller. Studienssyfte är också att utläsa om ekonomisk tillväxt har skett mellan eller under de tvåundersökningsperioderna. Med ekonomisk tillväxt syftas på nya massakokare eller ökadetransporter av varor. Det räknas ut genom att korsa resultaten från transportlängderna med dentidiga forskningen, då mestadels boken Papper och massa i Värmland av Lennart Stolpe menäven annan litteratur förekommer.Underökningens resultat är att Billerud mestadels transporterade färdiga produkter viavattenvägen och tog emot gods i form av råmaterial via järnvägen. Även en viss utrikes exportupptogs under 1923 då pappersfabriken blev färdigställd. Även ekonomisk tillväxt bevisas ioch med att bruket ökar sin produktionskapacitet samt vidgar utbudet av produkter som detillverkar samt exporterar. / This study is a history study with a focus on economic growth and transport of gods from thefactory Billerud AB in the town named Säffle during the years 1895 – 1908 as well as 1920 –1923. There were 2 ways for the goods to come to Billerud, the waterway which includes thelocal channel and the Swedish railroad network. The first purpose of the study is to see whatgoods were transported using the different means of transport and where it was transported to.The second purpose is to see how Billerud evolved economically during the period, and that istracked through studying the factory’s local economic growth. The study is based on thearchived material of Säffle kanalbolag, the company who ran the channel, Berslagernasjärnvägar, the railway company that ran the railway witch Billerud used as well as Billerud’sown archived material on the subject.With the help of 2 African studies on economic growth in Africa the method is legitimized.Both proves that economic growth and infrastructure that support it is closely related. Bystudying the goods that were transported to and from Billerud, it is possible to see if economicgrowth in fact happened. The goods are presented in easy red charts.The result is that the raw materials the factory needed to produce their product, wood pulp,where driven to the factory via the railroad. The pulp itself were shipped on the waterway,through the channel. Paper was exported to many diverse places in Europe, mainly GreatBritain. Billerud did evolve the production. The max production capacity of pulp expandedduring the year 1900. A paper factory was built 1923 and started producing paper the sameyear. All in all, Billerud was successful during the years 1895 – 1908 and 1920 – 1921 as wellas the year 1923.