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A new bidirectional AC-DC converter using matrix converter and Z-source converter topologiesYou, Keping , Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW January 2007 (has links)
This thesis proposes a new bidirectional three-phase AC-DC power converter using matrix converter and Z-source inverter topologies. Advantages of the AC-DC matrix converter are the inherently controllable power factor, the tight DC voltage regulation, the wide bandwidth with quick response to load variation, the single-stage buck-voltage AC-to-DC power conversion; advantages of the z-source inverter are the increased reliability by allowing the shoot-through between upper and lower power switches of one inverter leg, insensitivity to DC bus voltage due to the extra freedom of controlling DC-link voltage. The proposed Matrix-Z-source converter (MZC) marries up both advantages of AC-DC matrix converter and Z-source inverter. It can achieve voltage-boost DC-AC inversion capable of variable voltage variable frequency (VVVF) AC output; it can achieve voltage-buck AC-DC rectification capable of inherent control over AC current phase angle and DC output regulation with a (VVVF) AC source supply. Both foresaid performance in DC-AC inversion and AC-DC rectification can be implemented in a simple open-loop control manner. Three constraints of VSI, in the bidirectional AC-DC power conversion, are the peak AC voltages are always less than DC-link voltage, closed-loop control has to be employed when DC regulation and/or AC current phase angle control are required, and AC voltage is sensitive to the variation of the DC-link voltage in DC-AC inversion. The voltage-boost inversion and/or voltage-buck rectification of MZC overcomes the first constraint; thus MZC enables the AC machine voltage increased higher than DC-link voltage hence advantages of running AC machine at relatively high voltages are enabled. The direct DC voltage regulation and inherent AC-current-phase-angle control of MZC overcomes the second constraint in an open-loop manner; hence a simplified system design is obtained with sufficient room for the further improvement by closed-loop control schemes. The extra freedom in controlling DC-link voltage of MZC overcomes the third constraint hence a DC source voltage adaptable inverter is obtained. This thesis focuses on the study of the feasibility of the proposed MZC through theoretical analysis and experimental verification. At first, the proposed MZC is conceptually constructed by examining the quadrant operation of AC-DC matrix converter and Z-source inverter. After the examination of the operating principles of both AC-DC matrix converter and Z-source inverter, the configuration of MZC is then proposed. The MZC has two operating modes: DC-AC inversion and AC-DC rectification. Circuit analysis for both operating modes shows that the new topology does not impose critical conflict in circuit design or extra restriction in parameterization. On the contrary, one version of the proposed MZC can make full advantage of Z-source network components in both operating modes, i.e. a pair of Z-source inductor and capacitor can be used as low-pass filter in AC-DC rectification. The modulation strategy, average modeling of system, and features of critical variables for circuit design of the proposed MZC were examined for each operating mode. Simulations of the proposed MZC and its experimental verification have been presented. Analytical models of conduction and switching losses of the power-switch network in different operating mode have shown that the losses in the MZC compare favorably with conventional VSI for a range of power factor and modulation indices.
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A highly linear and low flicker-noise CMOS direct conversion receiver front-end for multiband applicationsPark, Jinsung 09 July 2007 (has links)
This dissertation focuses on design and implementation of a highly linear and low flicker-noise receiver front-end based on the direct conversion architecture for multiband applications in a CMOS technology. The dissertation consists of two parts: One, implementation of a highly linear RF receiver front-end and, two, implementation of a low flicker-noise RF receiver front-end based for direct conversion architecture. For multiband applications, key active components, highly linear LNAs and mixers, in the RF front-end receiver have been implemented in a 0.18um CMOS process. Theoretical approaches are analyzed from the perspective of implementation issues for highly linear receiver system and are also compared with measured results. Highly linear LNAs and mixers have been analyzed in terms of noise, linearity and power consumption, etc.
For a low flicker-noise receiver front-end based on direct conversion architecture, the design of differential LNA and various low flicker-noise mixers are investigated in a standard 0.18um CMOS process. A differential LNA which shows high linearity was fabricated with a low flicker-noise mixer. Three low flicker-noise mixers were designed, measured and compared to the-state-of-the-arts published by other research institutes and companies.
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Design Of 1400W Telecom Power Supply With Wide Range Input AC VoltagePrakash, Daiva 04 1900 (has links)
In the fast growing field of Telecommunications, the back up DC power supply plays a vital role in powering the telecom equipment. This DC power supply is a combination of AC-DC Rectifier coupled with a battery bank to support the load when AC input is not available. Figures 0.1 and 0.2 show the line diagram of the DC power supply. The power supply is the most critical element in a telecom installation and it should be highly reliable in order to have un-interrupted service.
(Fig)
Besides reliability, power density and cost are the driving forces behind the success of a power supply in the market. Off late, the reach of telecom in the society is very wide covering remote villages and major metros. Given this environment, the power supply is exposed to extreme input conditions. It is desirable to design the power supply capable of withstanding wide AC input conditions. Another advantage is that the rectifier unit will keep the battery charged so that the battery will have long life.
This thesis is aimed at designing a 1400W (56V/25A) telecom power supply, keeping in view of the issues expressed above. The aim is to design a Switched Mode Rectifier (SMR) that tolerate wide input voltage variations (90Vac to 300Vac). In addition, the design covers unity input power factor, high efficiency (> 90%), high power density ( ), parallel operation and low cost ( ).
Chapter 1 of this thesis covers the context and motivation of the work. Chapter 2 presents the design issues pertaining to power supplies. The normalized description of the power converters is presented. Such a description enables one to compare several circuit topologies in order to make effective design decisions. In a similar way the effectiveness of the switches and mgnetics are presented to enable design decisions in the output stage of the rectifier. Chapter 3 presents the design of the 1400W telecom power supply, keeping in view of the stated specifications.
The performance results of the converter are presented in Chapter 4. All the design goals have been met. The design exercise has also given insights into possible further improvements. Contributions from this work and course of future development work are indicated in the concluding chapter.
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Contribution à la réduction des composants passifs dans les convertisseurs électroniques de puissance embarqués / Contribution to the reduction of passive components in onboard power convertersRouhana, Najib 23 May 2017 (has links)
Le volume des convertisseurs électroniques de puissance devient lié, dans une part importante aux composants passifs qui le constituent. En particulier, les condensateurs de découplage constituent une part non négligeable de ce volume. En outre, les évolutions technologiques des composants passifs et particulièrement la densité d'énergie des condensateurs de découplage s'accroit beaucoup moins vite que la densité de puissance des composants actifs auxquels ils sont associés (transistors de puissance). D'autre part, la technologie à film plastique utilisée représente une masse non recyclable qu'il est essentiel de minimiser. Leur rôle est néanmoins fondamental pour le fonctionnement de l'ensemble. Une réduction trop importante de leur valeur conduit à une augmentation de perturbations conduites et rayonnées, voire à une instabilité non contrôlée du bus de tension du véhicule. Cette instabilité, pouvant générer des surtensions importantes, pourrait conduire à une destruction du variateur. Dans certains cas, cette démarche de dimensionnement est compliquée par le fait que d'autres systèmes abonnés au bus source de tension continue participent également aux perturbations conduites, en particulier un deuxième variateur triphasé à découpage. Dans ce cas, un partage du même condensateur de découplage peut-être envisagé. Ceci dit, on est confronté à deux problèmes couplés : - D'une part, le dimensionnement des condensateurs reste lié au courant efficace (du point de vue de l'auto échauffement aussi bien que de l'ondulation de tension qui est également liée à la capacité, autre critère dimensionnant) qu'ils seront amenés à supporter. Il est donc souhaitable de mettre en œuvre des stratégies de réduction de ce courant. - D'autre part, la faible résistance série a tendance à réduire de manière importante le facteur d'amortissement de l'impédance de bus continu vue par l'entrée de l'onduleur. Il convient alors de s'assurer de la maîtrise de la résonance du bus dans une telle situation. Ce travail de recherche explore deux approches complémentaires permettant de minimiser la taille des condensateurs requis et de maîtriser les ondulations de tension à l'entrée du convertisseur : - Développer une stratégie de modulation aussi satisfaisante que possible pour le pilotage d'un onduleur triphasé classique à deux niveaux et trois bras de pont. La contrainte supplémentaire, liée aux risques de résonnance du bus continu, doit être analysée et sera un des objectifs des travaux proposés. - Etudier l’impact que peut avoir une stratégie de modulation sur l’ensemble de la chaine de traction électrique. Des contraintes additionnelles liées à la stratégie de modulation d'un variateur de vitesse automobile sont aussi prises en comptes comme par exemple : - La compensation des effets non-linéaires qui sont dus au comportement de l’onduleur de tension ; - La minimisation du stress exercé sur le condensateur de découplage partagé de manière commune entre deux onduleurs de tension, en termes d’ondulation de tension à ses bornes et de la valeur efficace du courant absorbé. Les résultats théoriques ont été validés expérimentalement sur deux bancs de tests : un premier dédié pour des essais à faible puissance sur une charge passive et un deuxième, monté au site de Lardy de Renault, dédié pour des essais à haute puissance sur une charge réaliste. / The volume of the electronic power converters becomes linked, in a large part, to the passive component which constitute it. In particular, the decoupling capacitors are a significant part of this volume. Moreover, the technological evolutions of the passive components and in particular the energy density of the decoupling capacitors increase much less rapidly than the power density of the active components to which they are associated. On the other hand, the plastic film technology used represents a non-recyclabl mass which it is essential to minimize. The role of the film capacitor is nevertheless fundamental for the functioning of the whole inverter. Too much reduction of their value leads to an increase in conducted and radiated disturbances, or to an uncontrolled instability of the vehicle DC bus voltage. This instability, which can generate significant overvoltages, could lead to a destruction of the switching power devices of the voltage source inverter. In some cases, this design approach could become complicated when other systems could be connected t the same DC voltage source bus, such as a second voltage source inverter. Hence, the same DC link capacitor is shared between the two inverters. Thus, it becomes much solicited and conducted disturbances may be generated. That said, we are confronted with two coupled problems. On the one hand, the design of the capacitors remains linked to the RMS current. It is therefore desirable to implement strategies to reduce this current. On the other hand, the low series resistance tends to reduce significantly the damping factor of the DC bus impedance seen by the input of the inverter. Hence, it is then necessary to ensure control of the resonance of the bus in such a situation. This research explores two complementary approaches to minimize the size of the required capacitors an to control the voltage ripples at the input of the converter: - Develop a P WM strategy that is as satisfactory as possible for controlling a conventional two-level three-phase inverter. The additional constraint, related to the resonance risks of the DC bus, must be analyzed and is one of the objectives of the proposed works. - Study the impact of P WM strategies on the entire electrical traction chain. Additional constraints related to the P WM strategy are also taken into account such as - Compensation for non-linear effects due to the behavior of the voltage inverter; - Minimization of the stress exerted on the decoupling capacitor commonly shared between two voltage source inverters in terms of voltage ripple across its terminals and the rms value of the absorbed current. Theoretical and simulation results have been validated experimentally on two test benches: one dedicated for low power tests on a passive load and the second one, mounted at the Lardy site of Renault, dedicated for hi h ower tests on a dynamic electrical machine.
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Integrated CM Filter for Single-Phase and Three-Phase PWM RectifiersHedayati, Mohammad Hassan January 2015 (has links) (PDF)
The use of insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)-based power converters is increasing exponentially. This is due to high performance of these devices in terms of efficiency and switching speed. However, due to the switching action, high frequency electromagnetic interference (EMI) noises are generated. Design of a power converter with reduced EMI noise level is one of the primary objectives of this research.
The first part of the work focuses on designing common-mode (CM) filters, which can be integrated with differential-mode (DM) filters for three-phase pulse-width modulation (PWM) rectifier-based motor drives. This work explores the filter design based on the CM equivalent circuit of the drive system. Guidelines are provided for selection of the filter components. Different variants of the filter topology are evaluated to establish the effectiveness of the proposed topology. Analytical results based on Bode plot of the transfer functions are presented, which suggest effective EMI reduction. Experimental results based on EMI measurement on the grid side and CM current measurement on the motor side are presented. These results validate the effectiveness of the filter.
In the second part of the work, it is shown that inclusion of CM filters into DM filters results in resonance oscillations in the CM circuit. An active damping strategy is proposed to damp the oscillations in both line-to-line and line-to-ground ac voltages and currents. An approach based on pole placement by state feedback is used to actively damp both the DM and CM filter oscillations. Analytical expressions for state-feedback controller gains are derived for both continuous-and discrete-time models of the filter. Trade-off in selection of the active damping gain on the lower-order grid current harmonics is analysed using a weighted admittance function method.
In the third part of the work, single-phase grid-connected power converters are considered. An integrated CM filter with DM LCL filter is proposed. The work explores the suitability of PWM methods for single-phase and parallel single-phase grid-connected power converters. It is found that bipolar PWM and unipolar PWM with 180◦interleaving angle are suitable for single-phase and parallel single-phase power converters, respectively. The proposed configuration along with the PWM methods reduces the CM voltage, CM current, and EMI noise level effectively. It is also shown that the suggested circuit is insensitive to nonidealities of the power converter such as dead-time mismatch, mismatch in converter-side inductors, unequal turn on and turn off of the switches, and propagation delays.
In the fourth part of the work, the inter-phase inductor in parallel interleaved power converters is integrated with LCL filter boost inductor. Different variant designs are presented and compared with the proposed structure. It is shown that the proposed structure makes use of standard core geometries and consumes lesser core material as well as copper wire. Hence, it reduces the overall size and cost of the power converter.
In the present work, a 10kVA three-phase back-to-back connected with input LCL filter and output dv/dt filter, a 5kVA single-phase grid-connected power converter with LCL filter, and a 7.5kVA parallel single-phase grid-connected power converter with LCL filter are fabricated in the laboratory to evaluate and validate the proposed methods. The experimental results validate the proposed methods that result in significant EMI performance improvement of grid-connected power converters.
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Performance evaluation and improvement of grid-connected technologyRaji, Atanda Kamoru January 2012 (has links)
Dissertation (DTech(Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012 / The confluence of the limited resources of fossil fuels (e.g. coal, oil and natural gas), environmental degradations leading to climate change, security of supplies and fossil fuels high costs have demanded a tremendous efforts on humanity to seek for a sustainable and unlimited natural energy sources. Amongst these renewable energy sources stands out solar energy because of its ubiquitousness. Solar energy is converted to DC electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic (PV) power systems installed in commercial and industrial buildings are a good example of distributed power generation. Here the energy consumption and production match and thus electricity taken from the grid during daytime peak hours can be reduced. This is beneficial as the transmission losses in the grid are avoided and also transmission need is reduced. The cost effectiveness of a solar energy system has hindered its wide adoption and deployment in terms of the initial capital cost even though it has a zero energy cost and very minimal operating and maintenance costs. Different governments have instituted many financial incentives for fast adoption of PV systems for both residential and commercial applications. However, all these incentives are not sustainable in the longer term forecast. For PV system to attain grid parity requires more than unsustainable approach of many governments providing time limited subsidies. The technical solution to the problem is to reduce the overall system cost through technical innovations. One such method is the adoption of transformerless inverter technology as the grid interface system. Transformerless inverter topology provides galvanic isolation through innovative inverter topology and switching strategies that eliminates problems created by not employing the service of transformer.
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Desenvolvimento de um conversor CC-CC de três portas parcialmente isolado baseado na integração dos conversores CUK bidirecional e LC série ressonante / Development of a partially isolated DC-DC three-port converter based on the bidirectional Ćuk and LC series resonant convertersMorais, Juliano Luiz dos Santos de 24 February 2017 (has links)
CAPES / O desenvolvimento de um conversor CC-CC de três portas é proposto neste trabalho. Através da combinação de um conversor bidirecional Ćuk e um transformador de alta frequência com um circuito retificador em ponte completa, duas portas de energia não isoladas e uma porta de energia isolada são obtidas. Um circuito LC série ressonante é empregado, resultando em comutação suave nos interruptores de potência. O conversor bidirecional Ćuk, controlado por modulação de largura de pulso (PWM) e o circuito tanque ressonante, controlado por modulação de frequência (PFM) acima da frequência de ressonância, permitem duas variáveis de controle para a topologia. Além disso, os interruptores de potência são compartilhados nas etapas de operação, reduzindo o número de componentes ativos. Regulação de suas portas é realizada para aplicações com elementos armazenadores de energia. São apresentados os modos de operação, a análise matemática e a estratégia de controle do conversor proposto. Os resultados experimentais são expostos para discutir a viabilidade da estrutura. / The development of a DC-DC three-port converter is proposed in this work. Through the combination of a bidirectional Ćuk converter and a high frequency transformer with a full-bridge rectifier circuit, two non-isolated energy ports and one isolated energy port are achieved. A LC series resonant circuit is employed, resulting in soft-switching in the power switches. The bidirectional Ćuk converter, controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM), and the tank resonant circuit, controlled by pulse frequency modulation (PFM) above the resonance frequency, allow two control variables for the topology. Furthermore, the power switches are shared for the operation of both circuits, reducing the number of active components. Port regulations are performed for applications with energy storage elements. Operation modes, math analysis and control strategy of the proposed converter are presented. Experimental results are exposed to discuss the feasibility of the structure.
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Retificador trifásico isolado em alta frequência para carregamento rápido de baterias de veículos elétricos / High-frequency isolated three-phase rectifier for eletric vehicle batteries fast chargingBianchin, Carlos Gabriel 19 October 2017 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um sistema trifásico para a carga rápida de baterias de veículos elétricos, com elevado fator de potência, isolação em alta frequência e reduzidos esforços de corrente. O sistema proposto baseia-se em uma estrutura de estágio único, integrando a etapa retificadora trifásica com um conversor CC–CC isolado em alta frequência. Esta estrutura utiliza dois conjuntos de retificadores bidirecionais trifásicos de dois níveis operando com controle da defasagem entre eles. São inseridos transformadores de alta frequência entre os braços de comutação, no total de três transformadores e um retificador e um indutor de filtro na saída. Esta estrutura permite a utilização da modulação PWM clássica para o controle das correntes de entrada, com elevado fator de potência, além de controlar a tensão do barramento primário. O controle do ângulo de defasagem entre os dois módulos retificadores permite controlar o fluxo de potência entre o barramento primário e o secundário, possibilitando o controle independente da corrente de saída do conversor. A operação integrada dos módulos retificadores e transformadores de alta frequência, permite obter algumas características importantes como redução das ondulações de corrente de entrada e de saída devido a operação multifase dos retificadores, divisão dos esforços de corrente entre os semicondutores, entre os indutores de entrada e divisão da potência nos transformadores de alta frequência (importantes para a operação em alta potência), um único estágio de processamento de energia com controles independentes das correntes de entrada e saída, operação com comutação suave na maioria dos interruptores e possibilidade de operação bidirecional entre a rede e outra fonte CC, tais como painéis fotovoltaicos, permitindo a redução do impacto dos sistemas de carga rápida no sistema elétrico, e também possibilitando a injeção de energia em períodos ociosos. O trabalho apresenta a análise da topologia, projeto e implementação de um protótipo de 10 kW para a carga rápida de baterias. / This work presents the development of a three-phase system for fast charging electric vehicle batteries, with high power factor, insulation at high frequency and low current stresses. The proposed system is based on a single-stage structure, by integrating the three-phase rectifier stage with a DC–DC converter isolated at high frequency. The proposed structure is based on the use of two sets of two levels bidirectional three-phase rectifiers operating with phase shift control between them. High–frequency transformer are inserted between the arms of each switching set, for a total of three transformers and a rectifier and a filter inductor on the output. This structure allows the use of classical PWM to control the input currents, obtaining high power factor, besides controlling the voltage of the primary bus. The phase shift control angle between the two rectifier modules allows to control the flow of power between the primary and the secondary bus, allowing independent control of the output current. The integrated operation of rectifier modules and high frequency transformers, allow to obtain some important operating characteristics such as reducted input current ripple and output by multi-phase operation of the rectifiers, division of the current efforts of the semiconductor between the input inductors and power division in the high-frequency transformers (important for operation with high power), single power processing stage with independent control of input and output currents, soft switching operation on most switches and possibility of bidirectional operation between the power grid and other DC source, such as photovoltaic panels, allowing the reduction of the impact of fast charge systems in the electrical system, and also enabling injection of energy in idle periods. his work presents the analysis of the topology, design and implementation of a 10 kW prototype for the fast charging batteries.
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Projeto e implementação de um retificador isolado em alta frequênciaAlvarenga, Daniel Bernardo de 25 March 2014 (has links)
NHS / Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e a implementação de um retificador Ponte Completa isolado em alta frequência com elevado fator de potência para aplicações em UPS. Este conversor é composto por um conversor Boost multi-fase operando em modo contínuo (CCM) integrado a um conversor ZVS CC-CC Ponte Completa sem o indutor de saída operando em modo descontínuo (DCM). A topologia apresenta comutação suave intrínseca, permitindo a operação com baixas perdas por comutação em altas frequência. Este conversor também apresenta operação multi-fase e redução da ondulação da corrente de entrada com o uso de dois indutores de entrada. A estrutura sem ponte de diodos possibilita a redução do número de componentes da etapa de potência, apresentando baixas perdas por condução. A implementação de uma nova malha de controle de potência, adicional ao controle convencional, permite melhor resposta dinâmica do conversor. Os detalhes da estratégia de controle, bem como o projeto dos componentes do circuito são apresentados. Os resultados são obtidos através de um protótipo com frequência de chaveamento de 43,2 kHz e comprovados através da simulação, sendo o rendimento máximo é igual a 92,2 % com potência nominal, 1,7 kW. Um novo controle com duas modulações independentes também é proposto, permitindo o conversor também operar como abaixador de tensão. Esta modificação possibilita maior faixa de tensão de saída do conversor e consequentemente para a saída do UPS. / This paper presents the development and implementation of a high power factor full-bridge rectifier with high frequency isolation for UPS applications. This converter is composed by a multiphase boost converter operating in continuous mode (CCM) integrated with a ZVS DC-DC full-bridge converter without the output inductor and operating in discontinuous mode (DCM). The topology presents intrinsic ZVS commutation allowing the operation with lower switching losses at higher frequencies. It also presents multiphase operation and input current ripple reduction by using two input inductors. The structure bridgeless rectifier reduces the number of semiconductors in conduction of power circuit, presenting lower conduction losses. The implementation of a new power loop control, allows a better dynamic converter response. Details of the control strategy and circuits components design are presented. The results are verified through a prototype with switching frequency equal to 43,2 kHz and the maximum efficiency is equal to 92,2 % at nominal power, 1,7 kW. A new control with two independent modulations is also proposed, allowing the converter operating also as step-down voltage. This modification provides greater range of converter output voltage and thus the output of the UPS.
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Desenvolvimento de um microinversor conectado à rede baseado na integração do conversor Cuk com uma estrutura de indutores chaveados / Development of an on-grid microinverter based on the Cuk converter and a switched inductor structureMorais, Julio Cezar dos Santos de 30 August 2017 (has links)
Neste trabalho é proposto o desenvolvimento de um novo microinversor de estágio único para aplicação em sistemas fotovoltaicos. A topologia apresentada é baseada na combinação do conversor Cuk com uma estrutura de indutores chaveados para obtenção de um maior ganho estático e um circuito inversor em ponte completa conectado à rede. A estrutura de indutores chaveados apresentada nesse trabalho reduz esforços de tensão e corrente nas chaves semicondutoras. Com o objetivo de facilitar o controle, a etapa CC do microinversor opera em modo de condução descontínua (DCM). Para injetar corrente senoidal com baixa distorção harmônica à rede, é aplicado às chaves semicondutoras da etapa CC uma modulação por largura de pulso senoidal (SPWM). As chaves semicondutoras do circuito inversor em ponte completa são comandadas na frequência da rede, reduzindo perdas por chaveamento. Por se tratar de uma topologia inédita, são apresentados os modos de operação e a análise matemática do conversor CC-CC Cuk com alto ganho estático. Posteriormente, são realizadas a análise teórica e a estratégia de controle do microinversor proposto. Os resultados experimentais são expostos para discutir o funcionamento da topologia proposta, através de simulações e da implementação de um protótipo de 180 W. / The development of a novel single stage microinverter is proposed. The presented topology is based on the combination of the Cuk converter with a switched inductor structure to obtain a higher static gain, and a full-bridge inverter circuit. The presented switched inductor structure reduces voltage and current stresses on the power switches. In order of simplify the control, the stage CC of the microinverter operate in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). To inject sinusoidal current with low harmonic distortion to the grid, a sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) is applied in the power switches. The switches of the full-bridge invertes are commanded in low frequency, in order to reduce switching losses. Operation modes and math analysis of the novel CC-CC converter are presented. Moreover, the math analysis and control strategy of proposed microinverter topology are exposed. Furthermore, experimental results are performed to analyze the proposed topology operation, by software simulations and implementation of a 180 W prototype.
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