The electric vehicle (EV) market is experiencing growth at an exponential rate, forcing automotive manufactures to invest in powertrain electrification. Manufactures are seeking low cost alternatives for electric propulsion motor technologies with switched reluctance motors (SRMs) having tremendous potential. The performance characteristics of SRMs designed for EV propulsion applications have yet to be experimentally verified. In this thesis, the operation of a 24/16 propulsion SRM specifically designed for a hybrid electric vehicle will be verified with a theoretical model and experimentally. The results are analyzed to gain further understanding of the factors affecting propulsion SRM operation. Two distinct theoretical models of a SRM are presented where one includes the effects of mutual coupling between two excited phases. The theoretical models and the experimental results indicate that for high power density SRMs, designed for propulsion applications, the effects of mutual coupling cannot be ignored. The motor is experimentally tested using a dynamometer machine. A test plan is presented which tests the motor at a wide speed and torque range suitable for EV applications. The testing procedure attempts to segregate the motor losses similar to international standards for induction machines and permanent magnet machines; however, these methods prove invalid due to the non-sinusoidal current in SRMs. Torque ripple minimization is highlighted to reduce the risk of detrimental speed fluctuation during motor testing with careful attention to thermal limitations. The SRM is tested using PWM current control as the baseline control method because hysteresis control is proven to be challenging for the tested SRM. The work presents many challenges associated with the testing and characterization of SRMs for propulsion applications; however, new research findings illustrate the potential of future improvements in propulsion SRM design and operation. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Recently, permanent magnet assisted (PMa)-synchronous reluctance motors (SynRM) have been considered as a possible alternative motor drive for high performance applications. In order to have an efficient motor drive, performing of three steps in design of the overall drive is not avoidable. These steps are design optimization of the motor, identification of the motor parameter and implementation of an advanced control system to ensure optimum operation. Therefore, this dissertation first deals with the design optimization of the Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor (PMa-SynRM). Various key points in the rotor design of a low cost PMa-SynRM are introduced and their effects are studied. Finite element approach has been utilized to show the effects of these parameters on the developed average electromagnetic torque and the total d-q inductances. As it can be inferred from the name of the motor, there are some permanent magnets mounted in the rotor core. One of the features considered in the design of this motor is the magnetization of the permanent magnets mounted in the rotor core using the stator windings to reduce the manufacturing cost. At the next step, identification of the motor parameters is discussed. Variation of motor parameters due to temperature and airgap flux has been reported in the literatures. Use of off-line models for estimating the motor parameters is known as a computationally intensive method, especially when the models include the effect of cross saturation. Therefore in practical applications, on-line parameter estimation is favored to achieve a high performance control system. In this dissertation, a simple practical method for parameter estimation of the PMa-SynRM is introduced. Last part of the dissertation presents one advanced control strategy which utilized the introduced parameter estimator. A practical Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) control scheme along with a simple parameter estimator for PMa-SynRM is introduced. This method is capable of maintaining the MTPA condition and stays robust against the variations of motor parameters. Effectiveness of the motor design procedure and the control strategy is validated by presenting simulation and experimental results of a 1.5 kW prototype PMa-SynRM, designed and manufactured through the introduced design method.

No description available.

Energy saving in coal power plants is a popular topic in present days with the global energy crisis. Internal electricity demand or auxiliary power consumption is an energy portion related with equipment supportive to the main equipment, which is unavoidable but with a proper investigation, some amount of this energy can be saved either by introducing thermally efficient auxiliary equipment or improving efficiencies of available equipment. Out of the various auxiliary equipment, the driving motor of boiler feed pump is the largest power consumer of internal electricity demand in 3x300 MW sub-critical Lakvijaya Power Station in Sri Lanka. So it is obvious that prime movers of feed pumps could be contributed for a large percentage of the losses. So it was decided to find out how to minimize the losses related to Boiler Feed Pump (BFP) system using small steam turbine to drive the BFP. The widely used alternatives for the BFP drivers are condensing type and back pressure type steam turbines. Eleven (11) different configurations of Condensing type, back pressure type and also extraction back pressure type turbines were considered and software programs for each configuration were implemented using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. The considered configurations are different to each other by inlet steam thermodynamic parameters, steam flow rate, exhaust thermodynamic steam parameters and intermediate extraction parameters etc. Thermodynamic analysis ended up with interesting solutions while all the configurations are giving improved efficiencies than existing electrical motor driven mode. But some of them had not improved their net output and hence there were no gain in net generator power output although the efficiencies are higher. Out of other configurations with improved net output and efficiency, the case with back pressure turbine arranged parallel to the HP turbine had the highest net output gain with better improvement in efficiency without changing the input power to the boiler. Considering the CO2 , SOx and NOx emissions, it was cleared that power plant with suggested BFP modes will give more clean energy than existing power plant. Considering the partial loads behavior it was observed that power plant with Back pressure turbine, steam extracted from HP turbines inlet for prime movers of boiler feed pumps is more thermodynamically economical than existing power plant. Annual financial saving with BFP configurations with positive net output gain and zero boiler input gain were calculated and it will be in between 0.46 and 2.72 UDS million / Year.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um mini-motor síncrono trifásico, sem escovas e com ímãs permanentes no rotor, utilizado em aeromodelos. O núcleo do estator, usualmente construído com chapas laminadas, foi obtido a partir do processo de Metalurgia do Pó (M/P). Confeccionaram-se corpos de prova de ferro puro, Fe1%P, Fe2%P, Fe3%P, Fe1%Si, Fe3%Si e Fe50%Ni. Foram analisadas as características físicas dos materiais sinterizados que compreendem as grandezas magnéticas: curvas de histerese, resistividade elétrica. Analisaram-se as grandezas mecânicas: dureza e tensão de escoamento. Com os dados magnéticos obtidos, realizaram-se simulações computacionais de funcionamento, onde se observou o fluxo de entreferro e torque. Efetuaram-se ensaios em núcleos de transformadores para analisar as perdas por correntes parasitas. Os resultados foram comparados também com os do estator de chapas. Foi realizada a construção do núcleo do estator a partir de Fe1%P. O estator do mini-motor foi bobinado e instalado em uma carcaça de um mini-motor existente no comércio, para efetuar testes em bancada de acionamento em correntes variadas, onde pôde ser analisada sua eficiência em comparação com o mini-motor com núcleo do estator de chapas. Foi mostrado que é possível a construção de um motor elétrico com núcleo do estator em bloco único de Fe1%P por processo de Metalurgia do Pó, atingindo 74% da eficiência em relação ao mini-motor com núcleo do estator de chapas. / This study aimed to develop three-phase synchronous motor small, brushless and permanent magnets in the rotor, used in model airplanes. The stator core usually constructed of rolled sheets, was obtained from the powder metallurgy process (M / P). Crafted to pure iron specimens, Fe1% P, Fe 2% P, Fe3% P, Fe1% Si, Fe3% Si and Fe50% Ni. They analyzed the physical characteristics of the sintered materials which comprise the magnetic quantities: hysteresis curves, electrical resistivity. Hardness and yield stress: mechanical magnitudes were analyzed. With the magnetic data, computer simulations were carried out of operation where the flux of airgap observed and torque. Tests were affected in cores of transformers for analyzing eddy current losses. The results were also compared with those of the stator plates. Construction of the stator core from Fe1% P was performed. The mini-motor stator was wound and installed in an enclosure of an existing mini-motor trade, for testing in drive bench in varying currents, which could be analyzed efficiency compared to the mini-motor with stator core plates. It has been shown that the construction of an electric motor with the stator core in a single block P Fe1% by Powder Metallurgy process is possible, reaching 74% efficiency relative to the mini-core motor with stator plates.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-12-22T15:57:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gerson Luis Garcia de Pinho_.pdf: 2989815 bytes, checksum: 548880c60cc2c4757d2e0df6e97150cb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T15:57:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gerson Luis Garcia de Pinho_.pdf: 2989815 bytes, checksum: 548880c60cc2c4757d2e0df6e97150cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-17 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / Este trabalho objetiva dissertar sobre os diversos fatores que produzem a queima dos motores elétricos de indução alimentados por inversores de frequência. Com o avanço da eletrônica de potência e o aumento da necessidade de variação de velocidade dos motores elétricos de indução em aplicações na indústria, a utilização de inversores de frequência tornou-se cada vez mais difundida. Em razão desse fato, surgiu uma nova preocupação entre os fabricantes e usuários de motores elétricos com relação à qualidade do sistema isolante, pois tornou-se objeto de estudo o fato de as altas frequências de chaveamento dos inversores de frequência provocarem picos de tensão sobre os terminais dos motores elétricos, podendo levar à ruptura do dielétrico do material isolante, requerendo sistemas de isolação mais resistentes. Apresenta-se nesta pesquisa o aquecimento do motor em sua estrutura geral, provocando a deterioração do isolamento dos condutores, bem como fenômenos físicos diretamente envolvidos. As características construtivas dos motores de indução e o grau de comprometimento destas em relação ao aumento da temperatura do motor elétrico desencadeiam um processo de “envelhecimento precoce” do motor. Portanto, o estudo do comportamento térmico tornou-se imprescindível no projeto de um motor elétrico de indução. Além de dissertar sobre os diversos fatores que produzem a queima dos motores elétricos de indução alimentados por inversores de frequência, o presente trabalho propõe a criação de índices de qualidade da energia para esses casos, para que sirvam de subsídios em estudos sobre a vida útil do motor elétrico. A metodologia utilizada para construção desses índices contempla uma média harmônica entre os índices de qualidade do inversor, cabo e motor, propostos neste trabalho. Ademais, visa fornecer dados para serem utilizados em projetos de novos equipamentos que possam medir esses índices. / This work aims to discuss the various factors that produce the burning of induction motors fed by frequency inverters. With the advancement of power electronics and the increased need for speed variation of induction motors in industrial applications, the use of frequency inverters has become increasingly widespread. Because of this fact, a new concern arose among the manufacturers and users of electric motors with regard to the quality of the insulation system, since it became the object of study that the high switching frequencies of the frequency inverters cause peaks of voltage over the Terminals of electric motors, which may lead to the rupture of the dielectric of the insulation material, requiring more resistant insulation systems. This study presents the heating of the motor in its general structure, causing the deterioration of the insulation of the conductors, as well as physical phenomena directly involved. The constructive characteristics of the induction motors and the degree of their engagement in relation to the increase in the temperature of the electric motor trigger an "early aging" of the engine. Therefore, the study of thermal behavior has become essential in the design of an electric induction motor. In addition to discussing the different factors that produce the combustion of induction motors fed by frequency inverters, the present work proposes the creation of energy quality indices for these cases, in order to be useful in studies on the useful life of the Electric motor The methodology used to construct these indices contemplates a harmonic average between the quality indices of the inverter, cable and motor proposed in this work. In addition, it aims to provide data to be used in new equipment projects that can measure these indices.

Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία γίνεται περιγραφή του ηλεκτρικού κινητήριου συστήματος της Πατραϊκής Χαρτοποιίας αποτελούμενο από κινητήρες συνεχούς ρεύματος για την παραγωγή χαρτιού "tissue". Επίσης παρουσιάζεται η σχεδίαση συστήματος καταγραφής βλαβών σε περιστρεφόμενες μηχανές μέσω της ανάλυσης φάσματος κραδασμών στο πλαίσιο της εφαρμοσμένης μεθόδου παρακολούθησης κραδασμών της προβλεπτικής συντήρησης. / In the current diploma thesis takes place a description of the electric motor drive system of Patraikh Xartopoiia which consist of direct current machines for the production of tissue type paper. Furthermore the design of damage recording system in rotating motors through vibration analysis is presented in the line of vibration monitoring applied method.

This work is intended to contribute with knowledge to the area of electic motorsfor propulsion in the vehicle industry. This is done by first studying the differentelectric motors available, the motors suitable for vehicle propulsion are then dividedinto four different types to be studied separately. These four types are thedirect current, induction, permanent magnet and switched reluctance motors. Thedesign and construction are then studied to understand how the different typesdiffer from each other and which differences that are of importance when it comesto vehicle propulsion. Since the amount of available data about different electricmotors turned out to be small a tool was developed to use for collecting data fromthe sources available which can be for instance product sheets or articles with informationabout electric motors. This tool was then used to collect data that wasused to create models for the different motor types. The created motor models foreach motor type could then be used for simulating vehicles to investigate how thespecific motor is suited for different vehicles and applications. The work also containsa summary of different electric motor comparison studies which makes it agood source of information during motor type selection in the process of designingan electric vehicle.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um mini-motor síncrono trifásico, sem escovas e com ímãs permanentes no rotor, utilizado em aeromodelos. O núcleo do estator, usualmente construído com chapas laminadas, foi obtido a partir do processo de Metalurgia do Pó (M/P). Confeccionaram-se corpos de prova de ferro puro, Fe1%P, Fe2%P, Fe3%P, Fe1%Si, Fe3%Si e Fe50%Ni. Foram analisadas as características físicas dos materiais sinterizados que compreendem as grandezas magnéticas: curvas de histerese, resistividade elétrica. Analisaram-se as grandezas mecânicas: dureza e tensão de escoamento. Com os dados magnéticos obtidos, realizaram-se simulações computacionais de funcionamento, onde se observou o fluxo de entreferro e torque. Efetuaram-se ensaios em núcleos de transformadores para analisar as perdas por correntes parasitas. Os resultados foram comparados também com os do estator de chapas. Foi realizada a construção do núcleo do estator a partir de Fe1%P. O estator do mini-motor foi bobinado e instalado em uma carcaça de um mini-motor existente no comércio, para efetuar testes em bancada de acionamento em correntes variadas, onde pôde ser analisada sua eficiência em comparação com o mini-motor com núcleo do estator de chapas. Foi mostrado que é possível a construção de um motor elétrico com núcleo do estator em bloco único de Fe1%P por processo de Metalurgia do Pó, atingindo 74% da eficiência em relação ao mini-motor com núcleo do estator de chapas. / This study aimed to develop three-phase synchronous motor small, brushless and permanent magnets in the rotor, used in model airplanes. The stator core usually constructed of rolled sheets, was obtained from the powder metallurgy process (M / P). Crafted to pure iron specimens, Fe1% P, Fe 2% P, Fe3% P, Fe1% Si, Fe3% Si and Fe50% Ni. They analyzed the physical characteristics of the sintered materials which comprise the magnetic quantities: hysteresis curves, electrical resistivity. Hardness and yield stress: mechanical magnitudes were analyzed. With the magnetic data, computer simulations were carried out of operation where the flux of airgap observed and torque. Tests were affected in cores of transformers for analyzing eddy current losses. The results were also compared with those of the stator plates. Construction of the stator core from Fe1% P was performed. The mini-motor stator was wound and installed in an enclosure of an existing mini-motor trade, for testing in drive bench in varying currents, which could be analyzed efficiency compared to the mini-motor with stator core plates. It has been shown that the construction of an electric motor with the stator core in a single block P Fe1% by Powder Metallurgy process is possible, reaching 74% efficiency relative to the mini-core motor with stator plates.

This master thesis is focused on the comparison of electric drive and drive with an internal combustion engine. The literary overview shows the history and beginnings of the first attempts to create a vehicle with an electric energy. This all goes back to the half of 19th century. In this thesis are also included types of electric engines which are used in drives. Great attention is focused on the several types of accumulators and their charging. The last chapter in the theoretical part is dedicated to the ecological aspect of commission and the production of electric energy which is used to the drive of the electric car. The second, practical, part deals with two levels. Concretely with the technical part where are compared the on-road performance, comfort, noise and functionality of the BMW i3 and Renault Clio. Another economical part which is focused mainly on the operating costs and the affordability of vehicles which were tested.