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1	A heuristic approach for scheduling of electrical buses Lindberg, Rasmus January 2020 (has links) The planning process of public transit systems have for long been a subject treated in operations research. In recent years, research within the public transit area focus on adapting this planning process for electric vehicles. This thesis evaluates a heuristic approach to the vehicle scheduling problem for electrical buses without the use of any licensed software. Among the previous research is an article that presents a mathematical model for scheduling of electrical buses using AMPL and CPLEX. However, due to not finding optimal solutions for all instances of the problem, the question of a heuristic approach is raised. Literature studies indicate that large neighbourhood search (LNS)-based heuristics have shown previous success for scheduling of vehicles. Results from the implementation of a constructive heuristic combined with an LNS-heuristic are compared with the results from the mathematical model and CPLEX. We see some success using the heuristic approach. However, the method we compare against still provide better solutions for almost all instances. More specifically, the difference between the results (number of buses needed) increases with an increasing complexity of the problem. Finally, due to the lacking results, some recommendations are given for improving the performance of the heuristic. Vehicle scheduling electrical buses heuristics Computational Mathematics Beräkningsmatematik
2	En elektrifiering av den interna busstrafiken på Stockholm Arlanda Airport Zisimopoulos, Dimitrios January 2016 (has links) Functional and cost effective systems for the full electrification of a bus network are areas of intense research and development. The electrification can be accomplished using different technological solutions, for example using opportunity charging or using an electric road system – ERS. Both opportunity charging and ERS have the potential to be integrated into already existing bus lines. With opportunity charging, the regular dwell time at the end stops is used for the bus to recharge its batteries and with an ERS the bus can charge dynamically along the road. The purpose of this report is to analyze how the existing Alfa- and Beta line at Stockholm Arlanda Airport, in a functional and cost effective way, can be electrified using either opportunity charging or an ERS. The tradeoff between required charging power, battery capacity and the necessity to change the existing running schedule is explained in detail. In addition, the impact on the electrical grid is analyzed based on different load profiles of different charging stations using different power levels. The analysis is based on real data from the Alfa – and Beta line with its existing buses, the electrical grid at Arlanda and data provided by both the leading (electrical) bus manufacturers and the leading charging infrastructure manufacturers. The outcome of this report suggests that a full electrification of the existing Alfa- and Beta line has the potential to lower CO2-emissions and energy use at a functional and cost effective way. Electric bus electrical buses fast charging opportunity charging electric road systems ERS conductive inductive charging BEV electrical grid electrification TCO infrastructure charging infrastructure Arlanda airport Elektrisk buss elbuss snabbladdning hållplatsladdning elväg ERS laddstation konduktiv induktiv laddning BEV elnät elektrifiering TCO laddinfrastruktur elfordon fossilfri fordonsflotta Arlanda flygplats

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A heuristic approach for scheduling of electrical buses

En elektrifiering av den interna busstrafiken på Stockholm Arlanda Airport