Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-23T18:55:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Marcus Vinicius da Silva Buraslan.pdf: 2691930 bytes, checksum: ae2883ca17abc595becc4b32d48ece12 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-23T18:55:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Marcus Vinicius da Silva Buraslan.pdf: 2691930 bytes, checksum: ae2883ca17abc595becc4b32d48ece12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-16 / The production of electronic waste presents itself as a major challenge by public, municipal, state and federal agencies of Brazil. The federal institutes are included in this scenario and should seek ways of collaborating in the reduction of production of this waste and find ways to make good use of them. In this sense, the environmental education allied with the artistic education can contribute in the reutilization of computer waste in the Institutes. The purpose of this research was to develop experiences at the Federal Institute of Education of Amapa/AP, where the electronic waste was used in an Environmental Education and Art perspective, adding knowledge of both areas in the objects produced by the students of the technical course of agriculture at the Porto Grande campus. We use the principles of participant survey, where those involved in research become agents of their reality transformation, in a critical way. Through lectures, speeches and art workshops, students were encouraged to produce objects of art that culminated in an exhibition for the community. We can conclude that the concepts of art can and should be added to the objectives of environmental education, so the society can mitigate the impacts caused to the environment by the increasing production of electronic rests. / A produ??o de res?duos de eletr?nicos se apresenta como um grande desafio a ser enfrentado pelos ?rg?os p?blicos municipais, estaduais e federais no Brasil. Os Institutos Federais est?o inseridos nesse cen?rio e devem buscar formas de colaborar para diminuir a produ??o desses res?duos e encontrar formas conscientes de aproveitamento dos mesmos. Nesse sentido, a Educa??o Ambiental aliada ? Educa??o Art?stica pode contribuir na reutiliza??o de res?duos de inform?tica nos Institutos. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi o de desenvolver experi?ncias no Instituto Federal de Educa??o do Amap?/AP, onde os res?duos eletr?nicos foram utilizados numa perspectiva de Arte e Educa??o Ambiental, agregando conhecimentos de ambas as ?reas nos objetos produzidos por alunos do Curso de T?cnico em Agropecu?ria do campus Porto Grande. N?s utilizamos dos princ?pios da pesquisa participante, onde os envolvidos na pesquisa se tornam agentes de transforma??o da sua realidade, de forma cr?tica. Atrav?s de aulas expositivas, palestras e das oficinas de arte, os alunos foram estimulados a produzir objetos de arte que culminaram numa exposi??o para a comunidade. Podemos concluir que os conceitos de arte podem e devem ser agregados aos objetivos da Educa??o Ambiental de forma que a sociedade possa mitigar os impactos causados ao meio ambiente pela crescente produ??o de res?duos eletr?nicos.

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

Baigiamajame magistro darbe susipažįstama su atliekas perdirbančių įmonių projektavimo ypatumais, užsienio šalių šios srities patirtimi, nagrinėjamos vyraujančios pramoninių objektų, jų kompleksų funkcinės ir technologinės schemos bei pagrindiniai veiksniai, lemiantys erdvinius – tūrinius sprendinius. Vadovaujantis analizių išvadomis ir atliktų tyrimų rezultatais, Elektrėnuose projektuojamas į atskirus tūrius išskaidytas kompleksas, kurio atskiruose segmentuose numatoma administracinė ir gamybinė funkcijos. Fiziškai kompleksą jungia techninis kiemas ir greta projektuojamas žaliasis parkas su lauko ekspozicija. Taip pat siūlomas urbanistinis teritorijos prieigų tvarkymas. Siekiant nukreipti krovininį transportą nuo išilgai Šviesos gatvės i���sidėsčiusių gyvenamųjų kvartalų, formuojami nauji privažiavimai nuo greitkelio. Numatomas žaliasis parkas vizualiai pridengia žemiau projektuojamą techninį kiemą, įkomponuoti vejoje išryškėja gamyklos tūriai. Darbą sudaro 7 dalys: įvadas, analitinė šaltinių apžvalga, vietos tyrimas, variantinis projektavimas, išvados ir siūlymai, projektas, literatūros sąrašas. Projekte pateikiama: analitinė medžiaga, pastato architektūriniai sprendimai (brėžiniai, maketai), aprašomos konstrukcinė, inžinerinės įrangos dalys, nurodomi techniniai ekonominiai rodikliai. Darbo apimtis – 78 puslapiai teksto be priedų, 52 iliustracijos, 30 bibliografinių šaltinių ir 4 internetiniai puslapiai. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai. / In the final master project the specification of the recycling plant design and the experience of the foreign countries in designing industrial factories are introduced. The predominant functional, technical schemes of industrial buildings and complexes are analysed, the main issues of influence to spatial and volumetric solutions are discussed. According to the conclusions of analysis and results of researches, a conceptual model for the project of the recycling plant is prepared. Based on the situation analysis a complex of separate administration and three production volumes is designed. The four segments are united with a technical yard and a green park with outdoor installations. It also includes the transport proposition of the site and the surroundings. New entrance roads from the both sides of the main road and an underpass are designed with the view of diverting heavy traffic from residential area along Šviesos street. Structure: introduction, typological investigations, research of analogues, situation analysis, variant designing, conclusions and suggestions, project, explanatory text, references. The project consists of: architectural decisions (drawings and models), constructional and building services part, technical specifications. Thesis consists of: 78 p. text without appendixes, 52 pictures, 30 bibliographical entries. Appendixes included.

Le bien-être de notre société dépend directement de plusieurs métaux tels que les métaux communs, les métaux précieux et, de plus en plus, les terres rares (TR). L’utilisation de ces métaux s’est développée dans de nombreuses applications, notamment pour les équipements électriques et électroniques (EEE), et leur approvisionnement interrompu est un enjeu majeur. Les appareils électroniques modernes contiennent jusqu’à 60 métaux différents. Il y a un intérêt grandissant pour les sources secondaires de ces métaux, en particulier les déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques (DEEE), afin de compenser des potentiels manques d’approvisionnement. Cette thèse de doctorat montre les avantages et les inconvénients des approches biologiques et chimiques, ainsi que des avancées et perspectives dans le développement de procédés viables for la récupération des métaux des DEEE. Un nouveau procédé for la récupération des métaux des DEEE est décrit et une évaluation économique est fournie. Les cartes de circuits imprimés (CCI) des ordinateurs de bureau, des ordinateurs portables, des téléphones mobiles et des serveurs de télécommunications ont été étudiées. Les CCI jetées contenaient des concentration en métaux dans la gamme (% du poids) cuivre (Cu) 17,6 - 39,0 / fer (Fe) 0,7 - 7,5 / aluminium (Al) 1,0 - 5,5 / nickel (Ni) 0,2 - 1,1 / zinc (Zn) 0,3 - 1,2 , ainsi que de l’or (Au) (en ppm) 21 - 320. Une analyse multicritère (AMC) utilisant la méthodologie du processus d’analyse hiérarchique (PAH) a été appliquée pour la sélection de la technologie de récupération des métaux la plus adaptée. Une preuve du concept d’extraction par une double étape de biolixiviation est fournie, dans laquelle 98,4% et 44,0% de cuivre et d’or, respectivement, ont été extrait. Cette procédure d’extraction à deux étapes a aussi été appliquée pour la lixiviation chimique des métaux des CCI. La lixiviation du Cu a été effectuée dans un mélange acide d’H2SO4 et d’H2O2, alors que l’Au a été extrait par du S2O32− dans un milieu NH4+, catalysé par CuSO4. Avec les conditions opératoires optimales, 99,2% et 92,2% de Cu et d’Au, respectivement, ont été extrait de ces matériaux. La récupération sélective du Cu du lixiviat de biolixiviation a été étudiée en utilisant la précipitation sulfurée et l’extraction électrolytique (electrowinning). Le Cu a été récupéré de manière sélective en 50 min sur la cathode à une densité de courant de 50 mA, avec une efficacité de 97,8% et une purité de 65,0%. L’analyse technico-économique et l’évaluation de la viabilité environnementale de la nouvelle technologie à un stade précoce de développement ont été étudiées / The well-being of the society depends on a number of metals, including base metals, precious metals and increasingly rare earth elements (REE). The usage of these metals increased in numerous applications, including electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), and their interrupted supply is at stake. There is an increasing interest in the secondary sources of these metals, particularly waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in order to compensate their potential supply deficit. This PhD thesis demonstrates the advantages and bottlenecks of biological and chemical approaches, as well as the advances and perspectives in the development of sustainable processes for metal recovery from WEEE. Furthermore, a novel process for the recovery of metals from WEEE is described, and a techno-economic assessment is given. Discarded printed circuit boards (PCB) from personal computers (PC), laptops, mobile phones and telecom servers were studied. Following an extensive literature review, a novel characterization and total metal assay method is introduced and applied to waste board materials. Discarded PCB contained metals in the range of (%, by weight): copper (Cu) 17.6 - 39.0, iron (Fe) 0.7 - 7.5, aluminum (Al) 1.0 - 5.5, nickel (Ni) 0.2 - 1.1, zinc (Zn) 0.3 - 1.2, as well as gold (Au) (in ppm) 21 - 320. In addition, multi-criteria analysis (MCA) using the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) methodology is applied for selection of the best-suited technology. A proof-of-concept for a two-step bioleaching extraction was given, in which 98.4% and 44.0% of the Cu and Au, respectively, were extracted. The two-step extraction concept was applied to the chemical leaching of metals from PCB. Cu leaching was carried in an acidic oxidative mixture of H2SO4 and H2O2, whereas Au leaching for carried out by S_2 O_3^(2-) in a NH_4^+ medium, catalyzed by CuSO4. Under the optimized parameters, 99.2% and 96.6% of Cu and Au, respectively, were extracted from the board material. Selective recovery of Cu from the bioleaching leachate using sulfidic precipitation and electrowinning was studied. Cu was selectively recovered on the cathode electrode at a 50 mA current density in 50 minutes, with a 97.8% efficiency and 65.0% purity. The techno-economic analysis and environmental sustainability assessment of the new technology at an early stage of development was investigated

abstract: Currently, consumers throw away products every day, turning those materials into waste. Electronic waste poses special problems when it is not recycled because it may contain toxic components that can leach into landfill surroundings and reach groundwater sources or contaminate soil, and its plastic, metal, and electronic materials do not biodegrade and are lost rather than recycled. This study analyzes a system that attempts to solve the electronic post-consumer-waste problem by shifting the economic burden of disposal from local municipalities to producers, reducing its environmental impacts while promoting economic development. The system was created in British Columbia, Canada after the province enacted a recycling regulation based on Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), a policy strategy that is fast growing globally. The BC recycling regulation requires all e-toy corporations in BC to comply with a government-approved product-stewardship program to recover and dispose of e-toys after they have been discarded by consumers. In response to the regulation, e-toy corporations joined a Canadian non-profit entity that recycles regulated waste. I conducted a case study using in-depth interviews with the stakeholders to identify the outcomes of this program and its potential for replication in other industries. I derived lessons from which corporations can learn to implement stewardship programs based on EPR regulations. The e-toy program demonstrated that creating exclusive programs is neither efficient nor economically feasible. Corporations should expect low recycling rates in the first phases of the program implementation because EPR regulations are long-term strategies. In order to reach any conclusions about the demand of consumers for recycling programs, we need to measure the program's return rates during at least three years. I also derived lessons that apply to the expansion of EPR regulations to a broader scope of product categories. The optimal way to expand EPR policy is to do it by gradually adding new product categories to the regulation on a long-term schedule. By doing so, new categories can take advantage of existing stewardship programs and their infrastructure to recover and recycle the post-consumer products. EPR proved to be an effective option to make corporations start thinking about the end of life of their products. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Sustainability 2014

Orientador: Ademar Ribeiro Romeiro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T09:01:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ansanelli_StelaLuizadeMattos_D.pdf: 1598579 bytes, checksum: 6087fd04d98f2581fb30d12e417b9729 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as influências das exigências ambientais européias para equipamentos eletroeletrônicos sobre o Brasil. Essas exigências, que tratam da eliminação de substâncias perigosas (RoHS) e da gestão dos produtos pós-consumo (WEEE), têm afetado as empresas do setor eletrônico e da indústria de bens e serviços ambientais em países desenvolvidos (dentro e fora da Europa) e em países de industrialização recente. O complexo eletrônico no Brasil também tem sido afetado, pois a maior parte das empresas no Brasil está se adequando à RoHS; isso tem gerado inovações tecnológicas incrementais de processo. Contudo, as empresas estrangeiras estão mais avançadas do que as nacionais pelo apoio que recebem da matriz. A indústria de bens e serviços ambientais possui um potencial de mercado, caso seja implementada uma diretiva do tipo WEEE. Diante desses novos desafios competitivos, da falta de legislação pertinente e de infra-estrutura de gestão de resíduos, os caminhos políticos devem pautar-se pela discussão entre os agentes e fortalecimento da capacitação técnica e institucional e de gestão de resíduos do país / Abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of european environmental requirements for electrical and electronic equipment on Brasil. These requirements, that deal with hazardous substances phasing out (RoHS) and post-consume management (WEEE), have afected the firms of electronic sector and environmental goods and services industry in developed countries (in and out Europe) and in developing countries. The brasilian electronical sector has also been afected because most firms are complying with RoHS; it has caused process incremental tecnological innovation. However, foreign firms are more advanced than national ones due to the headquarter support. The environmental goods and services industry has market potential in case a WEEE-like directive be established in Brasil. Due to these new competitive challenges and to the lack of concerning legislation and waste management infrastructure, political paths should be driven by issues between agents and technical and institutional capacity and waste management strenghtening in Brasil / Doutorado / Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente / Doutor em Economia Aplicada

Os equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos (EEE) possuem uma grande importância na sociedade contemporânea, e estão presentes no cotidiano das pessoas de forma ubíqua. Com o aumento no consumo de EEE juntamente com a obsolescência precoce, surge um novo tipo de resíduo, chamado de Resíduos de Equipamentos Elétricos e Eletrônicos (REEE). Os REEE não devem ser descartados em aterros, pelo risco de contaminação e pelo desperdício de material. Assim, a reciclagem se faz necessária. As placas de circuito impresso (PCI) estão presentes na grande maioria do REEE e contem a maior variedade de metais, incluindo metais valiosos como Au, Ag, Pt e Cu. A complexidade torna a reciclagem destas placas muito difícil. Rotas hidrometalúrgicas tem surgido como uma alternativa mais limpa para o tratamento de PCI, em detrimento aos processos pirometalúrgicos. Nas rotas hidrometalúrgicas, os metais são extraídos pela lixiviação realizada por ácidos ou bases. O efeito ultrassônico tem sido empregado na síntese de novas substâncias e também em alguns casos no tratamento de resíduos. O processo central no uso de ultrassom é a cavitação acústica, capaz de produzir microbolhas na solução com temperatura da ordem de 5000 K e pressão de 500 atm localmente. Além disto, a implosão das bolhas de cavitação em meio heterogêneo causa um jato de solução na superfície, que pode alcançar velocidade de 100 m.s-1. Assim, esta tese tem como objetivo a investigação do efeito do ultrassom sobre PCI obsoletas. Dois efeitos foram investigados: o efeito da cominuição das PCI promovido pela cavitação e a influência da cavitação na lixiviação com ácido sulfúrico de Fe, Al e Ni. Os parâmetros investigados na cominuição foram: tipo de placa, granulometria da placa moída e potência de ultrassom. Os parâmetros de lixiviação avaliados foram: razão sólido-líquido (S/L), concentração de ácido e potência de ultrassom. Também foram realizados ensaios de lixiviação sonicados com meio oxidante. Foi feita a análise cinética para se determinar qual é o controle da reação de lixiviação. / Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE) have a large importance on modern society, and are present in daily life in a ubiquitous manner. With the increase in consumption of EEE associated with planned obsolescence, a new type of waste arises: Waste of Electrical and electronic Equipment. WEEE shall not be disposed in landfills due to contamination risk and loss of valueable material. In this way, recycling is necessary. Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) are present in most of WEEE and contains the largest variety of metals, including the valuable ones, like Au, Ag, Pt and Cu. Complexity of PCB makes recycling difficult. Hydrometallurgical routes have emerged as cleaner alternative for PCB treatment, instead of pyrometallurgical ones. In hydrometallurgical routes, metals are extracted by leaching performed by acids or bases. Ultrasonic effect has been employed in synthesis of new substances and also in some cases in waste treatment. Acoustic cavitation is the central phenomenon in ultrasound processing, and it is capable in producing microbubbles with temperature of 5000 K and pressures of 500 atm locally. Furthermore, bubbles imploding near a surface cause a jet streaming, and it can reach velocity of 100 m.s-1. So, this thesis aims to investigate the effect of ultrasound on obsolete PCB. Two distinct effets were investigated: the effect of comminution of PCB promoted by cavitation and the influence of ultrasound in sulphuric acid leaching on metals Fe, Al and Ni. In comminution, the following parameters were investigated: type of board, initial particle size of boards and ultrasound power. Leaching experiments were conducted to evaluate influence of solid-liquid (S/L) ratio, acid concentration and power ultrasound. Ultrasonic leaching of metals in presence of oxidizing agent was also conducted. Kinetic analysis was performed in order to determine what kind of control affects the leaching reaction. Keywords: leaching; ultrasound; solid waste; electronic waste.

Orientadores: Carmenlucia Santos Giordano Penteado, Sandro Tonso / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Tecnologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T12:18:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martilho_MarciaCristina_M.pdf: 3700203 bytes, checksum: a01268eaacc93879931bf5897a403bb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A fração de resíduos de equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos (REEE) presente nos resíduos sólidos urbanos vem crescendo em todo o mundo, trazendo novos desafios às administrações municipais para a gestão dos resíduos. Os REEE possuem uma combinação de substâncias e elementos que lhes conferem ao mesmo tempo alto valor agregado e periculosidade, requerendo um tratamento pós-consumo diferenciados. A Lei Nº 12.305, de 2 de agosto de 2010, que institui a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, regulamentada pelo Decreto nº 7.404, de 23 de dezembro de 2011, obriga fabricantes, importadores, distribuidores e comerciantes de produtos eletroeletrônicos a estruturar e implementar sistemas de logística reversa. O objetivo desta dissertação foi realizar um diagnóstico da situação atual dos REEE no município de Piracicaba-SP. Para tanto foi utilizada como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa exploratória através de entrevistas com atores relevantes dentro do contexto de geração e manejo de REEE, dessa forma foram levantadas as principais rotas de fluxo pós- consumo destes resíduos. A geração de REEE em Piracicaba para o período de 2010 a 2030 foi estimada através do Método de Consumo e Uso, resultando em uma geração de 48 mil toneladas para o período, com média per capita de 4,59 kg/hab.ano. Piracicaba possui uma estrutura de coleta de REEE disponibilizada pela Prefeitura Municipal e pelo setor privado. Há locais para a população dispor pilhas e baterias, lâmpadas fluorescentes, aparelhos celulares e produtos eletroeletrônicos duráveis. Porém, as ações disponibilizadas são fragmentadas, e a infraestrutura ainda é bastante limitada, com pontos de coleta concentrados na região central do Município, não sendo totalmente acessível a toda população. O levantamento realizado nos serviços de informação ao consumidor e sites institucionais de fabricantes sobre o descarte de produto pós-consumo constatou que estes não orientam de forma eficiente o consumidor quanto aos procedimentos para descarte dos produtos da empresa e há discrepâncias de informações entre os dois sistemas de informação. Através desta pesquisa é possível vislumbrar um cenário que precisa unir diferentes sistemas de gerenciamento de forma integrada, que pode ser compartilhado entre setor público e privado, dentro dos requisitos legais, para atender as necessidades de cada local e ser inclusivo em extensão e distribuição no espaço / Abstract: The fraction of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) present in municipal solid waste is increasing all over the world, bringing new challenges to municipalities for managing municipal wastes. WEEE's have a combination of substances and elements that confer both high-value and dangerousness, requiring a different treatment post-consumer. The Brazilian Law no 12,305 of August 2nd 2010, regulated by Decree no 7,404 of December 23 2011, establishes the National Policy on Solid Waste and requires that manufacturers, importers, distributors and marketers of electronic products design and implement reverse logistics systems. The objective of this dissertation was to perform a diagnosis of the current situation of WEEE in the municipality of Piracicaba-SP. For this purpose, it was used as methodology a qualitative research, through interviews with relevant actors within the context of generation and management of WEEE, thus have been raised the main routes of flow of post-consumer waste. The generation of WEEE in Piracicaba for the period 2010 to 2030 was estimated by the method of consumption and use, resulting in a generation of 48 000 ton for the period, with average per capita of 4.59 kg per inhabitant per year. Piracicaba has a structure for WEEE collection provided by the Municipality and the private sector, with places where people can dispose of batteries, fluorescent bulbs, cell phones and durable electronic products. However, the actions available are fragmented, and the infrastructure is still rather limited, with collection points concentrated in the central region of the city, not being fully accessible to the entire population. The survey carried out in the information services to the consumer and institutional websites of manufacturers on the disposal of post-consumer products found that they do not efficiently guide the consumer on the procedures for disposal of their products, and there are discrepancies in the information provided by the two information systems. From this research it is possible to describe a scenario that must join different management systems in an integrated system, which can be shared between public and private sectors, within the legal requirements to meet the needs of each location and be inclusive in scope and space distribution / Mestrado / Tecnologia e Inovação / Mestre em Tecnologia

1.1\xWith the emphasis on particulate matter (PM) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from uncontrolled sources, this study focused on the ambient air pollution of e-waste recycling regions and the indoor air quality of urban areas in South China.;1.2\xIn the past decades, severe PM and POPs pollutions were recorded in e-waste recycling regions in China. Since the 2010s, more effective measures, stricter regulations and sophisticated dismantling technologies have been implemented in Guiyu and Qingyuan by local authorities. In this study, total suspended particles (TSP), fine particles (PM2.5), gas phase samples, and indoor settled dust were collected simultaneously in the primary recycling areas as well as reference sites in Guiyu and Qingyuan in August, 2013. The results showed that both PM, PCDD/Fs (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans) , PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) in ambient air showed significantly reduced levels in the regions, compared with the former corresponding reports. The changed source patterns of the POPs confirmed the environmental effects of the implementation of stricter regulation and advanced technologies in these years. Nevertheless, the remained uncontrolled e-waste recycling activities in Guiyu, including plastics recycling and circuit board baking, still made significant influence to the air environment and resulted in alarming levels of PCDD/Fs (0.73~2.43 pg I-TEQ/m3) in the recycling areas. While in Qingyuan, high environmental PCBs burden was observed both in informal (1737 pg/m3) and formal recycling areas (1075 pg/m3), which could attribute to the uncontrolled dismantling of PCB-contained transformers. The estimated non-cancer risk for children and adults in the recycling regions were 2.7~25.2 and 1.2~3.2, respectively, and moderate cancer risk were found for the residents living in the recycling regions of Guiyu and the vicinage of the formal recycing factory (CR>10-4). The unacceptable estimated risk for both children and adults suggested unsafe air environments in the two recycling regions.;1.4\xCollectively, our results suggest unsatisfactory air quality in both e-waste recycling regions and common urban areas. The air problems could both attribute to the uncontrolled sources of the related spaces. The obtained results firstly indicated that a long way to solve e-waste issues and more effective measures are needed to control the contaminants release and the exposure to the local residents. Secondly, indoor air quality standard for fine particulate matters as well as associated toxicants such as PAHs is urgently needed to guide common populations and communities.;1.5\xKeywords: Air pollution; E-waste recycling; Urban areas; Indoor air; Ambient air; PM2.5; Persistent organic pollutants; Health risk assessment

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Electronic waste is one of the biggest problems of the XXI century, for the increase in amount in which it is being generated, as for its varied chemical composition and toxicity of some substances present in it. However, despite showing up as such relevant theme to be discussed in classroom, it has been receiving little emphasis in the Chemistry teaching. Thus, the present paper has as its focus the discussion around the theme in the initial and continued formation of Chemistry teachers, aiming at investigating in which forms it may be approached and how it may collaborate in the formation of such teachers. For that, this research has been divided in three phases: the development of an extension activity related to the electronic waste theme (phase E1), the insertion achievement of this theme in the initial formation of Chemistry teachers (phase E2), and the elaboration and execution of a continued formation course approaching the electronic waste theme (phase E3). In the first phase, a distribution of reagent kits which allow the experimental activity achievement was carried out, being the qualitative identification of metals present in the electronic waste one of them. The participating teachers in this phase answered a questionnaire which aimed at investigating questions related to electronic waste and the participation in continued formation courses. In phase E2, two interventions with students of BSc in Chemistry of UFSM were carried out: an experimental activity of investigative character and the elaboration of class plans approaching the electronic waste theme. In phase E3 a continued formation course was developed with ten Chemistry teachers, in which activities related to electronic waste with Chemistry teaching through the contact with such residue, the discussion of texts, the class plan elaboration and analysis, as well as through the discussion about the experimental activity importance and the different teaching resources (teaching videos and books). Phase E3 also counted on the elaboration of a website which aimed at, among other actions, collecting material (articles, websites, and videos) about the electronic waste theme. Therefore, through the obtained results in all phases of this research, it was verified that electronic waste emerges as a Chemistry teaching possibility, being able to be approached in different manners. Besides that, according to the assessment of the participating teachers, the developed activities around the theme contributed with their professional formation, making possible the discussion of new ideas and strategies for their role in classroom. / O lixo eletrônico é um dos grandes problemas do século XXI, tanto pelo aumento da quantidade em que está sendo gerado, quanto por sua variada composição química e pela toxicidade de algumas substâncias presentes no mesmo. Entretanto, apesar de figurar como um tema tão relevante de ser discutido em sala de aula, ele vem recebendo pouca ênfase no Ensino de Química. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem como foco a discussão deste tema na formação inicial e continuada de professores de Química, buscando investigar de que formas ele pode ser abordado e como pode colaborar na formação desses professores. Para isso, esta pesquisa foi divida em três etapas: desenvolvimento de uma atividade de extensão relacionada ao tema lixo eletrônico (etapa E1), a realização de inserções deste tema na formação inicial de professores de Química (etapa E2) e a elaboração e execução de um curso de formação continuada abordando o tema lixo eletrônico (etapa E3). Na primeira etapa, foi realizada a distribuição de kits de reagentes que permitem a realização de atividades experimentais, sendo uma delas a identificação qualitativa de metais presentes no lixo eletrônico. Os professores participantes desta etapa responderam um questionário que buscou investigar questões relacionadas ao lixo eletrônico e à participação de cursos de formação continuada. Na etapa E2, foram realizadas duas intervenções com acadêmicos do curso de Química Licenciatura da UFSM: uma atividade experimental de caráter investigativo e a elaboração de planos de aula abordando o tema lixo eletrônico. Já na etapa E3 foi desenvolvido um curso de formação continuada com dez professores de Química, no qual foram realizadas atividades relacionando o lixo eletrônico com o Ensino de Química através do contato com estes resíduos, da discussão de textos, da elaboração e análise de planos de aula, bem como por meio de discussões acerca da importância das atividades experimentais e de diferentes recursos didáticos (vídeos e livros didáticos). A etapa E3 também contou com a elaboração de um website que objetivou, entre outras ações, reunir materiais (artigos, sites, vídeos) sobre o tema lixo eletrônico. Sendo assim, através dos resultados obtidos em todas as etapas desta pesquisa, verificamos que o lixo eletrônico surge como uma possibilidade para o Ensino de Química, podendo ser abordado de diferentes formas. Além disso, de acordo com a avaliação dos professores participantes, as atividades desenvolvidas envolvendo esse tema contribuíram com a sua formação profissional, proporcionando a discussão de novas ideias e estratégias para sua atuação em sala de aula.