This thesis studies the problems with maintaining the spectral purity of fully integrated VCO circuits for radio frequency synthesizers in single-chip system designs. LC tank circuit oscillator circuits are shown to convert amplitude variation in the tank circuit voltage into frequency modulation, if voltage dependent capacitances are present in the tank circuit. Since the parasitic capacitances of the gain transistors and the capacitance of the varactor device in a VCO circuit are voltage dependent, any interfering signal, that is able to modulate the amplitude of the VCO tank circuit voltage waveform, is converted to FM sidebands in the output signal spectrum. It is also shown that the AM-FM conversion may be prohibited under some conditons. A new method for simulating the steady-state voltage waveform of an LC tank circuit oscillator is presented. In this method, one complete oscillation cycle is simulated piecewise, employing the known solution of the damped harmonic motion equation. The voltage-dependent parameters of the equation are updated in the beginning of each segment. The steady state is found by matching the initial conditions and the final conditions of one complete oscillation cycle, using a numerical optimization algorithm. The method avoids finding the solution of the differential equation with variable coefficients. For minimizing the sensitivity of integrated VCO circuits to the intra-chip noise sources, this work proposes minimizing the AM-FM conversion by designing the VCO in the way that the voltage dependent capacitances of the oscillator core circuit are made to cancel each other’s effects on the oscillation frequency at some amplitude level. Experimental results demonstrate 15 dB suppression of the sidebands due to the modulated tail current noise in a negative-Gm spiral inductor PFET VCO circuit. The varactorless prototype circuit is implemented in a 0.35 µm CMOS technology. The measured tuning range of the 3 GHz back gate tuned VCO circuit is 10 %, and the current consumption of the core circuit is 2.5 mA. The phase noise level is -110 dBc at 500 kHz offset frequency. The last part of this thesis discussses the problems with modeling and characterizing small MOS transistors, and presents characterization of 28 µm wide MOSFSET devices. A new method for extracting the drain and source electrode resistances from the measured Z22 response is presented. The response is measured at a constant and very low signal frequency, with Vds = 0 V and with various gate-source bias voltage values. At low signal frequencies, the equivalent diagram of the MOSFET is dramatically simplified, since all parasitic capacitors of the device may be ignored. Consequently, the number of degrees of freedom in the curve fitting is reduced to only two.

This thesis for the Master of Science degree was performed at Solectron Corporation in Norrköping. The background for the thesis was a need to develop and build two test fixtures to automatize testing and adjusting of transmitter modules (TX-fixture) and receiver modules (RX-fixture) which are head devices in DWDM-systems. The basic elements for the test fixtures are: Test board, switch board and DC/DC board. The main function of the test board is to handle communication between the transmitter and receiver modules and supply voltage to these modules. The test board was insufficient and modified with a microprocessor to handle the communication between the PC and the receiver module. There are two connectors (NexLev) on test board to connect the receiver and transmitter modules. The switchboard has been used in fixtures for testing and adjusting both the receiver and transmitter modules for data rate up to 2.5 Gbit/s. This board has been modified for use in new fixtures for data rate up to 10Gbit/s. Because the power consumption of the test module will be measured with the amperemeter in the power supply, the reference module and the test module cannot be supplied by the same power supply. Because of high cost and the fact that no current is measured it is unacceptable to use a power supply to feed the reference module. The solution is to build a DC/DC board. Because the NexLev connector has a durability of 30-40 times it was necessary to have a connector with higher durability. This connector is located between the test board and the test module. Without this connector the project will not be profitable for the company. Some parts in RX- and TX-fixture have been used in older versions of fixtures for data rate up to 2.5Gbit/s. These parts have been updated for the new test demands of the new fixtures.

Abstract CORDIC (Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer) is an iterative algorithm for the calculation of a two-dimensional vector in circular, linear or hyperbolic coordinate systems. This paper presents a survey of known CORDIC algorithms and architectures for the rotation and vectoring mode in the circular cordinate system. In addition an implementation of the differential CORDIC algorithm in VHDL has been done. The implementation is designed to keep the fast timing and throughput characteristic known for on-line redundant arithmetic.

The purpose of this thesis was to design an electrical system for use in a ballistic test at the Swedish National laboratory of forensic science (SKL). The detector unit would use four main parts: coilsystem, transmitter, reciever and indicator. The coilsystem would be based on a balanced system using three coils. One that creates a magneticfield and the other two will sense the differences when a metallobject is in the coilsystem. This report starts out by investigating possible solutions for this specific task followed by a description of the physics that the metaldetector use. Then a description of the design of a scaled metaldetector model followed by testing and evalution. The results are then beeing used when the design and testing of the full scale detector. The possible solutions for the transmitter-, reciver- and indicator circuit are then beeing described and also simulated. Last in this report a evalution and suggestions of further improvments are presented.

<p>This thesis for the Master of Science degree was performed at Solectron Corporation in Norrköping. The background for the thesis was a need to develop and build two test fixtures to automatize testing and adjusting of transmitter modules (TX-fixture) and receiver modules (RX-fixture) which are head devices in DWDM-systems. The basic elements for the test fixtures are: Test board, switch board and DC/DC board. </p><p>The main function of the test board is to handle communication between the transmitter and receiver modules and supply voltage to these modules. The test board was insufficient and modified with a microprocessor to handle the communication between the PC and the receiver module. There are two connectors (NexLev) on test board to connect the receiver and transmitter modules. </p><p>The switchboard has been used in fixtures for testing and adjusting both the receiver and transmitter modules for data rate up to 2.5 Gbit/s. This board has been modified for use in new fixtures for data rate up to 10Gbit/s. </p><p>Because the power consumption of the test module will be measured with the amperemeter in the power supply, the reference module and the test module cannot be supplied by the same power supply. Because of high cost and the fact that no current is measured it is unacceptable to use a power supply to feed the reference module. The solution is to build a DC/DC board. </p><p>Because the NexLev connector has a durability of 30-40 times it was necessary to have a connector with higher durability. This connector is located between the test board and the test module. Without this connector the project will not be profitable for the company. </p><p>Some parts in RX- and TX-fixture have been used in older versions of fixtures for data rate up to 2.5Gbit/s. These parts have been updated for the new test demands of the new fixtures.</p>

Detta projekt är utfört vid Novanik AB i Karlstad. Uppgiften bestod av att anpassa ett befintligt mätdatainsamlingssystem till ett nyinförskaffat robotsystem. Robotsystemet är tänkt att kunna ersätta ett tidigare använt system, som bestod av en helt annan typ av robot. Rapporten visar hur roboten har spänningsanpassats till det svenska elnätet eftersom roboten var inköpt ifrån USA och användes i deras elnät. Rapporten visar även hur roboten framgångsrikt har anpassats så att den kan styras med redan befintlig programvara (som användes till den äldre roboten). / The project is about integrating a recently bought robot system into an already existing measurement data collection system. This robot is meant to replace an older and different robot model. The project was performed at Novanik AB in Karlstad. This report will show how the robot has been voltage adjusted to fit the Swedish electric power system because the robot was bought from USA and used in their electric power system. The report will also show how the robot successfully was adjusted to be controlled by the existing software (which was used for the old robot).

<p>Denna rapport behandlar akustisk undervattenskommunikation. I rapporten tas olika aspekter upp på modulering, demodulering, kanalutjämning, den akustiska undervattenskanalens egenskaper samt andra fenomen och problem som kan uppkomma vid undervattenskommunikation. Speciellt har vikten i rapporten lagts vid adaptiva kanalutjämnare. </p><p>Utifrån olika simuleringar provades en undervattenskommunikationsmodell under fältmässiga förhållanden. Resultatet av utprovningen visade att differentiellt fasskift i kombination med en kanalutjämnare fungerade väl under rådande förhållanden. </p><p>I rapportens senare del beskrivs ett undervattenskommunikationssystem uppbyggd kring en Xilinx Spartan2 FPGA. Konstruktionen är resultatet av de teoretiska och praktiska slutsatser som framkommit under arbetets gång.</p>

<p>Telia Telesvar is an automatic anwering machine that is provided in your stationary telephone at home. The drawback of this is that you cannot see if anyone has called you. </p><p>This report describes how a terminal for Telias Telesvar could be designed. Telesvar terminal will show in a display if anyone called you and show the incoming number. It will also play the spoken message in a built in speaker. </p><p>The design is based on some key components, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and DTMF (Dual Tone Multiple Frequency) and PIC16F877 microcontroller. These components are also described in the report.</p>

<p>The purpose of this thesis was to implement a serial communication port model for a digital signal processor. It is a behavioral model, developed using VHDL, that is instruction comparisable to the Motorola digital signal processor DSP 56002. It supports five different data transfer modes and provides a programmable baud rate generator. </p><p>This report starts out by giving a description of the external port, port C, the pin control logic and general purpose functionality. Then a more detailed description of the three pin dedicated serial communication interface is presented, the different operating modes and the baud rate generator are described.</p>

<p>The goal of this work is to summarize the calculations for scaling and noise of twoportadaptor. Two different methods has been described and used for the final results.</p>