This issue represents contribution to discussion of the population protection within the emergency planning zone of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant (NNP). My intention was to evaluate the actual system of public protection measures in the case of potential appearance of the radiation accident. As a part of this evaluation the analysis of correlation between emergency classification system of emergency events severity, valid for Temelín NPP, and system of immediate protective measures for population was done. The introductory parts of my work describes the basic information about Temelín Nuclear Power Plan. The main attention was given to nuclear safety, radiation protection, principles of emergency preparedness and types of NPP operating modes. Further system of public protection measures for the case of radiation accident appearance is described. Emergency classification system of potential extraordinary events at Temelín NPP and principles of announcements and public warning is also explained in this part. Part of this information represents description of potential implementation of immediate protective actions. One of the outputs is in the form of simple educational software program useful especially for children education. They can received information how to behave in the case of radiation accident declaration. Software is enclosed in the form of compact disk and gain knowledge can be verified by a short test.

The topic of the thesis was mainly chosen, because in recent years many areas of the Czech Republic were repeatedly affected by floods of varying intensity and the police were forced to coordinate rescue and relief work with other units of the integrated rescue system (IRS). In practice performance-related police tasks were influenced by the quality of preparations (especially planning documentation) and decisions of the persons, who are entrusted with the rights and duties of coordinating the intervening units activities. At the same time no document, that deals with the issue, has been processed so far. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is divided into three subsections. The first one aims to familiarize the reader with basic tasks, history, organizational breakdown and legislation governing the activities of the police. The second one examines ispecially the role of the integrated rescue system, its components, process and the role of emergency planning and related legislation. The last subchapter is devoted to crisis management, its bodies, related legislation and crisis planning. The practical part consists of a list of basic police tasks, which was created by analyzing documents prepared in the emergency and crisis planning for the capital city of Prague district. The police competences determined by the applicable effective legislation were subsequently applied to tasks of the list. The result of the above process was the finfing, which specific rules regulate the various police tasks, what specific permissions are officers abble to use to accomplish the task and where are the limits of their options. The aim of this thesis is to create a comprehensive document, that would contain the legal powers of the police and was especially useful in the practice of entities involved in the processing of emergency and crisis plans (including practical examples of the application of individual rights). In this context, there were formulated the following research questions: Suffers legislation of competencies of the Police of the Czech Republic from fragmentation (are the rights and obligations scattered in a number of legal norms)? Are police powers sufficient to perform all the tasks, which are imposed to this unit of the IRS by emergency and crisis plans processed for the capital city of Prague? The results of the thesis have shown that the legislation of the police activities is based on the amount of generally binding legal regulations, which are supplemented by internal regulations of the Ministry of Interior and the police themselves. Although the internal regulations don't have general applicability, they affect the performance of police tasks in practice as well. The fragmentation of legislation may cause an incorrect assessment of the police competencies by the bodies that are involved in emergency and crisis planning. By the coordination of the integrated rescue system activities, this documentation becomes one of the sources for decisions of incident commander or crisis management authority, resp. person standing at the head (especially the mayor or governor). In most cases these persons will not be experts in all relevant spheres and they will logically follow the documentation of the integrated rescue system, or documentation of crisis management. The quality of this documentation (or, conversely, lack thereof) will have practical impact on the success of the management of emergency events or crisis situations. Analysis of current documentation processed in the emergency and crisis planning for the capital city of Prague has shown, that most of the tasks assigned to the police corresponds to their competencies. There were also recorded some tasks that do not belong to the police competences. It involves the sorting of injured people by the START method and their transport to medical facilities by police vehicles.

Nuclear facility accidents involving leaks of radioactive substances into the environment might have serious radiobiological impacts on inhabitants in some cases and would require immediate or subsequent protective measures from iodine prophylaxis and hiding to evacuation or permanent resettlement. The first part of the thesis describes the conditions of nuclear facility operation, technology of the Temelin nuclear power plant, including description of technology and function of emergency systems and the basic principles of security, and environment protection. It also describes the principles and aims of nuclear safety, radiation protection and accident preparedness. A more detailed description of accident preparedness at the Temelin power plant including links to the External Emergency Plan and announcement of safety measures for inhabitants follows. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the decision making process on announcement of evacuation in the pre-leak phase of radiation accident from the point of view of the Temelin nuclear plant operator?s possibilities. The part Methodology includes a description of RTARC software for evaluation of radiological impacts of radioactive substance leakage into the environment of the Temelin nuclear plant in case of radiation accident. The set of source members (event scenarios) used for the calculation is also described there. The chapter Results presents and assesses the RTARC calculations. We may say upon analyses of the results that application of the decision making support programme is beneficial and is practically able to help with efficient protection of citizens in the final effect. For a part of the considered source members evacuation on pre-leak phase cannot be recommended with regard to the quick progress and leakage of radioactive substances into the environment.

This theses is speaking about the posibilities of commit a terrorist action through the agency of the dangerous chemical substances or explosive devices in the Czech Republics shopping centers. Teoretical part wants to give an informations about legislative base of this dilema, characteristic of the shopping centers, characteristic of the disposable resources to the perpetration the terrorist action and the instruments for the solution of theses expectional events. The unique survey is base of practical parts. The survey was carry out to the fading out the best possibilities to commit a terrorist action. More than twenty experts were the respondents. The another parts of the practical part are the descriptions of the scenarios of the terrorist action, suggestions to the protection of the persons in the shopping center and the crisis plan for the shopping center to the solution of the expectional event which is describe in this theses.

At he beginning of my thesis some basic notions are explained and there is a brief survey and conditions of the creation of legislation regulating the discussed problems, i.e. emergency laws, laws regarding dangerous substances handling and Nuclear Act above all. In the second part I analyze the readiness of state and community bodies for non-military critical situations (emergency legislation, documents of emergency planning) and for the solution of extraordinary events, I emphasize the task and activities of the integrated emergency system. In the following text I focus in detail on the legislation related to the way of securing and handling dangerous substances and radioactive substances. These are the following acts above all: Act on the Prevention of Serious Accidents (duties of operators handling dangerous substances, participation of public and its informing, state administration), Act on Chemical Substances and Chemical Agents (classification, testing and registration, marking and packaging of chemical substances and agents, transport of dangerous substances), Act on Waste and problems of nuclear energy and ionizing radiation are regulated by the Nuclear Act (nuclear safety and readiness for accidents, measures in the zone of emergency planning). This legislation is completed and detailed by some orders and regulations. The practical part is focused mainly on realizing the level of public knowledge and public awareness, mostly in the surroundings of institutions handling dangerous substances, about the risks connected with the operation of these institutions and about the suitable behaviour of inhabitants in case of an emergency connected with dangerous substances leakage. In the introduction of the practical part I state the characteristics of the survey as a whole, I define the basic file of respondents (from the point of view of identification marks), I describe methods used. In the next part I briefly state the examined regions from the point of view of the occurance of emergencies of dangerous substances leakage. I used the form of a questionnaire for handling this. The questionnaire was focused on questions about real knowledge (toxic effects of some substances, marking dangerous substances, emergency numbers knowledge, axioms of the behaviour of public in case of en emergency of dangerous substances leakage, nuclear problems). In an enclosure to the questionnaire I ask about the interest of the respondents in these problems and their preferences as for a suitable way to be informed about the risks connected with the operation of these institutions. The results of the survey are detailed in the chapter with this title. At the end of my thesis I state some recommended forms how to improve the know-how of public in emergency of dangerous substances leakage. The end of my thesis and the discussion focus on results summary and comparison of the results of my thesis with the results of other authors.

[ES] El conocimiento se considera un activo esencial en las organizaciones para gestionar adecuadamente las actividades diarias; pero también es importante que las personas cuenten con los conocimientos, formación y entrenamiento necesarios para responder a situaciones imprevistas cuando se produce un incidente, que puede acabar en una situación de emergencia. Los conocimientos adquiridos en la gestión de emergencias mejoran la respuesta de una organización y de su personal. Proporcionar una capacitación adecuada y de calidad en materia de emergencias a todos los implicados, y conocer el nivel actual de capacitación de los recursos humanos son factores vitales en la respuesta a las emergencias. Centrándonos en el enfoque teórico de la capacitación, las organizaciones necesitan implementar un marco que gestione y fomente la formación y entrenamiento de su personal, así como la toma de decisiones en relación con las actividades para la gestión de emergencias. En esta tesis doctoral proponemos el marco de la Mejora Continua para la Capacitación en la Gestión de Emergencias (CiET) que permite personalizar la capacitación de los involucrados (stakeholders) en las diferentes fases de la gestión de emergencias (pre-desastre, respuesta, post-desastre) en una organización. Dicha capacitación ayuda a preparar a las organizaciones, y proporciona información contextual y no contextual a los involucrados sobre cómo responder a los incidentes y cómo volver a la actividad normal lo antes posible. La gestión del conocimiento mejora la sensibilidad al contexto, aumenta la concienciación de las involucrados, apoya la toma de decisiones, mejora la respuesta de éstos, y aumenta la calidad de la gestión de emergencia. Se propone el marco CiET que incluye un modelo de capacitación propio basado en objetivos de aprendizaje personalizados para cada rol de los involucrados en la gestión de emergencias, soportado por una herramienta llamada CiET-Tool. Esta herramienta de capacitación gestiona, organiza y proporciona conocimientos, para transformarlos en formación y entrenamiento que fortalecen las capacidades de los involucrados. Los resultados de la evaluación de la capacitación se gestionan en un cuadro de mando (dashboard) con los principales indicadores de los resultados de los objetivos de aprendizaje, apoyando la toma de decisiones para la mejora continua. Además, el marco CiET puede integrarse con otras herramientas de evaluación de la gestión de emergencias, lo que aumenta su potencial. Finalmente, todas las capacidades a mejorar en los involucrados han sido estudiadas y clasificadas, proponiendo una taxonomía, que se presenta como guía para todo marco de capacitación en gestión de emergencias. / [CA] El coneixement es considera un actiu essencial en les organitzacions per a gestionar adequadament les activitats diàries; però també és important que les persones compten amb els coneixements, formació i entrenament necessaris per a respondre a situacions imprevistes quan es produeix un incident, que pot acabar en una situació d'emergència. Els coneixements adquirits en la gestió d'emergències milloren la resposta d'una organització i del seu personal. Proporcionar una capacitació adequada i de qualitat en matèria d'emergències a tots els implicats, i conèixer el nivell actual de capacitació dels recursos humans són factors vitals en la resposta a les emergències. Centrant-nos en l'enfocament teòric de la capacitació, les organitzacions necessiten implementar un marc que gestione i fomente la formació i entrenament del seu personal, així com la presa de decisions en relació amb les activitats per a la gestió d'emergències. En aquesta tesi doctoral proposem el marc de la Millora Contínua per a la Capacitació en la Gestió d'Emergències (CiET) que permet personalitzar la capacitació dels involucrats (stakeholders) en les diferents fases de la gestió d'emergències (pre-desastre, resposta, post-desastre) en una organització. Aquesta capacitació ajuda a preparar a les organitzacions, i proporciona informació contextual i no contextual als involucrats sobre com respondre als incidents i com tornar a l'activitat normal al més prompte possible. La gestió del coneixement millora la sensibilitat al context, augmenta la conscienciació dels involucrats, dona suport a la presa de decisions, millora la resposta d'aquests, i augmenta la qualitat de la gestió d'emergència. Es proposa el marc CiET que inclou un model de capacitació propi basat en objectius d'aprenentatge personalitzats per a cada rol dels involucrats en la gestió d'emergències, suportat per una eina anomenada CiET-Tool. Aquesta eina de capacitació gestiona, organitza i proporciona coneixements, per a transformar-los en formació i entrenament que enforteixen les capacitats dels involucrats. Els resultats de l'avaluació de la capacitació es gestionen en un quadre de comandament (dashboard) amb els principals indicadors dels resultats dels objectius d'aprenentatge, donant suport a la presa de decisions per a la millora contínua. A més, el marc CiET pot integrar-se amb altres eines d'avaluació de la gestió d'emergències, la qual cosa augmenta el seu potencial. Finalment, totes les capacitats a millorar en els involucrats han sigut estudiades i classificades, proposant una taxonomia, que es presenta com a guia per a tot marc de capacitació en gestió d'emergències. / [EN] Knowledge is considered an essential asset in organizations to properly manage daily activities; but it is also important that people have the necessary knowledge, education, and training to respond to unforeseen situations when an incident occurs, which may end in an emergency. The knowledge acquired in emergency management improves the response of an organization and its personnel. Providing adequate and quality emergency training to all involved and knowing the current level of training of human resources are vital factors in emergency response. Focusing on the theoretical approach to training, organizations need to implement a framework that manages and encourages the education and training of their personnel, as well as decision making in relation to emergency management activities. In this doctoral thesis we propose the Continuous Improvement for Emergency Management Training (CiET) framework that allows to customize the training of stakeholders in the different phases of emergency management (pre-disaster, response, post-disaster) in an organization. Training helps to prepare organizations, and provides contextual and non-contextual information to stakeholders on how to respond to incidents and how to return to normal activity as soon as possible. Knowledge management improves context sensitivity, increases stakeholder awareness, supports decision making, improves stakeholder response, and increases the quality of emergency management. The CiET framework is proposed that includes an own training model based on customized learning objectives for each role of the emergency management stakeholders, supported by a tool called CiET-Tool. This training tool manages, organizes, and provides knowledge, to transform it into training and coaching that strengthen the capabilities of those involved. The results of the training evaluation are managed in a dashboard with the main indicators of the results of the learning objectives, supporting decision making for continuous improvement. In addition, the CiET framework can be integrated with other emergency management evaluation tools, which increases its potential. Finally, all the capabilities to be improved in the stakeholders have been studied and classified, proposing a taxonomy, which is presented as a guide for any emergency management training framework. / Quiroz Palma, PA. (2023). Gestión de Emergencias: Evaluación y mejora continua de la capacitación de los involucrados [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/202603