Employee wellness programs are an essential tool in the Human Resources toolkit. Even though research has provided evidence of the effectiveness of an employee wellness program within an organisation, the sustainable implementation thereof has remained sporadic in developing countries like South Africa. This qualitative study has explored perceptions around employee wellness as held by management level staff in the hospitality, media and health industries. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis and analysed using thematic analysis (TA). The results of the study has shown that managers understand the potential role that employee wellness programs can play, but that there are too many barriers to overcome in implementing a sustainable program. Questions such as ‘How do I offer something for everyone?’ and ‘What if employees do not want to participate?’ remain unanswered. Recommendations made as consequence include the development of a typology of employee wellness programs in developing countries; support to organisations in implementing an employee wellness program; and, integrating employee wellness into the daily operations of an organisation. / Dissertation (MA (HMS) Sport and Recreation Management)--University of Pretoria, 2021. / Sports Medicine / MA (HMS) Sport and Recreation Management / Unrestricted

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014 / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorsingstudie spruit voort uit ʼn dringende behoefte om die faktore te verstaan wat daartoe bydra dat sekere werknemers meer geneig is om te wil groei en wat organisasies gevolglik kan doen om werknemers te motiveer en meer te wil ontwikkel. Etlike faktore gee aanleiding tot ʼntekort aan lynbestuurders en die feit dat die begeerte om te groei ʼn skaars karaktereienskap by werknemers is. Sekere konstrukte is beheerbaar, terwyl ander nie beheerbaar is nie. Deur die beheerbare faktore te identifiseer, stel organisasies en bestuurders in staat om aksieplanne te implementeer om die impak van die konstrukte en die afwesigheid van sielkundige eienaarskap in die werksplek te verminder. Aksieplanne soos bevordering van sielkundige eienaarskap mag daartoe lei om die hoeveelheid lynbestuurders te vergroot. Dit sal bydra om tekorte uit te wis en uitdagende omstandighede die hoof te bied. Bewese navorsing oor die implementering van ʼn gestruktureerde werknemerbemagtigingsprogram kan bydra om hierdie uitdaging van die afwesigheid van sielkundige eienaarskap te oorkom. Die lynbestuurder en sy/haar bevoegdheid is ʼn sleutelrolspeler in sodanige program en die bestuur van werknemers. Hierdie studie het ten doel om ʼn bestaande sielkundige bemagtigingsmodel vir lynbestuurders te herevalueer en addisionele veranderlikes voor te stel wat organisasie-uitkomste soos werkstevredenheid, werknemerdoeltreffendheid, organisasie-verbondenheid en voorneme om te bedank beïnvloed. As lynbestuurders en organisasies verstaan watter lynbestuurbevoegdhede organisasie-uitkomste beïnvloed, asook die manier waarop hierdie bevoegdhede op sodanige uitkomste inwerk, kan hulle toegerus word om prosesse en programme te formuleer wat tot die behoud van ʼn vaardigheid in die organisasie kan bydra. Die studie en die operasionalisering van die sielkundige bemagtigingsbevoegdhede was onsuksesvol. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat die voorgestelde model gereduseer moes word en talentbestuur se latente veranderlikes uit die model verwyder moes word. Modelpassing was swak met betrekking tot die gereduseerde model. Modelspesifieke wysigings wat aangebring is, was gebaseer op modifikasie-indeksvoorstelle wat uit die data afleibaar was. Met verwysing na die gewysigde model is goeie passing getoon en ondersteuning van alle fasette en bene gevind. Daar word aanbeveel dat navorsing oor kruisvalidasie met betrekking tot die gewysigde gereduseerde model gedoen word.

Titel: Employee advocacy på Facebook - En studie ur konsumenternas perspektiv Författare: Ylva Nelson och Ebba Sjöstrand Handledare: Anders Wrenne Institution: Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola Kurs: Kandidatarbete i Företagsekonomi, 15 högskolepoäng Syfte: Den här studien syftar till att öka kunskapen om employee advocacy genom att studera forskningsområdet ur konsumenternas perspektiv. Metod: En enkätundersökning med 203 respondenter. Slutsatser: Studien visar att konsumenternas vilja att besöka att varumärkes Facebook-sida blir mindre vid kännedomen att företaget använder sig av belönad employee advocacy. Resultatet gick inte att härleda till konsumenternas ålder. / Title: Employee advocacy on Facebook - A study from the consumer perspective Authors: Ylva Nelson and Ebba Sjöstrand Supervisor: Anders Wrenne Department: Department of industrial economics, Blekinge Institute of Technology Course: Bachelor’s thesis in Business Administration, 15 credits Method: A survey consisting of 203 respondents. <img src="file:///page2image11312" />Purpose: The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge of employee advocacy by studying the field of research from the consumer perspective. Results: The study shows that consumers' willingness to visit a brand's Facebook page will be smaller with the knowledge that the company uses rewarded employee advocacy. The result could not be derived from consumer age.

The primary purpose of this thesis was to explore the extent of the relationship between employee motivation and performance in a medium size organization, which produce parts for forestry machines. Empirical data was collected through the process of conducting qualitative interviews with production workers and an HR manager whom are currently employed by the studied organization. The qualitative approach was selected as a result of its ability to generate descriptive in-depth information of the studied phenomenon. Thus, the aim of the conducted interviews was to generate in-depth data regarding the interviewee’ perception and personal experience of work related motivation. The interviewees’ were asked to rank ten different factors according to their perceived importance and influence of the motivational level. The interpretation and analysis of the empirical data revealed that the interviewed production workers are primarily motivated by factors that are related to work conditions, such as the relationships with coworkers. In addition, the results indicate that the managers’ perception of employee motivation is highly inaccurate, which is congruent with previous surveys conducted by Kovach (1987). Furthermore, as the research process progressed it became evident that the production workers within the studied are predominantly motivated by extrinsic factors, which means that their motivational orientations are dominated by extrinsic factors. Thus, the findings indicate that the motivational strategy that is currently applied within the studied medium size organization is insufficient in terms of its ability to improve the production workers level of motivation and therefore the quality of the performance. Hence, the following research has generated descriptive data although further studies are required in order to fully comprehend the phenomenon of motivation.

A biodata based personnel selection measure was created to improve the retention rate of Catalog Telemarketing Representatives at a major U.S. retail company. Five separate empirical biodata scoring methods were compared to examine their usefulness in predicting retention and reducing adverse impact. The Mean Standardized Criterion Method, the Option Criterion Correlation Method, Horizontal Percentage Method, Vertical Percentage Method, and Weighted Application Blank Method using England's (1971) Assigned Weights were employed. The study showed that when using generalizable biodata items, all methods, except the Weighted Application Blank Method, were similar in their ability to discriminate between low and high retention employees and produced similar low adverse impact effects. The Weighted Application Blank Method did not discriminate between the low and high retention employees.

M. Tech. (Human Resource Management, Faculty of Management Sciences): Vaal University of Technology / E-recruitment is one of the e-commerce applications that has enjoyed a multiple growth since its introduction in the early 1990s. There have been many variations regarding sophistication, types and success; as a result, this has posed a number of challenges to all stakeholders in these technologies. Thus, specific stakeholders may find specific applications suitable for their needs or within their reach to utilise. Companies can use these applications by implementing their own e-recruitment systems or by buying e-recruitment services provided by the third party, or a combination of both, depending on their objectives. The current study is focused on e-recruitment service providers who use general-purpose job boards that are fairly advanced in sophistication, such as the PNet recruitment website. These e-recruitment service providers are mostly recognised as online firms that manage their operations through their websites. However, behind these websites the physical ordinary businesses utilise the Internet as a means to perform their operations. Like other businesses, these e-recruitment service providers constantly face rapid shifts in technology, which places a considerable amount of pressure on them, as they persistently have to seek ways to stay ahead of their competitors. The competitiveness of every business lies in their knowledge of the market in which it operates in, as well the extent to which it is able to meet the needs of its customers. This study extends market knowledge and satisfaction of customers’ needs in the context of e-recruitment. It views the job seekers as the major customers for sustainability and competitiveness for e-recruiting companies or firms. The study was conducted using a survey method, sampling with n = 717 job seekers who use the PNet website to search for jobs. The primary data was obtained from the sample by means of a 6-point Likert questionnaire ranging from 1=strongly disagree to 6=strongly agree, measuring factors that influence the perceptions of job seekers regarding their use of the website. The questionnaire was administered via the Internet using the Sogo-Survey online tool. The main objective of the study was to evaluate job seekers’ perceptions about the PNet website as an e-recruitment tool, as well as to discover which factors are the best predictors of the continued use of the PNet website. The job seekers’ perceptions about the PNet website, as an e-recruitment tool in South Africa, were founded on the nine theoretical factors used in the questionnaire. From these factors, statistically significant differences in the factor means were present within the two independent groups, namely qualifications and gender. Using the standardised Beta value (β) the findings revealed that the attitude towards the website (.285) was the most important predictor, followed by information timeliness (.231), then attraction to the website (.182), usefulness of the website (.180) ease of use of the website (.170) and quality of website (.167). Findings and recommendations of this study are of importance to recruitment service providers and employers as it provides crucial information regarding their markets and how to improve the profitability of their businesses.

by Lee Yim-hong Lawrence. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1981. / Bibliography: leaves 48-49.

近年来员工工作嵌入性在人员离职研究中受到广泛关注，虽然职内嵌入的效用在不同的文化环境和职业领域内得到了验证，职外嵌入性对人员自动离职的缓冲作用并没有得到一致的实证支持。基于认同理论和工作-家庭冲突的研究文献，本文提出假设，认为职外嵌入性对职内嵌入性与自动离职的关系起调节作用。与此同时，虽然员工离职的文献中涉及决策机制，决策机制的效用在实证中却甚少被验证。基于决策过程模型，作者假设员工的最大化或者满意化的倾向解释了职内嵌入减少人员离职的原因，同时假设冒险倾向调节职内嵌入与最大化倾向之间的关系，工作搜寻自我效能对职内嵌入与最大化倾向之间的关系产生抑制效应。本文采用实验和调查对假设进行了验证。 / 结果显示，职外嵌入性低的情形下，职内嵌入与人员离职意向负相关；职外嵌入性高时，职内嵌入与人员离职意向仍呈负相关，但关系较弱。职内嵌入与最大化倾向负相关，工作搜寻自我效能对最大化倾向产生影响，最大化倾向作为中介变量解释了职内嵌入对员工离职意向的影响。文章的结论部分对以上结果进行了解释，并探讨了本文在理论上与实践上的意义。 / Job embeddedness is a retention construct, which has received considerable amount of attention in turnover research. While the utility of on-the-job embeddedness has been extensively validated across different cultures and occupations, the buffering effect of off-the-job embeddedness has not been consistently supported. Drawing from identity theory and work-family conflict literature, the current study proposes an interaction effect of off-the-job embeddedness on the relationship between on-the-job embeddedness and turnover intention. Meanwhile, although the decision making mechanism has been identified in the turnover literature, it has not been adequately tested empirically. Based on the generalized decision process, I propose that employees’ maximizing/satisficing tendency explains why on-the-job embeddedness reduces turnover, and the process is moderated by risk propensity and suppressed by job search self-efficacy. / Hypotheses were generated on the relationships and tested, using data collected from an experiment using the student sample and a survey from employees working in IT companies. Results showed that the negative relationship between on-the-job embeddedness and turnover intention was weaker when off-the-job embeddedness was high, compared with the negative relationship in the condition that off-the-job embeddedness was low. Meanwhile, on-the-job embeddedness was negatively related to individual maximizing tendency, and the maximizing tendency mediated the relationship between on-the-job embeddedness and turnover intention. Job search self-efficacy also influenced individual maximizing tendency. The practical and theoretical implications, limitations and future research were discussed. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Gong, Yuanyuan. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-103). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese; appendix B in Chinese. / List of Figures --- p.iii / List of Tables --- p.iv / Abstract (English) --- p.v / ABSTRACT (CHINESE) --- p.vi / Acknowledgement --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Problem Statement --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions --- p.4 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LIterature review and Theoretical Framework --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Turnover Studies --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Antecedents --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Turnover Studies - Processes --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Summary of turnover studies --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- Definition of Job Embeddedness --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Fit --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Sacrifice --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3 --- Empirical Evidence of On-the-job Embeddedness --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- Off-the-job Embeddedness and Turnover --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5 --- On-the-job Embeddedness and Turnover Process --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Job choice models --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Maximizing and satisficing --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6 --- Job Choice Tendency in Turnover --- p.32 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- On-the-job embeddedness and maximizing tendency --- p.33 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Job search tendency and employee turnover --- p.35 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- The mediating role of maximizing tendency --- p.37 / Chapter 2.7 --- Moderating Role of Risk Propensity --- p.38 / Chapter 2.8 --- Job Search Self-efficacy - An Alternative Perspective --- p.40 / Chapter 2.9 --- Summary of Hypotheses --- p.42 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methods --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1 --- Study 1 The Experiment --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Participants --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Experimental design and procedures --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Results --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2 --- Study 2 The Survey --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Participants and procedure --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Measures --- p.48 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- RESULTS --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1 --- Correlations --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2 --- Factor Analysis --- p.54 / Chapter 4.3 --- Hypotheses Testing --- p.59 / Chapter 4.4 --- Post Hoc Analysis --- p.67 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion and conclusion --- p.73 / Chapter 5.1 --- Key Findings --- p.74 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Off-the job embeddedness as a moderator --- p.74 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- The mediating role of maximizing tendency --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- The moderating role of risk propensity --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2 --- Theoretical Implications --- p.80 / Chapter 5.3 --- Practical Implications --- p.83 / Chapter 5.4 --- Limitations --- p.84 / Chapter 5.5 --- Future Research --- p.86 / Chapter 5.6 --- Conclusion --- p.88 / REFERENCES --- p.89 / Chapter APPENDIX A --- Scenarios used in the experiment --- p.104 / Chapter APPENDIX B --- Questionnaire used in the survey (Chinese version) --- p.106