BACKGROUND. The cytologic differentiation between neoplastic and reactive/reparative processes in the endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirations (EUS-FNA) of the pancreas can be difficult. Malignant transformation of the pancreatic ductal epithelium changes the expression of apomucins. The goal of the current study was to determine an optimal immunohistochemical panel of mucin (MUC) antibodies that would allow the cytomorphologic distinction of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and its differentiation from reactive/reparative processes and inadvertently sampled gastric and duodenal mucosa. METHODS. Pancreatic EUS-FNA specimens performed on 351 patients were reviewed. Expression profiles of MUC1, 2, 5AC, and 6 were examined on 56 cell block sections and 26 follow-up pancreatectomy specimens. RESULTS. MUC1 and 6 expression was found in nonneoplastic pancreatic samples, whereas there was an absence of expression of MUC2 and 5AC. MUC2 was detected in mucosal goblets cells of the duodenum, MUC6 in Brunner glands, and MUC5AC in gastric foveolar cells. MUC5AC expression in differentiating ductal adenocarcinomas from benign conditions demonstrated better operating characteristics than either MUC1 or MUC6. The apomucin expression pattern both in cytology and follow-up surgical pathology specimens was similar. In surgical pathology specimens, the panel of 3 antibodies, MUC1+/MUC2-/MUC5AC+, was noted in 15 of 17 ductal carcinomas (88.2%). In nonneoplastic pancreatic tissue, the expression panel MUC1+/MUC2-/MUC5AC- was observed in 14 of 17 (82.4%) cases. In cytology specimens, the combination of MUC1+/MUC2-/MUC5AC+ was noted in 21 of 30 ductal carcinoma cases (70.0%), 3 of 6 atypical cases (50%), and 1 of 1 suspicious for malignancy cases (100%). The combination MUC1+/MUC2-/MUC5AC+ was not observed in any of the negative for malignancy or reactive cases (0 of 6). CONCLUSIONS. The most optimal panel for the diagnosis of ductal adenocarcinoma in both the EUS-FNA specimens is a panel including MUC1/MUC2/MUC5AC, whereas a panel of all 4 antibodies (MUC1, 2, 5AC, and 6) will in addition aid in differentiating inadvertently sampled normal/reactive duodenal and gastric epithelium from neoplastic pancreatic tissue.

Background/Aims: Peripancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) result from acute or chronic pancreatic inflammation that suffers a rupture of its ducts. Currently, there exists three options for drainage or debridement of pancreatic pseudocysts and walled-off necrosis (WON). The traditional procedure is drainage by placing double pigtail plastic stents (DPPS); lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) has a biflanged design with a wide lumen that avoids occlusion with necrotic tissue, which is more common with DPPS and reduces the possibility of migration. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses head-to-head, including only studies that compare the two main techniques to drainage of PFCs: LAMS vs DPPS. Methods: We conducted a systematic review in different databases, such as PubMed, OVID, Medline, and Cochrane Databases. This meta-analysis considers studies published from 2014 to 2020, including only studies that compare the two main techniques to drainage of PFCs: LAMS vs DPPS. Results: Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analyses. Only one of all studies was a randomized controlled trial. These studies comprise 1584 patients; 68.2% were male, and 31.8% were female. Six hundred sixty-three patients (41.9%) were treated with LAMS, and 921 (58.1%) were treated with DPPS. Six studies included only WON in their analysis, two included only pancreatic pseudocysts, and five studies included both pancreatic pseudocysts and WON. The technical success was similar in patients treated with LAMS and DPPS (97.6% vs 97.5%, respectively, P =.986, RR = 1.00 [95% CI 0.93-1.08]). The clinical success was similar in both groups (LAMS: 90.1% vs DPPS: 84.2%, P =.139, RR = 1.063 [95% CI 0.98-1.15]). Patients treated with LAMS had a lower complication rate than the DPPS groups, with a significant statistical difference (LAMS: 16.0% vs DPPS: 20.2%, P =.009, RR = 0.746 [95% CI 0.60-0.93]). Bleeding was the most common complication in the LAMS group (33 patients, [5.0%]), whereas infection was the most common complication in the DPPS group (56 patients, [6.1%]). The LAMS migration rate was lower than in the DPPS (0.9% vs 2.2%, respectively, P =.05). The mortality rate was similar in both groups, 0.6% in the LAMS group (four patients) and 0.4% in the DPPS group (four patients; P =.640). Conclusion: The PFCs drainage is an indication when persistent symptoms or PFCs-related complications exist. EUS guided drainage with LAMS has similar technical and clinical success to DPPS drainage for the management of PFCs. The technical and clinical success rates are high in both groups. However, LAMS drainage has a lower adverse events rate than DPPS drainage. More randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the real advantage of LAMS drainage over DPPS drainage. / Revisión por pares

Oesophageal cancer is an aggressive malignancy with an overall five-year survival of 5-10% and two-thirds of patients have irresectable disease at diagnosis. Accurate staging of oesophageal cancer is important as survival closely correlates with the stage of the tumour, nodal involvement and presence of metastases (TNM staging). Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is currently the most reliable modality for providing accurate T and N staging. Depending on findings of the staging, various treatment options including endoscopic, oncological, and surgical treatments may be performed. It was theorised that the development of three-dimensional radial endoscopic ultrasonography would reduce the operator dependence of EUS and provide accurate dimensional and volume measurements to aid planning and monitoring of treatment. This thesis investigates the development of a three dimensional endoscopic ultrasound technique that can be used with the radial echoendoscopes. Various agar-based tissue mimicking material (TMM) recipes were characterised using a scanning acoustic macroscope to obtain the acoustic properties of attenuation, backscatter and speed of sound. Using these results, a number of endoscopic ultrasound phantoms were developed for the in-vitro investigation and evaluation of 3D-EUS techniques. To increase my understanding of EUS equipment, the imaging and acoustic properties of the EUS endoscopes were characterised using a pipe phantom and a hydrophone. The dual ‘single element’ mechanical and ‘multi-element’ electronic echoendoscopes were investigated. Measured imaging properties included dead space, low contrast penetration, and pipe length. The measured acoustic properties included transmitted beam plots, active working frequency and peak pressures. Three-dimensional ultrasound techniques were developed for specific application to EUS. This included the study of positional monitoring systems, reconstruction algorithms and measurement techniques. A 3D-EUS system was developed using a Microscribe positional arm and frame grabber card, to acquire the 3D dataset. A Matlab 3D-EUS toolbox was written to reconstruct and analyse the volumes. The 3D-EUS systems were evaluated on the EUS phantom and in clinical cases. The usefulness of the 3D-EUS systems was evaluated in a cohort of patients, who were routinely investigated by conventional EUS for a variety of upper gastrointestinal pathology. 3D-EUS accurately staged early tumours and provided the necessary anatomical information to facilitate treatment. With regards to more advanced tumours, 3D-EUS was more accurate than EUS in T and N staging. 3D-EUS gave useful anatomical details in a variety of benign conditions such as varicies and GISTs.

Das präoperative Staging ist von eminenter Bedeutung für die Planung einer differenzierten chirurgischen Therapiestragie für gastrointestinale Tumoren. Die endoskopische Sonographie hat sich inzwischen als das Verfahren mit der höchsten Genauigkeit in der lokoregionären Ausbreitungdiagnostik von Tumoren des Ösophagus, Magens, Pankreas und Kolorektums etabliert. Es bestehen jedoch verschiedene Limitationen, die den klinischen Stellenwert der bisher verfügbaren endosonographischen Techniken einschränken. Eine wesentliche Limitation der Endosonographie ist die ungenügende Sensitivität für Fernmetastasen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Ergebnisse des präoperativen Staging gastroinestinaler Tumoren durch innovative endosonographische Verfahren und die kombinierte laparoskopische Diagnostik mittels Staging-Laparoskopie und laparoskopischer Sonographie zu optimieren. Im Hinblick auf eine Verbesserung der lokoregionären Ausbreitungsdiagnostik wurden verschiedene neue diagnostische und interventionelle endosonographische Techniken entwickelt und klinisch evaluiert. Für die differenzierte Abklärung von Kurabilität und Resektabilität gastrointestinaler Tumoren im Rahmen der Staging-Laparoskopie wurde ein systematischer Untersuchungs-algorhythmus für die kombinierte laparoskopische Diagnostik etabliert. Die Ergebnisse der Staging-Laparoskopie im Vergleich zum konventionellen Staging wurden bei mehr als 600 Patienten prospektiv dokumentiert und der Stellenwert für die chirurgische Therapieplanung analysiert. Die Resultate unserer Untersuchungen demonstrieren, daß das lokoregionäre Staging gastrointestinaler Tumoren durch neue endosonographische Techniken wie die Minisonden-Endsonographie, 3D-Endosonographie und endosonographische Punktionsverfahren weiter verbessert werden kann. Als sensitive Methode für die Diagnostik intraabdomineller Fernmetasen stellt die Laparoskopie eine ideale Ergänzung des lokoregionären endosonographischen Staging dar. Der kombinierte Einsatz dieser minimal invasiven Techniken ermöglicht eine verbesserte präoperative Beurteilung der Resektabilität und Kurabilität gastrointestinaler Tumoren. Hierdurch kann die Planung einer differenzierten chirurgischen Tumortherapie optimiert werden. / Accurate preoperative staging of gastrointestainal tumors is essential for planning of surgical therapy. Endoscopic ultrasound has improved evaluation of locoregional tumor spread significantly. However, there are some technical problems that limit the clinical value of endoscopic ultrasound with currently available techniques. The most important limitations is the insatisfactory sensitivity for metastatic disease. We have developed new technologies for endoscopic ultrasound that can overcome most of the problems encountered with conventional endoscopic ultrasound. Furthermore a staging algorithm including the use of laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound was evaluated to enhance the sensitivity for distant metastases. The results of our studies show that innovative endoscopic techniques, i.e. miniprobe ultrasonography, 3D endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound guided can improve the accuray of endoscopic ultrasound in the staging of gastrointestinal cancers. Laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography are ideal adjunct to endoscopic ultrasound, because both increase the sensitivity for distant metastases significantly. Combined staging with innovative endoscopic techniques and staging laparoscopy facilitates planning of surgery and multimodal therapy.

Introdução: a maioria dos pacientes com neoplasia maligna da via biliar são diagnosticados em fase avançada. A drenagem biliar ecoguiada é uma alternativa às técnicas de drenagem percutânea trans-hepática e cirúrgicas na ocasião de falha do acesso convencional por colangiografia retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE). Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia e segurança da drenagem biliar ecoguiada em pacientes com obstrução biliar maligna e falha da CPRE. Analisar as complicações e qualidade de vida. Métodos: no período de abril de 2010 a setembro de 2011, 32 pacientes portadores de neoplasia maligna avançada da via biliar foram tratados no Serviço de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Todos os pacientes apresentavam quadro clínico de icterícia obstrutiva e falha na drenagem da via biliar pela CPRE. O tratamento preconizado foi a drenagem da via biliar pela técnica ecoguiada, sob controle radiológico. Dos 32 pacientes, três foram excluídos devido à falha do procedimento ecoguiado. Vinte e nove (90,62%) pacientes foram submetidos a drenagem biliar ecoguiada, avaliações clínica, laboratorial e de qualidade de vida. Na avaliação clínica foram observados a evolução dos sinais e sintomas, e complicações relacionadas ao procedimento. Na avaliação laboratorial, foram analisados os níveis de bilirrubina total, gama-glutamil-transferase, fosfatase alcalina e número de leucócitos. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo questionário SF-36. Resultados: dos 32 pacientes,3 (9,4%) foram excluídos devido a falha técnica. O sucesso técnico foi de 90.6% (29/32) e o clínico de 100% (29/29). Em relação aos dados gerais endossonográficos, verificou-se metástase à distância em 6 (18,75%) e invasão do eixo mesentero-portal em 26 (81,25%) pacientes. O diâmetro da via biliar extra-hepática apresentou mediana de 23,45 mm (20 - 30 mm) e da intra-hepática foi de 17,54 mm (10 - 24 mm). A invasão duodenal ocorreu em 10 (31,25%) pacientes e prótese metálica foi posicionada em 7 (21,85%) casos. A coledocoduodenostomia ecoguiada foi o procedimento mais frequente (58,62%). Complicações ocorreram em 6 (18,75%) casos. Verificou-se uma queda significativa dos níveis de bilirubina (p <0,001) e os pacientes obtiveram melhora significativa da qualidade de vida após o procedimento (p<0,05). A sobrevida média foi de 90 dias. Conclusão: a drenagem biliar ecoguiada foi um procedimento eficaz e seguro, com taxa de complicações aceitável, proporcionando melhora significativa na qualidade de vida dos pacientes / Introduction: most of patients with malignant neoplasia of the biliary tract are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Echoguided biliary drainage is an alternative to percutaneous transhepatic and surgical drainage techniques at the time of failure of conventional access by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP). Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of echoguided biliary drainage in patients with malignant biliary obstruction and failure of ERCP. To evaluate the complications and quality of life. Methods: from April 2010 to September 2011, 32 patients with advanced malignant biliary tract disease were treated at the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Service, Clinics Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo. All patients had a clinical picture of obstructive jaundice and failure in the drainage of the biliary tract by ERCP. Treatment was based on echoguided biliary drainage technique under radiological control. Of the 32 patients, three were excluded due to failure of the echoguided procedure. Twenty-nine (90.62%) patients underwent echoguided biliary drainage, clinical, laboratory and quality of life evaluation. In the clinical evaluation were assessed the evolution of signs and symptoms, and procedure-related complications. In laboratory tests, we assessed the levels of total bilirubin, gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase and number of leukocytes. The quality of life was assessed by SF-36 questionary. Results: of 32 patients, three (9.4%) were excluded due to technical failure. Technical success was 90.6% (29/32) and clinical 100% (29/29). In relation to the general endosonographic data, there was distant metastasis in 6 (18.75%) and invasion of the mesenteric-portal axis in 26 (81.25%) patients. The diameter of extrahepatic biliary tree was 23.45 mm (20 - 30mm) and intrahepatic was 17.54mm(10 - 24mm). The duodenal invasion occurred in 10 (31.25%) and metallic prosthesis was positioned in 7 (21.85) cases. Echoguided choledochoduodenostomy was the most common procedure (58.62%). Complications occurred in 6 (18.75%) cases. There was a significant decrease in bilirubin levels (p <0.001) and patients had significant improvement in quality of life after the procedure (p < 0.05). The median survival was 90 days. Conclusion: echoguided biliary drainage was effective and safe procedure with acceptable complication rates, providing significant improvement in quality of life of patients

Introdução: a maioria dos pacientes com neoplasia maligna da via biliar são diagnosticados em fase avançada. A drenagem biliar ecoguiada é uma alternativa às técnicas de drenagem percutânea trans-hepática e cirúrgicas na ocasião de falha do acesso convencional por colangiografia retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE). Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia e segurança da drenagem biliar ecoguiada em pacientes com obstrução biliar maligna e falha da CPRE. Analisar as complicações e qualidade de vida. Métodos: no período de abril de 2010 a setembro de 2011, 32 pacientes portadores de neoplasia maligna avançada da via biliar foram tratados no Serviço de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Todos os pacientes apresentavam quadro clínico de icterícia obstrutiva e falha na drenagem da via biliar pela CPRE. O tratamento preconizado foi a drenagem da via biliar pela técnica ecoguiada, sob controle radiológico. Dos 32 pacientes, três foram excluídos devido à falha do procedimento ecoguiado. Vinte e nove (90,62%) pacientes foram submetidos a drenagem biliar ecoguiada, avaliações clínica, laboratorial e de qualidade de vida. Na avaliação clínica foram observados a evolução dos sinais e sintomas, e complicações relacionadas ao procedimento. Na avaliação laboratorial, foram analisados os níveis de bilirrubina total, gama-glutamil-transferase, fosfatase alcalina e número de leucócitos. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo questionário SF-36. Resultados: dos 32 pacientes,3 (9,4%) foram excluídos devido a falha técnica. O sucesso técnico foi de 90.6% (29/32) e o clínico de 100% (29/29). Em relação aos dados gerais endossonográficos, verificou-se metástase à distância em 6 (18,75%) e invasão do eixo mesentero-portal em 26 (81,25%) pacientes. O diâmetro da via biliar extra-hepática apresentou mediana de 23,45 mm (20 - 30 mm) e da intra-hepática foi de 17,54 mm (10 - 24 mm). A invasão duodenal ocorreu em 10 (31,25%) pacientes e prótese metálica foi posicionada em 7 (21,85%) casos. A coledocoduodenostomia ecoguiada foi o procedimento mais frequente (58,62%). Complicações ocorreram em 6 (18,75%) casos. Verificou-se uma queda significativa dos níveis de bilirubina (p <0,001) e os pacientes obtiveram melhora significativa da qualidade de vida após o procedimento (p<0,05). A sobrevida média foi de 90 dias. Conclusão: a drenagem biliar ecoguiada foi um procedimento eficaz e seguro, com taxa de complicações aceitável, proporcionando melhora significativa na qualidade de vida dos pacientes / Introduction: most of patients with malignant neoplasia of the biliary tract are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Echoguided biliary drainage is an alternative to percutaneous transhepatic and surgical drainage techniques at the time of failure of conventional access by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP). Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of echoguided biliary drainage in patients with malignant biliary obstruction and failure of ERCP. To evaluate the complications and quality of life. Methods: from April 2010 to September 2011, 32 patients with advanced malignant biliary tract disease were treated at the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Service, Clinics Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo. All patients had a clinical picture of obstructive jaundice and failure in the drainage of the biliary tract by ERCP. Treatment was based on echoguided biliary drainage technique under radiological control. Of the 32 patients, three were excluded due to failure of the echoguided procedure. Twenty-nine (90.62%) patients underwent echoguided biliary drainage, clinical, laboratory and quality of life evaluation. In the clinical evaluation were assessed the evolution of signs and symptoms, and procedure-related complications. In laboratory tests, we assessed the levels of total bilirubin, gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase and number of leukocytes. The quality of life was assessed by SF-36 questionary. Results: of 32 patients, three (9.4%) were excluded due to technical failure. Technical success was 90.6% (29/32) and clinical 100% (29/29). In relation to the general endosonographic data, there was distant metastasis in 6 (18.75%) and invasion of the mesenteric-portal axis in 26 (81.25%) patients. The diameter of extrahepatic biliary tree was 23.45 mm (20 - 30mm) and intrahepatic was 17.54mm(10 - 24mm). The duodenal invasion occurred in 10 (31.25%) and metallic prosthesis was positioned in 7 (21.85) cases. Echoguided choledochoduodenostomy was the most common procedure (58.62%). Complications occurred in 6 (18.75%) cases. There was a significant decrease in bilirubin levels (p <0.001) and patients had significant improvement in quality of life after the procedure (p < 0.05). The median survival was 90 days. Conclusion: echoguided biliary drainage was effective and safe procedure with acceptable complication rates, providing significant improvement in quality of life of patients

Introdução: A maioria dos pacientes acometidos pela neoplasia que envolve a confluência biliopancreática é diagnosticada em fase avançada. A Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica (CPRE) é o método de escolha para a drenagem da via biliar obstruída. Todavia, existe um índice de insucesso em torno de 10%. Nesses casos, técnicas alternativas serão aplicadas, como drenagem percutânea trans-hepática e drenagens cirúrgicas. Objetivo: Avaliar o sucesso técnico, clínico, qualidade de vida e sobrevida da drenagem biliar pela cirurgia convencional e técnica endoscópica ecoguiada em pacientes portadores de neoplasia maligna da confluência biliopancreática. Método: No período de abril de 2010 a setembro de 2013, foram estudados 32 pacientes portadores de neoplasia maligna da confluência biliopancreática. Todos os que foram incluídos nesse estudo apresentaram falha na drenagem biliar por CPRE. Três deles foram excluídos por insucesso técnico (falha na confecção da anastomose hepaticojejunal e da formação da fístula coledocoduodenal ecoguiada). O Grupo I foi formado por 15 pacientes submetidos à Hepaticojejunostomia (HJT) em \"Y\" de Roux e derivação gastrojejunal. O Grupo II foi formado por 14 pacientes submetidos à coledocoduodenostomia ecoguiada (CDT). O sucesso clínico foi avaliado pela queda da bilirrubina sérica total em mais de 50% nos sete primeiros dias após o procedimento. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo questionário SF-36 e a sobrevida pela curva de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: O sucesso técnico foi de 93,75% (15/16) no Grupo I e de 87,5% (14/16) no Grupo II (p = 0,598). O sucesso clínico ocorreu em 14 (93,33%) pacientes pertencentes ao Grupo I e em 10 (71,43%) do Grupo II. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,169). O comportamento médio dos escores de qualidade de vida foi estatisticamente igual entre as técnicas ao longo do seguimento (p > 0,05 Técnica * Momento). Houve alteração média estatisticamente significativa ao longo do seguimento nos escores de capacidade funcional, saúde física, dor, aspectos sociais, aspectos emocionais e saúde mental em ambas as técnicas (p < 0,05). O escore de saúde mental foi, em média, estatisticamente maior nos do Grupo II (CDT) em todos os momentos (p = 0,035). O tempo médio de sobrevida daqueles pertencentes ao Grupo I foi de 82,27 dias e os do Grupo II, de 82,36 dias. Sessenta por cento dos pertencentes ao Grupo I faleceram até 90 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. Por outro lado, 42,9% dos submetidos à CDT faleceram no mesmo período. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no tempo de sobrevida entre os Grupos (p = 0,389). Conclusão: Os dados relacionados aos sucessos técnico, clínico, qualidade de vida e sobrevida foram semelhantes em ambos os grupos, não se verificando diferença estatisticamente significativa / Introduction: Most patients with neoplasm in the biliopancreatic junction are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the method of choice for drainage of obstructed biliary tract. However, there is a failure rate of about 10%. In such cases, alternative techniques, such as, percutaneous transhepatic drainage and surgical drainage are applied. Aim: To evaluate the technical and clinical success, quality of life and patient survival of biliary drainage by conventional surgery and endosonography-guided technique in patients with malignant neoplasm of the biliopancreatic junction. Methodology: From April 2010 to September 2013, 32 patients with malignant neoplasm of the biliopancreatic junction were studied. All patients included in this study had failed biliary drainage by ERCP. Three patients were excluded due to technical failure (failure in the construction of hepatico-jejuno anastomosis and formation of endosonography-guided choledochoduodenal fistula). Group I comprised of 15 patients who underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJT) and gastrojejunal bypass. Group II consisted of 14 patients who underwent endosonography-guided choledochoduodenostomy (CDT). Clinical success was assessed by the decrease of more than 50% in total serum bilirubin in the first seven days after the procedure. Quality of life was assessed by SF-36 questionnaire and survival by Kaplan-Meier curve. Results: Technical success rate was 93.75% (15/16) in group I and 87.5% (14/16) in group II (p = 0.598). Clinical success occurred in 14 (93.33%) patients in group I and 10 (71.43%) patients in group II. There was no significant statistically difference (p = 0.169). The average quality of life score were statistically equal between the techniques during follow-up (p > 0.05 * Technical Moment). There were statistically significant mean changes during follow-up of functional capacity score, physical health, pain, social functioning, emotional and mental health aspects in both techniques (p < 0.05). The mental health score was, on average, statistically higher in group II (CDT) at all times (p = 0.035). The median survival time of patients in group I was 82.27 days and Group II patients was 82.36 days. Sixty percent of patients in group I died within 90 days after the surgical procedure. On the other hand, 42.9% of the patients who underwent CDT died in the same period. There was no statistically significant difference in survival time between the groups (p = 0.389). Conclusion: Data relating to technical and clinical success, quality of life and survival were similar in both groups and there were no statistically significant differences

Introdução: A maioria dos pacientes acometidos pela neoplasia que envolve a confluência biliopancreática é diagnosticada em fase avançada. A Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica (CPRE) é o método de escolha para a drenagem da via biliar obstruída. Todavia, existe um índice de insucesso em torno de 10%. Nesses casos, técnicas alternativas serão aplicadas, como drenagem percutânea trans-hepática e drenagens cirúrgicas. Objetivo: Avaliar o sucesso técnico, clínico, qualidade de vida e sobrevida da drenagem biliar pela cirurgia convencional e técnica endoscópica ecoguiada em pacientes portadores de neoplasia maligna da confluência biliopancreática. Método: No período de abril de 2010 a setembro de 2013, foram estudados 32 pacientes portadores de neoplasia maligna da confluência biliopancreática. Todos os que foram incluídos nesse estudo apresentaram falha na drenagem biliar por CPRE. Três deles foram excluídos por insucesso técnico (falha na confecção da anastomose hepaticojejunal e da formação da fístula coledocoduodenal ecoguiada). O Grupo I foi formado por 15 pacientes submetidos à Hepaticojejunostomia (HJT) em \"Y\" de Roux e derivação gastrojejunal. O Grupo II foi formado por 14 pacientes submetidos à coledocoduodenostomia ecoguiada (CDT). O sucesso clínico foi avaliado pela queda da bilirrubina sérica total em mais de 50% nos sete primeiros dias após o procedimento. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo questionário SF-36 e a sobrevida pela curva de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: O sucesso técnico foi de 93,75% (15/16) no Grupo I e de 87,5% (14/16) no Grupo II (p = 0,598). O sucesso clínico ocorreu em 14 (93,33%) pacientes pertencentes ao Grupo I e em 10 (71,43%) do Grupo II. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,169). O comportamento médio dos escores de qualidade de vida foi estatisticamente igual entre as técnicas ao longo do seguimento (p > 0,05 Técnica * Momento). Houve alteração média estatisticamente significativa ao longo do seguimento nos escores de capacidade funcional, saúde física, dor, aspectos sociais, aspectos emocionais e saúde mental em ambas as técnicas (p < 0,05). O escore de saúde mental foi, em média, estatisticamente maior nos do Grupo II (CDT) em todos os momentos (p = 0,035). O tempo médio de sobrevida daqueles pertencentes ao Grupo I foi de 82,27 dias e os do Grupo II, de 82,36 dias. Sessenta por cento dos pertencentes ao Grupo I faleceram até 90 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. Por outro lado, 42,9% dos submetidos à CDT faleceram no mesmo período. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no tempo de sobrevida entre os Grupos (p = 0,389). Conclusão: Os dados relacionados aos sucessos técnico, clínico, qualidade de vida e sobrevida foram semelhantes em ambos os grupos, não se verificando diferença estatisticamente significativa / Introduction: Most patients with neoplasm in the biliopancreatic junction are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the method of choice for drainage of obstructed biliary tract. However, there is a failure rate of about 10%. In such cases, alternative techniques, such as, percutaneous transhepatic drainage and surgical drainage are applied. Aim: To evaluate the technical and clinical success, quality of life and patient survival of biliary drainage by conventional surgery and endosonography-guided technique in patients with malignant neoplasm of the biliopancreatic junction. Methodology: From April 2010 to September 2013, 32 patients with malignant neoplasm of the biliopancreatic junction were studied. All patients included in this study had failed biliary drainage by ERCP. Three patients were excluded due to technical failure (failure in the construction of hepatico-jejuno anastomosis and formation of endosonography-guided choledochoduodenal fistula). Group I comprised of 15 patients who underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJT) and gastrojejunal bypass. Group II consisted of 14 patients who underwent endosonography-guided choledochoduodenostomy (CDT). Clinical success was assessed by the decrease of more than 50% in total serum bilirubin in the first seven days after the procedure. Quality of life was assessed by SF-36 questionnaire and survival by Kaplan-Meier curve. Results: Technical success rate was 93.75% (15/16) in group I and 87.5% (14/16) in group II (p = 0.598). Clinical success occurred in 14 (93.33%) patients in group I and 10 (71.43%) patients in group II. There was no significant statistically difference (p = 0.169). The average quality of life score were statistically equal between the techniques during follow-up (p > 0.05 * Technical Moment). There were statistically significant mean changes during follow-up of functional capacity score, physical health, pain, social functioning, emotional and mental health aspects in both techniques (p < 0.05). The mental health score was, on average, statistically higher in group II (CDT) at all times (p = 0.035). The median survival time of patients in group I was 82.27 days and Group II patients was 82.36 days. Sixty percent of patients in group I died within 90 days after the surgical procedure. On the other hand, 42.9% of the patients who underwent CDT died in the same period. There was no statistically significant difference in survival time between the groups (p = 0.389). Conclusion: Data relating to technical and clinical success, quality of life and survival were similar in both groups and there were no statistically significant differences