nÃo hà / Buscando romper com anÃlises que enxergam uma escravidÃo branda no Piauà e, consequentemente, com a visÃo de uma elite benevolente que, supostamente, nÃo utilizavam da mÃo de obra escrava devido à quase inexistÃncia da mesma na regiÃo por ser esta baseada economicamente na produÃÃo pecuarista. Nesse sentido, esta tese evidencia as lutas empreendidas pelos escravos, assim como pelos libertos, libertandos e pessoas livres de cor para alcanÃar e manter a liberdade, ainda durante a permanÃncia do regime escravista na provÃncia piauiense, evidenciando a fragilidade de efetivaÃÃo da mesma. Dessa forma, institui-se enquanto outro objetivo do trabalho discutir acerca da questÃo da liberdade e os diversos caminhos percorridos pelos escravos para 8lcanÃa-la e pelos libertos para mantÃ-la no Piauà escravista do sÃculo XIX, destacando as experiÃncias de construÃÃo dessa liberdade e a linha tÃnue existente entre esta e a escravidÃo e evidenciando os desafios encontrados por estes sujeitos. Para tanto, foram utilizadas diversificadas fontes histÃricas para reconstituir as trajetÃrias de senhores, escravos, libertandos e libertos que vivenciaram o cotidiano da escravidÃo na provÃncia na segunda metade do sÃculo XIX. Destacamos que as experiÃncias destes agentes sociais estiveram relacionadas Ãs questÃes econÃmicas, sociais e culturais, assim como pelas transformaÃÃes ocorridas no Piauà naquele perÃodo, tais como: a falta de uma estrutura econÃmica, o intenso fluxo de escravos deslocados atravÃs do trÃfico interprovincial com o fechamento do trÃfico de escravos da Ãfrica para o Brasil, especialmente na Ãpoca das secas de 1877-1879 e, por fim, a promulgaÃÃo da lei do Ventre Livre de 1871, que procurou legalizar o alcance da liberdade pelos cativos atravÃs de diversos dispositivos legais, redefinindo e moldando as tensas relaÃÃes sociais tecidas entre senhores e escravos. / In order to break with analyzes that see a soft slavery in Piauà and also break with the vision of a benevolent elite, supposedly, due to the almost inexistence of slave labor in the region that was economically based on cattle ranching. Thus, this thesis demonstrates the struggles undertaken by the slaves, as well as the freedmen and free people of color to achieve and maintain freedom, even during the permanence of the slave regime in the province of PiauÃ, evidencing the fragility of its effectiveness. The objectives of this work are: to discuss the question of freedom and the various ways the slaves had to reach it, and the freedmen to keep it in the slave-owning Piauà of the nineteenth century; to emphasize the experiences of building this freedom, the thin line between this freedom and the slavery and to highlight the challenges encountered by these subjects. To this end, diverse historical sources were used to reconstruct the trajectories of slave-owners, slaves and freedmen who experienced the provinceâs day-to-day life of slavery in the second half of the nineteenth century. We emphasize that the experiences of these social agents were related to economic, social and cultural issues, as well as to the transformations that occurred in Piauà in that period such as: the lack of an economic structure; the intense flow of slaves displaced through interprovincial trafficking due to the closing of the slave trade from Africa to Brazil, especially in the dry season of 1877-1879; and finally the promulgation of the Free Womb Law of 1871, which sought to legalize the attainment of liberty by captives through various legal devices, redefining and shaping the tense social relations woven between slave-owners and slaves.

Orientador: Sergio Eduardo Montes Castanho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T15:39:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pina_MariaCristinaDantas_D.pdf: 2015694 bytes, checksum: a41422a18b820785f80ec2d60a4bca3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta tese analisa como a escravidão negra foi retratada nos livros didáticos de História do Brasil de João Ribeiro (1900), Rocha Pombo (1919) e Antônio Alexandre Borges dos Reis (1915), manuais utilizados no Ginásio da Bahia entre os decênios finais do século XIX e as décadas iniciais do século XX. A intenção foi perceber o lugar ocupado pelo negro na história do Brasil, construída por esses autores, e identificar as concepções de nação, trabalho e classe social presentes na sua narrativa histórica. Além disso, analisa-se o conteúdo dos livros didáticos, levando em consideração seu contexto e suas relações com os espaços institucionais em que foram utilizados. A investigação procurou estabelecer a relação entre o particular - o conteúdo sobre escravidão no livro didático - e o contexto mais amplo, isto é, considerou-se a totalidade histórica em que o objeto estava inserido. Dessa forma, adotou-se a premissa de que o livro didático de História do Brasil funcionou, naquele período, como instrumento para organizar, consolidar e justificar uma formação social específica, chamada nação brasileira, que foi gestada, articulada e organizada no momento em que o capitalismo mundial se converte no chamado Imperialismo. Os livros de História do Brasil, aqui tomados como objeto e fonte, foram analisados segundo três categorias: 1. história, apoiada nos pilares de tempo (periodização), acontecimento (fatos históricos) e teoria (explicação histórica); nação, percebida por intermédio do discurso de fundação (mito de origem), trajetória (feitos históricos, personagens históricas) e cultura (comunidade de crenças e valores); trabalho e classe social, demarcados pela visibilidade dos sujeitos históricos, suas relações e posição na estrutura social brasileira. Constatou-se que as narrativas construídas por estes autores sustentam-se na defesa de um caminhar evolutivo do Brasil em direção ao modelo de civilização européia, na qual a escravidão é condenada moralmente, mas justificada como necessidade econômica. O projeto defendido pelos autores é um projeto de classe, no caso, classes dominantes, o qual estabelece uma identidade nacional una, branca, cristã e liberal, e, acima de tudo, politicamente conservadora. Os livros didáticos foram utilizados nas instituições de ensino como maneira de instituir valores e formar adeptos ao projeto de nação liberal, gestado no final do Império, instituído com a Proclamação da República e responsável, em parte, pela manutenção de uma visão hierárquica entre os grupos raciais. / Abstract: The present thesis examines how the black slavery was portrayed in Brazilian History textbooks by João Ribeiro (1900), Rocha Pombo (1919) and Antônio Alexandre Borges dos Reis (1915), which were manuals of instruction used at Ginásio da Bahia between the final decades of the nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth century. An understanding of the role played by Black slaves in the account of the History of Brazil written by these authors is searched, as well as, an identification of the concepts of nation, work and social class presented in the historical narrative of such leaning books. Besides, the content of the textbooks is analyzed taking into consideration its context and relations to the institutional domain in which they were used. The research sought to establish the relationship between the specific, i.e. the content on slavery in the textbooks, and the broader context, that is, the entire history in which the object was inserted. Thus, it was adopted as a premise that those textbooks were employed, during that period, as a tool to organize, consolidate and justify a particular social configuration called Brazilian nation, which was generated, established and organized when the global Capitalism was turning into the so-called Imperialism. The Brazilian History textbooks taken here as object and also source of study were analyzed from three categories: (1) history, collated from the concepts of time, periodicity and historical facts; (2) nation, seen through the foundation discourse and trajectory of Brazilian nationality; (3) work and social class, delimited by the visibility of historical subjects and their connections, and also by the role played by them in Brazilian society. It was founded that the narratives built by the authors argue in defense of an evolutionary path for Brazil toward the European model of civilization, in which slavery is morally condemned but economically justified as a need. The authors advocated a project of social classes, with regards to the dominant class, since it establishes a white, Christian, liberal and, above all, politically conservative national identity. In such context, the textbooks were employed in educational institutions as a way to set up values and obtain supporters for this project of liberal nation conceived at the end of the Empire and established from the Proclamation of Republic, contributing, in this way, to the maintenance of a hierarchical view among racial groups. / Doutorado / Filosofia e História da Educação / Doutor em Educação

An examination of scholarly perspectives on the ethicality of Joseph's enslavement of the Egyptians in Gen 47:13-26 reveals a debate over whether Joseph's actions were benevolent or oppressive. The majority of scholars who evaluate Joseph negatively simply ignore the relevant historical data, and Brueggemann's case for its dismissal is unconvincing. However, one area of contention that has gone relatively unexamined is the relevance and implications of later canonical materials relating to slavery. Childs' Canonical Approach is employed in a modified form to honor the canon as the larger context in which a passage should be read. I argue that when examined in light of relevant slavery texts across the Tanakh, Joseph's actions in Gen 47:13-26 are not culpable on the basis of his employment of debt slaver, but can be read as being out of step with the ideal that emerges concerning resource distribution. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

This dissertation aims at studying underlying cultural conflicts in Corinth and Paul's approach thereto. Firstly, the cultural underlays in the congregation of Corinth are revisited, with special reference to the presence of Greeks, Romans and Jews in the congregation which came into being there. This theme is explored by studying the meaning of culture, the archaeological data, as well as Biblical data and other historical data regarding these cultures and Corinth. Furthermore attention is given to the way in which these three cultures were reflected in Paul's own background. In conclusion Paul's approach to the conflict is delineated in terms of positive and negative renderings of the concept "becoming a slave to fellow humans". Special focus is given to 1 Corinthians 9:19-23 as a key pericope in this regard. The deduction made in this dissertation is that Paul disregards his own cultural heritage and makes himself a slave to people on behalf of winning people for Christ, without allowing people (or cultural groups) to rule him as masters. / Thesis (M.Th. (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006

Magister Legum - LLM / Piracy attacks off the coast of the Horn of Africa have been on the rise in the recent years. According to a report by Ocean without Borders, although no vessels were hijacked by pirates off the coast of Somalia in 2017, 8 seafarers who were captured in 2016 were still being held in captivity. So far, 545 seafarers have been subjected to piracy attacks.1 The west coast of Africa has also experienced its fair share of piracy attacks. There has been an increase in piracy attacks off the coast of West Africa, two thirds of these attacks occurred off the coast of Nigeria.2The law governing maritime piracy is founded in the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea (UNCLOS).3Article 101 of the Convention defines piracy as; (a) any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed: i. on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or aircraft; ii. against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State; (b) any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft; (c) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in subparagraph (a) or (b). In addition to the UNCLOS, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful acts of Violence against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (herein after referred to as SUA Convention) also criminalises acts related to maritime piracy but which hinder the safe navigation of ships.4 The determining factor for crimes under the SUA Convention is whether the offence is a threat to the safe navigation or is likely to endanger the safe navigation of ships.5 The SUA Convention, however, differs from the UNCLOS in several aspects. First, the Convention does not require that the offence be committed for private ends. Second, the two ships requirement under Article 101 (a) of the UNCLOS is not applicable in the SUA Convention. The offences created in Article 3 of the SUA Convention imply that they may be committed by a perpetrator who is in the same ship with the victim. The SUA Convention does not provide for application of the principle of universal jurisdiction, a State can only exercise jurisdiction over the crimes if it is a party to it.6 Both the SUA Convention7 and the UNCLOS8 provide that the offence must be committed outside a State’s territorial waters. Article 4 of the SUA Convention however further limits the application of the Convention. The Convention does not apply to instances where the ship was not scheduled to navigate out of the territorial waters of the State. This limitation is not applicable under the UNCLOS.

Thesis (M.Th. (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

This dissertation aims at studying underlying cultural conflicts in Corinth and Paul's approach thereto. Firstly, the cultural underlays in the congregation of Corinth are revisited, with special reference to the presence of Greeks, Romans and Jews in the congregation which came into being there. This theme is explored by studying the meaning of culture, the archaeological data, as well as Biblical data and other historical data regarding these cultures and Corinth. Furthermore attention is given to the way in which these three cultures were reflected in Paul's own background. In conclusion Paul's approach to the conflict is delineated in terms of positive and negative renderings of the concept "becoming a slave to fellow humans". Special focus is given to 1 Corinthians 9:19-23 as a key pericope in this regard. The deduction made in this dissertation is that Paul disregards his own cultural heritage and makes himself a slave to people on behalf of winning people for Christ, without allowing people (or cultural groups) to rule him as masters. / Thesis (M.Th. (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006

Orientador: Dagoberto José Fonseca / Resumo: O final do século XIX e o começo do século XX é um período de intensa e diversa produção cultural decorrente das sucessivas mudanças que aconteciam não só no Brasil, mas em todo o mundo. Havia um processo de construção e afirmação de identidades e de reconstrução de hierarquias sociais que haviam ruído com a abolição do escravismo. Muitos desses movimentos culturais, principalmente os de agência de negros libertos, sofreram sucessivas tentativas de apagamento por terem caráter popular, ou seja, não se enquadrarem em um modelo europeu-ocidental reformador de costumes. É de um desses movimentos, mais especificamente de uma figura atuante na cena cultural do início do século XX que essa pesquisa irá erguer a voz. O nome artístico dele era De Chocolat, fundador da primeira companhia de teatro do Brasil composta apenas por negros, a Companhia Negra de Revista. Ele produz um teatro com uma importante função social. Utiliza-se de ferramentas populares como a música, a oralidade, a dança, os improvisos, os chistes, as anedotas para fazer críticas à sociedade da época. Essa dissertação terá como elemento central o fac-símile da primeira peça encenada por De Chocolat e sua companhia, intitulada “Tudo Preto”. É através desse material que será visto, que assim como um griot africano – que são intermediadores sociais e guardadores das histórias de seu povo – De Chocolat usará as populares Revistas Teatrais para contar a história da construção da identidade negra no Brasil tangenciando ass... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century is a period of intense and diverse cultural production resulting from successive changes that took place not only in Brazil, but also around the world. There was a process of building and affirming identities and rebuilding social hierarchies that had broken with the abolition of slavery. Many of these cultural movements, especially those of freed black agencies, have suffered successive attempts to erase because they are popular in nature that is not fitting into a Western-European customs reformer. It is from one of these movements, more specifically of an active figure in the cultural scene of the early twentieth century that this research will raise the voice. His stage name was De Chocolat, founder of Brazil's first black theater company, Black Company of Magazines. He produces a theater with an important social function. It uses popular tools such as music, orality, dance, improvisations, jokes, anecdotes to criticize the society of the time. This dissertation will have as its central element the facsimile of the first play staged by De Chocolat and his company, entitled "All black". It is through this material that he will be seen, as well as an African griot – who are social mediators and keepers of the stories of his people – De Chocolat will use the popular Theatre of Magazines to tell the story of the construction of black identity in Brazil such as black women, racism, religiosity, Brazil... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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