Orientador: Renato de Campos / Banca: Rodolfo Florence Teixeira Junior / Banca: Marcius Fabius Henriques de Carvalho / Resumo: Para o aumento da capacidade gerencial e competitiva das empresas um dos principais recursos é o uso dos sistemas integrados de gestão ou Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). Os ERPs livres de código aberto têm ganhado uma aceitação cada vez maior, oferecendo vantagens como diminuição dos custos e o acesso ao código. Para usufruir destas vantagens são necessários métodos e ferramentas adequadas para o levantamento do modelo de requisitos de negócios, visando facilitar o desenvolvimento ou implantação do software. Linguagens de modelagem de empresas contribuem para a definição de requisitos de empresas por possuir sintaxe e semântica mais adequada para este fim. Atualmente várias linguagens de modelagem de empresas são propostas, como por exemplo, a linguagem CIMOSA. Pretende-se nesta pesquisa estudar e comparar linguagens de modelagem de empresas, visando definir um conjunto de construtores de linguagem que mais se adéqüe ao desenvolvimento e adaptação de ERPs, em específicos para ERPs livres de código aberto. Também, são propostos uma estrutura conceitual e diretrizes para a passagem de modelos de empresa para o modelo de sistema ERP5. / Abstract: In order to improve the competitive and management capacity of a company, one of the main resources is the use of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). The ERPs free of open code have gained an increasing acceptance, offering advantages such as lower costs and access to the codes. To enjoy these benefits, appropriate methods and tools are necessary in order to set up the model of business requirements, to facilitate the development or customization of software codes. Business modeling languages contribute for the definition of companies requirements because they have syntax and semantics more appropriate for this purpose. Nowadays, several languages are proposed for business modeling, for example CIMOSA. The main objective of this work is to study business modeling languages, comparing them and mapping the builder of CIMOSA language. Based on the definition of a more complete group of business modeling languages builders, and consistent with ERP5 classes, it is proposed guidelines for the implementation or customization of the ERP5, through the passage of a business model to the information system model, in a more systematic and appropriate way. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:27:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rochetti_at_me_bauru.pdf: 1501607 bytes, checksum: 61def01439b574afddb60f9158749ba5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Para o aumento da capacidade gerencial e competitiva das empresas um dos principais recursos é o uso dos sistemas integrados de gestão ou Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). Os ERPs livres de código aberto têm ganhado uma aceitação cada vez maior, oferecendo vantagens como diminuição dos custos e o acesso ao código. Para usufruir destas vantagens são necessários métodos e ferramentas adequadas para o levantamento do modelo de requisitos de negócios, visando facilitar o desenvolvimento ou implantação do software. Linguagens de modelagem de empresas contribuem para a definição de requisitos de empresas por possuir sintaxe e semântica mais adequada para este fim. Atualmente várias linguagens de modelagem de empresas são propostas, como por exemplo, a linguagem CIMOSA. Pretende-se nesta pesquisa estudar e comparar linguagens de modelagem de empresas, visando definir um conjunto de construtores de linguagem que mais se adéqüe ao desenvolvimento e adaptação de ERPs, em específicos para ERPs livres de código aberto. Também, são propostos uma estrutura conceitual e diretrizes para a passagem de modelos de empresa para o modelo de sistema ERP5. / In order to improve the competitive and management capacity of a company, one of the main resources is the use of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). The ERPs free of open code have gained an increasing acceptance, offering advantages such as lower costs and access to the codes. To enjoy these benefits, appropriate methods and tools are necessary in order to set up the model of business requirements, to facilitate the development or customization of software codes. Business modeling languages contribute for the definition of companies requirements because they have syntax and semantics more appropriate for this purpose. Nowadays, several languages are proposed for business modeling, for example CIMOSA. The main objective of this work is to study business modeling languages, comparing them and mapping the builder of CIMOSA language. Based on the definition of a more complete group of business modeling languages builders, and consistent with ERP5 classes, it is proposed guidelines for the implementation or customization of the ERP5, through the passage of a business model to the information system model, in a more systematic and appropriate way.

In order to solve a problem of Business and IT Alignment (BITA) it is important to consider various dimensions of it: strategic, structural, social and cultural. In the context of dealing with BITA, Enterprise Modeling (EM) is an acknowledged and widely used practice. On one hand, EM facilitates the creation of integrated models that capture and represent different focal areas of an enterprise, there-fore it allowing to obtain a multidimensional view on an enterprise and to inte-grate these multiple dimensions into a coherent structure. These capabilities make EM a powerful tool for dealing with the strategic and structural dimen-sions of BITA. On the other hand, solving a BITA problem requires dealing with the numerous points of view of the stakeholders and creating a shared under-standing between them, which refers to the social and cultural dimensions of BITA. In this regard EM is also able to provide support to the development of an understanding about the current multidimensional praxis and future vision and strategies. Thus, EM has a high potential for dealing with the strategic, structur-al, social and cultural dimensions of BITA. This licentiate thesis investigates the applicability of EM in the light of BITA and proposes a framework that allocates intentions of EM application within the frame of the Strategic Alignment Model. The framework positions EM conceptually in the context of BITA and identifies a number of EM challenges and recommendations to suggest how EM can be used to facilitate BITA.

Existem muitas ferramentas capazes de apoiar o processo de gestão do conhecimento nas organizações. A eficiência dessas ferramentas depende da capacidade de lidar com grandes massas de dados. Portanto, a recuperação é fundamental e é hoje uma área de pesquisa em ascensão, para a qual várias técnicas vêm sendo desenvolvidas, tais como sistemas sofisticados de classificação, mecanismos de busca e agentes inteligentes. Grande parte dessas tecnologias se baseia no princípio de que o usuário sabe da existência da informação e está a sua procura. Este trabalho propõe um conceito para a construção de sistemas que, ao invés de apenas disponibilizar mecanismos para a busca, procura filtrar as informações e apresentá-las em meio aos sistemas corporativos empregados pelo usuário nas suas tarefas rotineiras. Isto significa uma informação contextualizada, isto é, apresentada conforme a situação enfrentada pelo usuário e dentro da qual faz sentido e adiciona valor às decisões. O conceito proposto emprega conhecimentos sobre gestão de projetos e modelagem de empresa, de forma a proporcionar que as informações relevantes sejam oferecidas no ambiente onde o usuário interage com outros membros da equipe de projeto. Foram desenvolvidos, além do conceito, uma especificação detalhada e um protótipo da ferramenta. Os resultados demonstram que o conceito é viável e pode ser utilizado em sistemas de apoio à gestão do conhecimento. Encerra-se o trabalho apresentando as propostas de melhoria para o conceito e solução desenvolvidos. / There exist many tools able to support the knowledge management process in organizations. Due to a large quantity of information registered in these tools, they need to be efficient in the recovery of information. In this sense there exist several techniques, such as sophisticated search engines, classification and intelligent agents. These ways are by far important to the information recovery but, the user knows that exist an information and need to search. The present dissertation proposes a concept of a system which, instead of providing a form of the user to search the information, tries to find a form to present it together the functionalities the user employs when he/she performs his/her job. It means contextual information, which is presented according to the situation the user faces and which such information makes sense and adds value to the decisions. For the development of this system, concepts on project management and enterprise modeling are used. The results show that the concept is viable and can be utilized supporting systems to knowledge management. Finally the dissertation present the proposals of improvement for the concept and the solution developed.

La gestion des connaissances dans les petites et moyennes entreprises a toujours été un défi. Ces entreprises ont des caractéristiques particulières qui sont liés à la taille, la structure et la coordination et la collaboration de leurs membres. L’enjeu scientifique de ce travail est de mieux appréhender les spécificités de la gestion des connaissances et de l’apprentissage organisationnel dans ces petites entreprises. / Knowledge management in small and medium enterprises has always been a challenge. These companies have special features that are related to the size, structure and coordination and cooperation between members. The scientific challenge of this work is to better understand the specifics of knowledge management and organizational leaning in these small businesses.

Die Arbeit adressiert insgesamt drei Forschungsschwerpunkte. Der erste Schwerpunkt setzt sich mit zu entwickelnden BPMN-Erweiterungen auseinander und stellt deren methodische Implikationen im Rahmen der bestehenden Sprachstandards dar. Dies umfasst zum einen ganz konkrete Spracherweiterungen wie z. B. BPMN4CP, eine BPMN-Erweiterung zur multi-perspektivischen Modellierung von klinischen Behandlungspfaden. Zum anderen betrifft dieser Teil auch modellierungsmethodische Konsequenzen, um parallel sowohl die zugrunde liegende Sprache (d. h. das BPMN-Metamodell) als auch die Methode zur Erweiterungsentwicklung zu verbessern und somit den festgestellten Unzulänglichkeiten zu begegnen. Der zweite Schwerpunkt adressiert die Untersuchung von sprachunabhängigen Fragen der Erweiterbarkeit, welche sich entweder während der Bearbeitung des ersten Teils ergeben haben oder aus dessen Ergebnissen induktiv geschlossen wurden. Der Forschungsschwerpunkt fokussiert dabei insbesondere eine Konsolidierung bestehender Terminologien, die Beschreibung generisch anwendbarer Erweiterungsmechanismen sowie die nutzerorientierte Analyse eines potentiellen Erweiterungsbedarfs. Dieser Teil bereitet somit die Entwicklung einer generischen Erweiterungsmethode grundlegend vor. Hierzu zählt auch die fundamentale Auseinandersetzung mit Unternehmensmodellierungssprachen generell, da nur eine ganzheitliche, widerspruchsfreie und integrierte Sprachdefinition Erweiterungen überhaupt ermöglichen und gelingen lassen kann. Dies betrifft beispielsweise die Spezifikation der intendierten Semantik einer Sprache.

Nowadays, there is a belief that organizations should keep improving different aspects of theirenterprise to remain competitive in their business segment. For this purpose, it is required to understand the current state of the enterprise, analyze and evaluate it to be able to figure out suitable change measures. To perform such a process in a systematic and structured way, receiving support from powerful tools is inevitable. Enterprise Modeling is a field that can support improvement processes by developing models to show different aspects of an enterprise. An Enterprise Modeling Method is an important support for the Enterprise Modeling. A method is comprised of different conceptual parts: Perspective, Framework, Method Component (which itself contains Procedure, Notation and Concepts), and Cooperation Principles. In an ideal modeling process, both the process and the results are of high quality. One dimension of quality which is in focus in this thesis is efficiency. The issue of efficiency evaluation in Enterprise Modeling still seems to be a rather unexploited research area. The thesis investigates three aspects of Enterprise Modeling Methods: what is the meaning of efficiency in this context, how can efficiency be evaluated and in what phases of a modeling process could efficiency be evaluated. The contribution of the thesis is an approach for evaluation of efficiency in Enterprise Modeling Methods based also on several case studies. The evaluation approach is constituted by efficiency criteria that should be met by (different parts of) a method. While a subset of these criteria always need to be fulfilled in a congruent way, fulfillment of the rest of the criteria depends on the application case. To help the user in initial evaluation of a method, a structure of driving questions is presented.

Information Technology (IT) has evolved over the decades, where its role and impact have transitioned from being a tactical tool to a more strategic one for driving business strategies to transform organizations. The right alignment between IT strategy and business has become a compelling factor for Chief Information Officer (CIO)s where misalignment could lead to a degradation of organization performance and slow them down in the landscape of market competition. Enterprise Architecture (EA) in practice is one of the approaches where this alignment can be achieved. Through Enterprise Modeling (EM), EA supports all the stakeholders (Business and IT) of an organization to have a common understanding for communication of information, making decisions, and coordinating actions. EM results in EA models that are composed of enterprise components and relationships, that are stored in a repository. Over time, the repository grows as architects design new models or update existing models with complex structures. This opens up new avenues of research where the data can be used to provide intelligence. One such field is Recommender Systems (RS) which are software tools and techniques to provide meaningful suggestions to the user. RS can take different forms in the EM domain. For instance, identifying semantically similar components [8] or modeling assistance during the EM process [40]. Each form of recommendation can be enhanced with sophisticated recommendation models over time implemented in different technologies. We focus on the latter problem in this thesis where we implement a recommender framework that contains a robust architecture that easily integrates with different RS. We present the robustness and the ease of integration criteria for the framework. The framework is distributed as a plugin for Archi, a modeling toolkit used by Enterprise Architects to create EA models. / Information Technology (IT) har utvecklats under decennierna, där dess roll och inverkan har övergått från att vara ett taktiskt verktyg till ett mer strategiskt verktyg för att driva affärsstrategier för att transformera organisationer. Den rätta anpassningen mellan IT-strategin och verksamheten har blivit en övertygande faktor för Chief Information Officer (CIO):er där felanpassning kan leda till en försämring av organisationens prestanda och sakta ner dem i konkurrensen på marknaden. Enterprise Architecture (EA) är i praktiken ett av tillvägagångssätten där denna anpassning kan uppnås. Genom Enterprise Modeling (EM) stöder EA alla intressenter (Business och IT) i en organisation att ha en gemensam förståelse för kommunikation av information, fatta beslut och samordna åtgärder. EM resulterar i EA-modeller som är sammansatta av företagskomponenter och relationer, som lagras i ett arkiv. Med tiden växer förvaret i takt med att arkitekter designar nya modeller eller uppdaterar befintliga modeller med komplexa strukturer. Detta öppnar för nya forskningsvägar där data kan användas för att tillhandahålla intelligens. Ett sådant fält är Recommender Systems (RS) som är mjukvaruverktyg och tekniker för att ge meningsfulla förslag till användaren. RS kan ha olika former i EM-domänen. Till exempel identifiera semantiskt liknande komponenter [8] eller modelleringshjälp under EM-processen [40]. Varje form av rekommendation kan förbättras med sofistikerade rekommendationsmodeller över tid implementerade i olika teknologier. Vi fokuserar på det senare problemet i den här avhandlingen där vi implementerar ett recommender-ramverk som innehåller en robust arkitektur som enkelt integreras med olika RS. Vi presenterar robustheten och enkelheten i integrationskriterierna för ramverket. Ramverket distribueras som en plugin för Archi, en verktygssats för modellering som används av Enterprise Architects för att skapa EA-modeller.

In order to solve a problem of Business and IT Alignment (BITA) it is important to consider various dimensions of it: strategic, structural, social and cultural. In the context of dealing with BITA, Enterprise Modeling (EM) is an acknowledged and widely used practice. On one hand, EM facilitates the creation of integrated models that capture and represent different focal areas of an enterprise, there-fore it allowing to obtain a multidimensional view on an enterprise and to inte-grate these multiple dimensions into a coherent structure. These capabilities make EM a powerful tool for dealing with the strategic and structural dimen-sions of BITA. On the other hand, solving a BITA problem requires dealing with the numerous points of view of the stakeholders and creating a shared under-standing between them, which refers to the social and cultural dimensions of BITA. In this regard EM is also able to provide support to the development of an understanding about the current multidimensional praxis and future vision and strategies. Thus, EM has a high potential for dealing with the strategic, structur-al, social and cultural dimensions of BITA. This licentiate thesis investigates the applicability of EM in the light of BITA and proposes a framework that allocates intentions of EM application within the frame of the Strategic Alignment Model. The framework positions EM conceptually in the context of BITA and identifies a number of EM challenges and recommendations to suggest how EM can be used to facilitate BITA.

A capacidade de antecipar decisões, reagir rapidamente às mudanças, bem como sustentar e aprimorar os avanços alcançados ao longo do tempo, caracterizam a Empresa sensitiva, inteligente e sustentável. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar e sistematizar os principais elementos da Empresa S^3 para caracterizar o princípio de colaboração. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada compreende um estudo bibliográfico para o embasamento teórico, desenvolvimento de modelos de empresas e instanciação em um caso real por meio da metodologia de modelagem For Enterprise Modeling (4EM) orientada para a gestão do conhecimento. O estudo bibliográfico contempla a contextualização dessa iniciativa em disciplinas consolidadas, identificação de aspectos e princípios norteadores, bem como uma revisão sistemática sobre redes colaborativas. Como contribuição da pesquisa, menciona-se a caracterização do princípio de colaboração no âmbito de Empresa S^3 através de um caso exemplo, bem como a sistematização do conhecimento acerca de um tema incipiente e inovador, evidenciando futuras pesquisas e aplicações. / The ability to anticipate decisions, react quickly to changes, and sustain and improve the progress made over time, characterize a sensing, smart and sustainable Enterprise. The objective of the research is to analyze and systematize the main elements of the S^3 Enterprise to characterize the collaboration principle. The research methodology used includes a bibliographical study for the theoretical basis, the development of enterprise models and instantiation in a real case through the modeling methodology For Enterprise Modeling (4EM) oriented to knowledge management. The bibliographic study contemplates the contextualization of this initiative in consolidated disciplines, identification of aspects and guiding principles, as well as a systematic review on collaborative networks. As a contribution of this research, we mention the characterization of collaboration principle within S^3 Enterprise through an example case, as well as the systematization of the knowledge about an incipient and innovative theme, evidencing future researches and applications.