Enterprises are growing in complexity due to numerous interactions within and outside the enterprise. Enterprise modeling addresses this issue of complexity by helping to structure it. A review of the literature indicates several issues in the field of enterprise modeling need to be addressed. First, the terms related to enterprise modeling have numerous definitions, each one focusing on different aspects. These definitions are analyzed and a comprehensive definition is provided. Next, enterprise modeling methodologies and enterprise modeling frameworks in the literature focus on different views when modeling an enterprise, thus making it difficult for an enterprise to choose the framework that best fits their needs. In order to resolve this, an enterprise modeling framework is designed that attempts to incorporate all of the views of an enterprise. This framework is then extended, by taking into account various models and functionalities provided in enterprise modeling software packages.

Detta examensarbete går ut på att för TitanX Engine Cooling ABs räkning analysera deras användning av Lean-verktyget Value Stream Mapping (VSM). Detta på grund av att verktyget inte levererar all information som företaget efterfrågar. För att hitta potentiella alternativ till VSM har verktyg och ramverk inom Enterprise Architecture studerats (EA). Utöver detta har även Theory of Constraints och Sex Sigma analyserats. För att undersöka om det är möjligt att även skapa en kostnadsdimension i VSM har påläggskalkylering undersökts. Resultatet av jämförelsen av teorin bakom VSM och hur TitanX använder VSM visar att det finns vissa skillnader, dock är skillnaderna inte så stora och tros inte påverka resultatet av själva kartläggningen. Vidare har analysen givit att EA kan ersätta VSM men också att modellerna och ramverken inom EA är avsevärt mer komplexa och omfattande än VSM. Theory of constraints är integrerbart med Lean och innehåller också en serie mätvärden som ger den information som TitanX efterfrågar.

At the present time, when enterprises have tendency for constant improvements, different tools are used to analyze current state of the business and to introduce organizational changes. Enterprise Modeling is one of these tools. Enterprise modeling can be used for different purposes: to restructure or standardize business processes, to develop business strategy, to capture best practices, etc. Evidently, enterprise models creation is resource-consuming job, since it requires variety of resources, for example labor, time and others. However, resources utilization is always aimed at result achievement, which originates the question of efficiency. There is a need to evaluate efficiency in the area of EM, which starts from defining a set of indicators to be checked. This work presents checklists of efficiency indicators for processes that EM can involve. For this purpose it identifies processes (so-called application areas of EMMs and enterprise models) that EM can involve. All of them are characterized with the help of two concepts: required resources and expected results. Formulated efficiency indicators can be used to analyze efficiency in the area of EM, particularly in application areas of EMMs and enterprise models.

Schema integration is the task of integrating several local schemata into one global database schema. It is a complex, error-prone and time consuming task. Problems arise in recognizing and resolving problems, such as differences and similarities, between two schemata. Problems also arise in integrating static and dynamic schemata. In this thesis, three research topics are addressed: Maintaining Vocabulary in Schema Integration, Integration of Static Schemata and Integration of Static and Dynamic Schemata, while applying the notation in the Enterprise Modeling approach. In Maintaining Vocabulary in Schema Integration an analysis of what semantic loss is and why it occurs in schema integration is conducted. Semantic loss is a problem that should be avoided because both concepts and dependencies might be lost. In the thesis, it is argued that concepts and dependencies should be retained as long as possible in the schemata. This should facilitate user involvement since the users’ vocabulary is retained even after resolving similarities and differences between two schemata. In Integration of Static Schemata two methods are developed. These methods facilitate recognition and resolution of similarities and differences between two conceptual database schemata.  By applying the first method, problems between two schemata can be recognized that otherwise could pass unnoticed; by applying the second method, problems can be resolved without causing semantic loss by retaining concepts and dependencies in the schemata. In Integration of Static and Dynamic Schemata a method on how to integrate static and dynamic schemata is developed. In the method, focus is put on pre- and post-conditions and how to map these to states and state changes in the database. By applying the method, states that are important for the database can be designed and integrated into the conceptual database schema. Also, by applying the method, active database rules can be designed and integrated into the conceptual database schema.

The core problem addressed in this research is the current lack of an ability to repurpose and curate scientific data among interdisciplinary scientists within a research enterprise environment. Explosive growth in sensor technology as well as the cost of collecting ocean data and airborne measurements has allowed for exponential increases in scientific data collection as well as substantial enterprise resources required for data collection. There is currently no framework for efficiently curating this scientific data for repurposing or intergenerational use. There are several reasons why this problem has eluded solution to date to include the competitive requirements for funding and publication, multiple vocabularies used among various scientific disciplines, the number of scientific disciplines and the variation among workflow processes, lack of a flexible framework to allow for diversity among vocabularies and data but a unifying approach to exploitation and a lack of affordable computing resources (mostly in past tense now). Addressing this lack of sharing scientific data among interdisciplinary scientists is an exceptionally challenging problem given the need for combination of various vocabularies, maintenance of associated scientific data provenance, requirement to minimize any additional workload being placed on originating data scientist project/time, protect publication/credit to reward scientific creativity and obtaining priority for a long-term goal such as scientific data curation for intergenerational, interdisciplinary scientific problem solving that likely offers the most potential for the highest impact discoveries in the future. This research approach focuses on the core technical problem of formally modeling interdisciplinary scientific data provenance as the enabling and missing component to demonstrate the potential of interdisciplinary scientific data repurposing. This research develops a framework to combine varying vocabularies in a formal manner that allows the provenance information to be used as a key for reasoning to allow manageable curation. The consequence of this research is that it has pioneered an approach of formally modeling provenance within an interdisciplinary research enterprise to demonstrate that intergenerational curation can be aided at the machine level to allow reasoning and repurposing to occur with minimal impact to data collectors and maximum impact to other scientists.

Os hospitais prestam serviços para promoverem saúde plena à população, sendo uma das organizações mais complexas de gestão. Apesar da importância socioeconômica há várias carências na área administrativa, controle dos resultados, infraestrutura de suprimentos eficientes, compreensão dos seus processos, custos logísticos entre outros. Estudos apresentam que as organizações são formadas por processos, logo, processos que não agregam valor devem ser eliminados. Neste contexto, a literatura apresenta o Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD), como um método que viabiliza identificar e compreender de maneira simples e clara os processos organizacionais que agregam ou não valor aos serviços, buscando contribuir para o planejamento e tomada de decisões mais eficientes. Sendo assim, o estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar potenciais melhorias nos processos de compra de Hospital de Ensino Público (HEP) com a utilização da metodologia EKD. Para tanto, o trabalho utilizou uma abordagem qualitativo-exploratória, embasada na revisão de literatura, seguido por estudo de caso em um HEP localizado no interior do Estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por análise de documentos e entrevista semiestruturada com os funcionários da área de compras baseada na sistemática do EKD. Os resultados da pesquisa contribuíram em apresentar melhor visualização e compreensão dos processos de compra na modalidade de pregão eletrônico no sistema de registro de preços, de forma, a gerar uma reflexão referente às oportunidades de melhorias incrementais. Além de buscar auxiliar no desenvolvimento de uma literatura sistemática que apresente uma linguagem simples e de fácil entendimento, que oriente os gestores a utilizarem métodos e ferramentas de gestão que facilitem a administrar de forma eficiente os recursos disponíveis ao hospital. / Hospitals provide services to promote the full population health, one of the most complex management organizations. Despite the socio-economic importance there are several shortcomings in the administrative area, control the results, efficient supply of infrastructure, understanding of their processes, logistics costs, among others. Studies show that organizations are formed by processes, so processes that do not add value should be eliminated. In this context, the literature presents the Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD), as a method that enables to identify and understand simple and clear organizational processes that add value to the services or not, seeking to contribute to the planning and decision-making more efficient. Thus, the study aims to analyze improvements in the process of purchasing of Hospital of Public Teaching (HEP) using the methodology EKD. Thus, the study used a qualitative exploratory approach, based on the literature review, followed by a case study in HEP, located within the State of São Paulo. Data collection was performed by analysis of documents and semi-structured interviews with employees of the shopping area based on the systematic EKD. The survey results helped to introduce better visualization and understanding of the purchasing process of the mode of electronic trading in the system of record prices. In order to generate a reflection in relation to opportunities for continuous improvement, and seek help in the development of a literature systematic to present a simple language for easy understanding, that guides managers to use management methods and tools that facilitate managing efficiently the resources available to the hospital.

Existem muitas ferramentas capazes de apoiar o processo de gestão do conhecimento nas organizações. A eficiência dessas ferramentas depende da capacidade de lidar com grandes massas de dados. Portanto, a recuperação é fundamental e é hoje uma área de pesquisa em ascensão, para a qual várias técnicas vêm sendo desenvolvidas, tais como sistemas sofisticados de classificação, mecanismos de busca e agentes inteligentes. Grande parte dessas tecnologias se baseia no princípio de que o usuário sabe da existência da informação e está a sua procura. Este trabalho propõe um conceito para a construção de sistemas que, ao invés de apenas disponibilizar mecanismos para a busca, procura filtrar as informações e apresentá-las em meio aos sistemas corporativos empregados pelo usuário nas suas tarefas rotineiras. Isto significa uma informação contextualizada, isto é, apresentada conforme a situação enfrentada pelo usuário e dentro da qual faz sentido e adiciona valor às decisões. O conceito proposto emprega conhecimentos sobre gestão de projetos e modelagem de empresa, de forma a proporcionar que as informações relevantes sejam oferecidas no ambiente onde o usuário interage com outros membros da equipe de projeto. Foram desenvolvidos, além do conceito, uma especificação detalhada e um protótipo da ferramenta. Os resultados demonstram que o conceito é viável e pode ser utilizado em sistemas de apoio à gestão do conhecimento. Encerra-se o trabalho apresentando as propostas de melhoria para o conceito e solução desenvolvidos. / There exist many tools able to support the knowledge management process in organizations. Due to a large quantity of information registered in these tools, they need to be efficient in the recovery of information. In this sense there exist several techniques, such as sophisticated search engines, classification and intelligent agents. These ways are by far important to the information recovery but, the user knows that exist an information and need to search. The present dissertation proposes a concept of a system which, instead of providing a form of the user to search the information, tries to find a form to present it together the functionalities the user employs when he/she performs his/her job. It means contextual information, which is presented according to the situation the user faces and which such information makes sense and adds value to the decisions. For the development of this system, concepts on project management and enterprise modeling are used. The results show that the concept is viable and can be utilized supporting systems to knowledge management. Finally the dissertation present the proposals of improvement for the concept and the solution developed.

Os hospitais prestam serviços para promoverem saúde plena à população, sendo uma das organizações mais complexas de gestão. Apesar da importância socioeconômica há várias carências na área administrativa, controle dos resultados, infraestrutura de suprimentos eficientes, compreensão dos seus processos, custos logísticos entre outros. Estudos apresentam que as organizações são formadas por processos, logo, processos que não agregam valor devem ser eliminados. Neste contexto, a literatura apresenta o Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD), como um método que viabiliza identificar e compreender de maneira simples e clara os processos organizacionais que agregam ou não valor aos serviços, buscando contribuir para o planejamento e tomada de decisões mais eficientes. Sendo assim, o estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar potenciais melhorias nos processos de compra de Hospital de Ensino Público (HEP) com a utilização da metodologia EKD. Para tanto, o trabalho utilizou uma abordagem qualitativo-exploratória, embasada na revisão de literatura, seguido por estudo de caso em um HEP localizado no interior do Estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por análise de documentos e entrevista semiestruturada com os funcionários da área de compras baseada na sistemática do EKD. Os resultados da pesquisa contribuíram em apresentar melhor visualização e compreensão dos processos de compra na modalidade de pregão eletrônico no sistema de registro de preços, de forma, a gerar uma reflexão referente às oportunidades de melhorias incrementais. Além de buscar auxiliar no desenvolvimento de uma literatura sistemática que apresente uma linguagem simples e de fácil entendimento, que oriente os gestores a utilizarem métodos e ferramentas de gestão que facilitem a administrar de forma eficiente os recursos disponíveis ao hospital. / Hospitals provide services to promote the full population health, one of the most complex management organizations. Despite the socio-economic importance there are several shortcomings in the administrative area, control the results, efficient supply of infrastructure, understanding of their processes, logistics costs, among others. Studies show that organizations are formed by processes, so processes that do not add value should be eliminated. In this context, the literature presents the Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD), as a method that enables to identify and understand simple and clear organizational processes that add value to the services or not, seeking to contribute to the planning and decision-making more efficient. Thus, the study aims to analyze improvements in the process of purchasing of Hospital of Public Teaching (HEP) using the methodology EKD. Thus, the study used a qualitative exploratory approach, based on the literature review, followed by a case study in HEP, located within the State of São Paulo. Data collection was performed by analysis of documents and semi-structured interviews with employees of the shopping area based on the systematic EKD. The survey results helped to introduce better visualization and understanding of the purchasing process of the mode of electronic trading in the system of record prices. In order to generate a reflection in relation to opportunities for continuous improvement, and seek help in the development of a literature systematic to present a simple language for easy understanding, that guides managers to use management methods and tools that facilitate managing efficiently the resources available to the hospital.

As an enterprise start to grow up, it comes along with the bottleneck and limitation of growth. In the meantime, this enterprise will activate a series of activities of organizational development for creating a better performance. In the past studies, researchers focused most of time on the relationship among organizational structures, those activities and organizational performance. They tried to find out how the organizational change created the marvelous performance, but just missed an important factor that made this happen is the believes of the leader. We believe that leader¡¦s believies will influence the organizational structure and then decide the performance of this organization. Our research focused on how believes affect the organization, and took GE company for example. We tried to explore the changes of organizational structure and organizational performance. Furthermore, to find out the key soft variables that is behind the back of organization¡¦s excellent performance. Our research adopted System Dynamics as the research method. We collected the information about the GE company, analyzed them and constructed the GE¡¦s system dynamics model. According to this model, we do the sumilation, test and analysis. Finally, we proposed our research conclusion.

The use of models for designing and developing Information Systems (IS) has changed in recent years. Models are no longer considered a peripheral documentation medium that is poorly maintained and often neglected. Rather, models are increasingly seen as essential parts of the final product—as central artifacts that drive and guide the development efforts. The knowledge that modelers rely on when designing models is represented as formal models and clearly defined rules for transforming the models. The flexibility, reliability, and effectiveness offered by the formal models and the transformations are making Model Driven Development (MDD) a popular choice for building IS. Models also serve in describing enterprise design, where enterprise-level models capture organizational knowledge and aid in understanding, improving, and growing the enterprise. Enterprise Modeling (EM) offers a structured and unified view of the enterprise, thereby enabling more informed and accurate decisions to be made. Many MDD approaches have been proposed to tackle a wide range of IS-related issues, but little attention is being paid to the source of the knowledge captured by the IS models. EM approaches capture organizational knowledge and provide the necessary input and underlying context for designing IS. However, the results produced by EM approaches need to be manually analyzed by modelers to create the initial MDD model. This interruption of the MDD process represents a gap between enterprise models and MDD models. Limited research has been done to connect EM to MDD in a systematic and structured manner based on the principles of model-driven development. This thesis proposes a unifying meta-model for integrating EM and MDD. The meta-model captures the inherent links that exist between organizational knowledge and IS design. This helps to improve the alignment between organizational goals and the IS that are created to support them. The research presented herein follows the guidelines of the design science research methodology. It starts with a state-of-the-art survey of the current relationship between MDD and prior stages of development. The findings of the survey are used to elicit a set of necessary properties for integrating EM and MDD. The unifying meta-model is then proposed as the basis for an integrated IS development approach that applies the principles of MDD and starts on the enterprise level by considering enterprise models in the development process. The design of the meta-model supports the elicited integration properties. The unifying meta-model is based on the Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD) approach to EM. A prototype tool is developed to support the unifying meta-model, following a study to choose a suitable implementation environment. The use of the unifying meta-model is demonstrated through the implemented tool platform using an example case study, revealing its advantages and highlighting the potential for improvement and future development.