The thesis is focused of finding a suitable space for set up and apply a new form of electronic auction and introduction a system of suppliers evaluation to the company UPC Czech republic, Ltd. These touls should lead to optimize the whole purchasing process of the company. The thesis included performance of methods and techniques to successfully management of selected activities in the organization and contains the description of all the current purchasing process.

Este trabajo pretende aportar en el encuentro de la teoría desde el concepto y elementos de la compra y/o abastecimiento y su relación con el posicionamiento comercial, en función a la Empresa Epade Corporación S.A.C. Ésta es una investigación propositiva This work aims to contribute to the meeting of the theory from the concept and elements of the purchase and / or supply and its relationship with the commercial positioning, according to the company Epade Corporation S.A.C. This is a propositive investigation.

The diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of the current management of the purchasing process and inventory management for the production process in the company ZDAS, a.s. Based on the performed analyzes, this thesis proposes specific solutions for improving the actual partial processes.

Titel: Utveckling och förbättring av inköpsprocessen för transporter. - En fallstudie på Wexiödisk ABBakgrund: Allt fler företag väljer att inte utföra transporterna på egen hand och istället samarbetar med tredjepartslogistikföretag. Inköpsprocessen för transporter är den processen som ser till att transporttjänsterna åt kunderna köps från 3PL företagen. Wexiödisk upplever några problem gällande inköpsprocessen för transporter i form av brist på kunskap kring processens aktiviteter, problem med standardisering och känner att den utförs på ett gammaldags sätt. Detta leder till slöserier, problem med delegering och ineffektivitet. En ökad grad av outsourcing leder ofta till ökade kostnadsbesparingar, men det är svårt att fånga hur kostnader förändras från att hantera processen internt till att den hanteras av en tredje part. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att identifiera icke-värdeskapande aktiviteter som i nuläget förekommer i inköpsprocessen för transporter genom att kartlägga processen, detta med avsikt att utveckla och ge förslag på förbättringsarbete. Syftet är också att identifiera och undersöka hur kostnader förändras och vilka faktorer som påverkar dessa vid en potentiell outsourcing av inköpsprocessen för transporter i SME, samt utveckla en kostnadsmodell för identifiering av dessa kostnader. Metod: Studien är en en-fallstudie där kvalitativa metoder användes. Relevant data för studien samlades in med hjälp av ostrukturerade- och semi-strukturerade intervjuer samt egna observationer på plats. Först upprättades processkartorna för processen för respektive marknad med syfte att skapa kunskap kring processens aktiviteter och identifiera ickevärdeskapande aktiviteter. Därefter identifierades förbättrigsförslag för att reducera slöserierna. På slutet analyseras möjlig outsourcing av processen i fokus och kostnadsförändringar som kan ske. Slutsats: Inköpsprocessen för transporter på Wexiödisk präglas av en del manuella arbetsmoment och brister i informationsflödet som skapar slöserier, framför allt i form av överarbetning. Det finns fler icke-värdeskapande aktiviteter när det gäller processen för den utländska marknaden än den svenska. Förbättringsförslag som identifierades och kan reducera slöserierna är i form av digitalisering och utveckling av befintligt affärssystem samt ökad integration. Även en ökad standardisering av processen kan ge positiva effekter på processen och ett verktyg att uppnå det är 5S. Det identifierades flera kostnader av att hantera processen internt, framför allt indirekta kostnader. Den högsta kostnadsposten är personalkostnader för transporthanteraren. Kostnader som kan tillkomma vid outsourcing av processen kategoriserades in i fem kategorier: Avtalsrelaterade kostnader, Transaktionskostnader, Underhållnings- och tjänstekostnader, Riskkostnader och Gömda kostnader. Dessa kostnader beror på olika faktorer och storleken kan vara större eller lägre beroende på förutsättningar. i Växjö.  Bakgrund: Allt fler företag väljer att inte utföra transporterna på egen hand och istället samarbetar med tredjepartslogistikföretag. Inköpsprocessen för transporter är den processen som ser till att transporttjänsterna åt kunderna köps från 3PL företagen.Wexiödisk upplever några problem gällande inköpsprocessen för transporter i form avbrist på kunskap kring processens aktiviteter, problem med standardisering och känner attden utförs på ett gammaldags sätt. Detta leder till slöserier, problem med delegering ochineffektivitet. En ökad grad av outsourcing leder ofta till ökade kostnadsbesparingar, men det är svårt att fånga hur kostnader förändras från att hantera processen internt till att den hanteras av en tredje part. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att identifiera icke-värdeskapande aktiviteter som i nuläget förekommer i inköpsprocessen för transporter genom att kartlägga processen, detta med avsikt att utveckla och ge förslag på förbättringsarbete. Syftet är också att identifiera och undersökahur kostnader förändras och vilka faktorer som påverkar dessa vid en potentiell outsourcing av inköpsprocessen för transporter i SME, samt utveckla en kostnads modell för identifiering av dessa kostnader. Metod: Studien är en en-fallstudie där kvalitativa metoder användes. Relevant data förstudien samlades in med hjälp av ostrukturerade- och semi-strukturerade intervjuer samt egna observationer på plats. Först upprättades processkartorna för processen för respektive marknad med syfte att skapa kunskap kring processens aktiviteter och identifiera icke-värdeskapande aktiviteter. Därefter identifierades förbättrigsförslag för att reducera slöserierna. På slutet analyseras möjlig outsourcing av processen i fokus och kostnadsförändringar som kan ske. Slutsats: Inköpsprocessen för transporter på Wexiödisk präglas av en del manuella arbetsmoment och brister i informationsflödet som skapar slöserier, framför allt i form av överarbetning. Det finns fler icke-värdeskapande aktiviteter när det gäller processen för den utländska marknaden än den svenska. Förbättringsförslag som identifierades och kan reducera slöserierna är i form av digitalisering och utveckling av befintligt affärssystem samt ökad integration. Även en ökad standardisering av processen kan ge positiva effekter på processen och ett verktyg att uppnå det är 5S. Det identifierades flera kostnader av att hantera processen internt, framför allt indirekta kostnader. Den högsta kostnadsposten är personalkostnader för transporthanteraren. Kostnader som kan tillkomma vid outsourcing av processen kategoriserades in i fem kategorier, nämligen avtalsrelaterade kostnader, transaktionskostnader, underhållnings- och tjänstekostnader, riskkostnader och gömda kostnader. Dessa kostnader beror på olika faktorer och storleken kan variera beroende på förutsättningar. / Title: Development and improvement of the purchasing process for transports. A case study at Wexiödisk Ab in Växjö.  Background: An increasing number of companies choose not to perform transportation on their own and instead collaborate with third-party logistics companies. The purchasing process for transports is the process that ensures that the transport services for thecustomers are purchased. Wexiödisk experiences some problems regarding the purchasing process for transports in the form of lack of knowledge about the process’s activities, problems with standardization and feels that it is done in an old-fashioned way. This leads to waste, problems with delegation and inefficiency. An increased degree of outsourcing often leads to increased cost savings, but it is difficult to capture how costs change from managing the process internally to being managed by a third party. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify non-value creating activities that currently occurs in the purchasing process for transports by mapping the process, with the intention of developing and proposing improvement work. The purpose is also to identify and investigate how costs change and what factors may affect them in a potential outsourcing of the purchasing process for transports in SME, and to develop a cost model for identifying these costs. Method: This study is a one-case study using qualitative methods. Relevant data for the study were collected using un- and semi-structured interviews and as well as on-site observations. First, the process maps were created for the process for each market with theaim to create knowledge about the process’s activities and identifying non-value-creating activities. Subsequently, improvement proposals were identified to reduce waste. At the end, possible outsourcing of the process is analyzed and cost changes that can occur. Conclusions: The purchasing process for transport at Wexiödisk is characterized by anumber of manual work steps and short comings in the information flow that leads to waste, especially in the form of overworking. There are more non-value-creating activities regarding the process for the foreign market than the Swedish one. Improvement proposals that have been identified and can reduce waste are in form of digitalization and development of existing business systems and increased integration. Even increased standardization. Even increased standardization of the process can have positive effects on the process and a tool to achieve it is 5S. Several costs were identified by managing the process internally, especially indirect costs. The highest cost is personnel costs for the transport manager. Costs that may be incurred in outsourcing of the process were categorized into five categories, namely contract-related costs, transaction costs, entertainment and service costs, risk costs and hidden costs. These costs depend on various factors and the size may be greater or lower depending on different conditions.

Title:  Purchasing 4.0: An Exploratory Multiple Case Study on the Purchasing Process Reshaped by Industry 4.0 in the Automotive Industry Authors: Simon Gottge, Torben Menzel Background: Rapidly transforming technologies and changing customer expectations trigger the fourth industrial revolution. This development, often referred to as ‘Industry 4.0’, is characterized by autonomously communicating and interacting technologies throughout the supply chain. Simultaneously, the importance of efficient purchasing processes in the automotive sector keeps growing as outsourcing and globalization tendencies increase. While Industry 4.0 publications are on the rise, little research is carried out on the impact on related supply chain functions, especially purchasing, calling for scientific investigations. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the influence of Industry 4.0 on purchasing at automotive manufacturers and further derive a visionary model of the reshaped purchasing process within the adjusted Purchasing 4.0 context. Method: The deductive research is carried out as exploratory multiple case study. In three cases, qualitative data from four dyads is analyzed. Interviews hereby were conducted with 23 participants representing different perspectives, also including case-independent experts. Findings & conclusion: Considering the influence of Industry 4.0 on purchasing, the research reveals, that new technologies and changes in manufacturing, integration and business context will impact the purchasing scope, collaboration, structure, and infrastructure. These changes include new components and different suppliers, a cross-functional and deeper supplier integration as well as collaboration platforms, holistic networks and assisting IT-systems. In the reshaped purchasing process, strategic sub processes will become highly integrated and technology supported, leading to a co-creation of specification, explorative supplier selection, parameter-based quotations and negotiations, and autonomous re-negotiations of changes. The operative purchasing process on the other hand is strongly shaped by real-time data usage, creating interactive call-offs, real-time tracking, proactive trouble shooting and holistic supplier evaluations. Keywords: Purchasing; Industry 4.0; Purchasing 4.0; Purchasing Process; Automotive

Title: Purchasing Process of Services: A Study of the Purchasing Process of HumanResource (HR) services Background: The rise in competition among organizations continues to increase. The rise in globalization, outsourcing and continuous pressure from customers have been the source for the increase in competition. Additionally, the instability in various industries is leading to high competition among firms. The purchasing of professional services is vital to organizations. Contemporary organizations spend a huge portion of their resources on the purchasing of professional services. The proper purchase of professional services can lead to cost saving and competitive advantage for companies or organizations. Research Questions:  How can the various purchasing models be used to develop a process for professional HR service purchasing? What are the factors involved in developing a process for the purchasing of professional HR services Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to develop a purchasing process for the purchasing of professional HR services. It takes into consideration the various classifications models of purchasing and the factors involved in the purchasing of services in order to develop a purchasing process for professional HR services. Method: Through a qualitative case study, the thesis gathered empirical data and used the deductive scientific approach to building a foundation of theory. Additionally, pattern matching was used to analyze both the theory and empirical data. Conclusion: The thesis developed a new classification model for HR services which resulted in the development of a new purchasing process that takes into consideration the classification of services and integrates the effects of the classification in the purchasing process. Additionally, the thesis discovered that personal relationship, clarity of problem and solution, specification of supplier’s inputs, specification of supplier’s throughputs or processes, specification of supplier’s output and specification of supplier’s outcome and the characteristics of service are factors involved in the development of a purchasing process forHR Services. Keywords: Professional Human Resource Services, Categorization of service, PurchasingModels, Service Purchasing Process

O trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma prova de conceito que reproduza a rotina de compras entre empresas com a utilização da tecnologia blockchain. A prova de conceito será executada por meio da construção de dois artefatos. O primeiro artefato foi a modelagem e simulação dos processos de compras na sua forma tradicional (As-Is) e com o uso blockchain (To-Be) expandido para transação máquina a máquina (M2M). O segundo artefato foi a implantação de um contrato inteligente no blockchain público do Ethereum, que retratou o processo To-Be. Foi sugerida a proposição de que uma base de dados distribuída como o blockchain tenha um desempenho operacional superior ao de uma base de dados tradicional. Para tanto, comparou-se os custos transacionais de duas variáveis obtidas como resultados da simulação: tempos de execução da tarefa de geração de pedidos e número de postos de atendimentos necessários. Pode-se comprovar o desempenho superior do blockchain, mas dependente da arquitetura selecionada. No presente estudo, o blockchain privado com prova de trabalho ajustada para descobrir o hash iniciado com dois zeros consecutivos teve o melhor desempenho. / The aim of this work is to build two artifacts as a proof of concept of a procurement management that makes use of blockchain technology in order to demonstrate its feasibility. The first artifact was the modeling and simulation of a traditional (As-Is) purchasing process and other with the use of expanded blockchain (To-Be) for machine-to-machine (M2M) transactions. The second artifact was the implementation of a smart contract in the public blockchain of Ethereum, which portrayed the To-Be process. It was suggested that a distributed system of registries presents a more efficient operational performance than the conventional one. The output of the simulations was used to compare the transactional costs of each model measured through two variables: the execution time of placing orders and the number of service stations required. It could be verified that the blockchain alternative had a superior performance according to the type of architecture employed. In this present study, the private blockchain with proof of work adjusted to seek hashes that begins with two consecutive zeros had the best achievement.

Os hospitais prestam serviços para promoverem saúde plena à população, sendo uma das organizações mais complexas de gestão. Apesar da importância socioeconômica há várias carências na área administrativa, controle dos resultados, infraestrutura de suprimentos eficientes, compreensão dos seus processos, custos logísticos entre outros. Estudos apresentam que as organizações são formadas por processos, logo, processos que não agregam valor devem ser eliminados. Neste contexto, a literatura apresenta o Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD), como um método que viabiliza identificar e compreender de maneira simples e clara os processos organizacionais que agregam ou não valor aos serviços, buscando contribuir para o planejamento e tomada de decisões mais eficientes. Sendo assim, o estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar potenciais melhorias nos processos de compra de Hospital de Ensino Público (HEP) com a utilização da metodologia EKD. Para tanto, o trabalho utilizou uma abordagem qualitativo-exploratória, embasada na revisão de literatura, seguido por estudo de caso em um HEP localizado no interior do Estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por análise de documentos e entrevista semiestruturada com os funcionários da área de compras baseada na sistemática do EKD. Os resultados da pesquisa contribuíram em apresentar melhor visualização e compreensão dos processos de compra na modalidade de pregão eletrônico no sistema de registro de preços, de forma, a gerar uma reflexão referente às oportunidades de melhorias incrementais. Além de buscar auxiliar no desenvolvimento de uma literatura sistemática que apresente uma linguagem simples e de fácil entendimento, que oriente os gestores a utilizarem métodos e ferramentas de gestão que facilitem a administrar de forma eficiente os recursos disponíveis ao hospital. / Hospitals provide services to promote the full population health, one of the most complex management organizations. Despite the socio-economic importance there are several shortcomings in the administrative area, control the results, efficient supply of infrastructure, understanding of their processes, logistics costs, among others. Studies show that organizations are formed by processes, so processes that do not add value should be eliminated. In this context, the literature presents the Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD), as a method that enables to identify and understand simple and clear organizational processes that add value to the services or not, seeking to contribute to the planning and decision-making more efficient. Thus, the study aims to analyze improvements in the process of purchasing of Hospital of Public Teaching (HEP) using the methodology EKD. Thus, the study used a qualitative exploratory approach, based on the literature review, followed by a case study in HEP, located within the State of São Paulo. Data collection was performed by analysis of documents and semi-structured interviews with employees of the shopping area based on the systematic EKD. The survey results helped to introduce better visualization and understanding of the purchasing process of the mode of electronic trading in the system of record prices. In order to generate a reflection in relation to opportunities for continuous improvement, and seek help in the development of a literature systematic to present a simple language for easy understanding, that guides managers to use management methods and tools that facilitate managing efficiently the resources available to the hospital.

O setor de compras nas empresas tem se deparado com a necessidade de tornar-se mais eficiente e eficaz em suas aquisições, por isso, as organizações têm aderido ao uso de ferramentas estratégicas de compras adequadas às suas necessidades. Por este motivo, o presente trabalho objetivou propor um modelo de gestão de compras de materiais e serviços em uma empresa privada do agronegócio Matogrossense de nutrição animal, alinhado às suas estratégias. Desta forma, o trabalho estruturou-se em dois artigos. No primeiro artigo foi realizada uma análise no processo de compras praticado na empresa, para verificar o alinhamento do modelo de gestão do setor de materiais e serviços às estratégias da empresa, através do mapeamento do processo de compras e de uma entrevista semi estruturada com a direção da empresa responsável pela área, no intuito de verificar o alinhamento do processo utilizado com as estratégias da empresa. No segundo artigo, realizou-se a proposição do modelo de gestão de compras de materiais e serviços para a empresa, partindo das necessidades estratégicas identificadas no primeiro artigo e do levantamento dos principais modelos de gestão estratégica de compras de materiais e serviços existentes na literatura. Um modelo estratégico de gestão de compras para a empresa em estudo, foi estruturado através de um diagrama SIPOC e de um fluxograma detalhado do processo e, posteriormente, validado junto à diretoria da empresa. Obteve-se então, como resultado, um modelo de gestão capaz de alinhar o setor de compras de materiais e serviços às estratégias da empresa. O modelo contém, além do detalhamento das etapas do processo de compra, a proposta do uso de ferramentas de compras estratégicas adequadas ao perfil da empresa, como a Matriz de Kraljic (1983) aliada ao modelo de Ogden (2003), ambas adaptadas ao contexto analisado. / The purchasing department in companies has been faced with the need to become more efficient and effective in their acquisitions, so organizations have joined the use of strategic tools appropriate to their shopping needs. Therefore, this study aimed at proposing a purchasing management model of materials and services in a private company in Mato Grosso agribusiness animal nutrition, aligned to its strategies. For this purpose, work was structured in two articles. The first article it was done an analysis in the shopping process practiced for the company, to check the alignment of the materials and services sector of the management model to business strategies, through the purchasing process mapping and a semi structured interview with the company´s management responsible for the area, in order to verify the alignment process used, with the company's strategies. On the second article, took place on purchasing management model proposition of materials and services for the company, starting from the strategic needs identified on the first article and the survey of the main models of strategic management purchases of materials and services available in the literature. A strategic model of purchasing management for the company under investigation, it was structured through a SIPOC diagram and a detailed flow chart of the process and subsequently validated by the company´s staff. There was thus, as a result, a management model able to align the purchasing department of materials and services to the company's strategies. The model contains, in addition to detailing the stages of the buying process, the proposed of use of strategic purchasing tools appropriate to the company profile, such as the Mother of Kraljic (1983) combined with the model of Ogden (2003), both adapted to the analyzed context .

Os hospitais prestam serviços para promoverem saúde plena à população, sendo uma das organizações mais complexas de gestão. Apesar da importância socioeconômica há várias carências na área administrativa, controle dos resultados, infraestrutura de suprimentos eficientes, compreensão dos seus processos, custos logísticos entre outros. Estudos apresentam que as organizações são formadas por processos, logo, processos que não agregam valor devem ser eliminados. Neste contexto, a literatura apresenta o Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD), como um método que viabiliza identificar e compreender de maneira simples e clara os processos organizacionais que agregam ou não valor aos serviços, buscando contribuir para o planejamento e tomada de decisões mais eficientes. Sendo assim, o estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar potenciais melhorias nos processos de compra de Hospital de Ensino Público (HEP) com a utilização da metodologia EKD. Para tanto, o trabalho utilizou uma abordagem qualitativo-exploratória, embasada na revisão de literatura, seguido por estudo de caso em um HEP localizado no interior do Estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por análise de documentos e entrevista semiestruturada com os funcionários da área de compras baseada na sistemática do EKD. Os resultados da pesquisa contribuíram em apresentar melhor visualização e compreensão dos processos de compra na modalidade de pregão eletrônico no sistema de registro de preços, de forma, a gerar uma reflexão referente às oportunidades de melhorias incrementais. Além de buscar auxiliar no desenvolvimento de uma literatura sistemática que apresente uma linguagem simples e de fácil entendimento, que oriente os gestores a utilizarem métodos e ferramentas de gestão que facilitem a administrar de forma eficiente os recursos disponíveis ao hospital. / Hospitals provide services to promote the full population health, one of the most complex management organizations. Despite the socio-economic importance there are several shortcomings in the administrative area, control the results, efficient supply of infrastructure, understanding of their processes, logistics costs, among others. Studies show that organizations are formed by processes, so processes that do not add value should be eliminated. In this context, the literature presents the Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD), as a method that enables to identify and understand simple and clear organizational processes that add value to the services or not, seeking to contribute to the planning and decision-making more efficient. Thus, the study aims to analyze improvements in the process of purchasing of Hospital of Public Teaching (HEP) using the methodology EKD. Thus, the study used a qualitative exploratory approach, based on the literature review, followed by a case study in HEP, located within the State of São Paulo. Data collection was performed by analysis of documents and semi-structured interviews with employees of the shopping area based on the systematic EKD. The survey results helped to introduce better visualization and understanding of the purchasing process of the mode of electronic trading in the system of record prices. In order to generate a reflection in relation to opportunities for continuous improvement, and seek help in the development of a literature systematic to present a simple language for easy understanding, that guides managers to use management methods and tools that facilitate managing efficiently the resources available to the hospital.