Context: The knowledge about sustainability has increased during recent years, which has had a large impact on organizations overall concern and involvement in how their own organization affects environment and society. This has led to an increased effort regarding organizations work in their purchasing process where there are many opportunities for improvement within the environmental, social and economic dimension. The sustainability work in the organization’s purchasing processes also involves the organization’s suppliers as they play a key role in the purchasing process.  Purpose: This study aims to analyze and understand how Swedish pharmacies manage with sustainability in their purchasing process considering the three sustainability dimensions. Also, how the pharmacies sustainability work is reflected on their suppliers.  Method: This study applies a qualitative research method with a deductive approach and aims to answer the two problem formulas and the purpose. The empirical material was primarily collected with qualitative telephone interviews from three different Swedish owned pharmacies and was completed with secondary data that was collected from the pharmacies websites. The theoretical reference frame lies as the base for this study’s results and analysis where comparisons are made to see similarities and differences between the pharmacies.  Results: The main finding is that the pharmacies that were studied all performed a sustainability work regarding environmental-, social- and economic dimensions but with varying degrees. Furthermore, all three pharmacies focused on the environmental dimension mostly.  Key words: Swedish pharmacies, Sustainability, Purchasing process, Suppliers, Supplier requirements

The purchasing area is one of the main activities of any public institution and of fundamental importance for the development of organizational activities. However, if these activities are not carried out in an integrated and clear way, the process will become inefficient, harming all the activities of the institution. Despite the importance of the theme for the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), the purchasing process in the Institution is still fragmented, carried out through different applications of a software program and in other virtual environments, such as Internet sites, without integration between the stages of the process. This disintegration brings innumerable inefficiencies to management. In this way, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) emerge as a means to rationalize and integrate the process. This work aims to identify the requirements of a tool based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) that helps in the UFSM purchasing process. The research had a predominantly quantitative approach, of a described character, of the case study type, and was developed at the Federal University of Santa Maria, more specifically in the area of purchases. For data collection, documentary research techniques, questionnaires and interviews were used. The analysis of the results made it possible to develop and analyze the mapping of the purchasing process, identify the degree of satisfaction and degree of difficulty of users in the use of existing ICT tools, and identify suggestions for improvement in ICT tools. From there, a model of ICT tool was proposed to assist in the UFSM purchasing process. This is expected to improve the process, contributing to a more efficient public management. / A área de compras se constitui em uma das principais atividades de qualquer instituição pública e de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento das atividades organizacionais. Porém, se essas atividades não forem realizadas de forma integrada e clara, o processo se tornará ineficiente prejudicando todas as atividades da instituição. Apesar da importância do tema para a Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), o processo de compras na Instituição ainda é fragmentado, realizado através de diferentes aplicações de um programa (software) e em outros ambientes virtuais, como sítios na Internet, sem integração entre as fases do processo. Essa desintegração acarreta inúmeras ineficiências para a administração. Dessa forma, as Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC's) surgem como um meio para racionalizar e integrar o processo. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de identificar os requisitos de uma ferramenta baseada em Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) que auxilie no processo de compras da UFSM. A pesquisa teve enfoque predominantemente quantitativo, de caráter descrito, do tipo estudo de caso, e foi desenvolvida na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, mais especificamente na área de compras. Para coleta de dados foram utilizadas as técnicas de pesquisa documental, questionários e entrevista. A análise dos resultados possibilitou realizar e analisar o mapeamento dos processos de compras, identificar o grau de satisfação e grau de dificuldade dos usuários na utilização das ferramentas de TIC existentes, além de identificar sugestões de melhoria nas ferramentas de TIC. A partir daí, foi proposto um modelo de ferramenta de TIC para auxiliar no processo de compras da UFSM. Com isso se espera melhorar o processo, contribuindo para uma gestão pública mais eficiente.

Dissertation focuses on standardization processes of purchase in relation to the production of the company XYZ s.r.o. The dissertation has three parts. The first one is theoretical knowledge of the purchasing process and supplier selection. The second is about a description of the company and analysis of the current state in purchase. In the third part is proposed appropriate measure to improve the purchasing process and proposal for purchasing standards.

This master`s thesis focuses on suggestion of changes in the purchasing process in relation to supplier management. Served suggestion of changes in the purchasing structure to the satisfaction of the customer in term sof delivery dates, quality and cost. Analyzes the current state of purchasing process and suggest, based on critical points further steps to improve the situation of management contracts. Evaluates the theoretical approaches and implementation conditions with all the benefits.

En los últimos años han ido surgiendo nuevas tecnologías y facilidades para las empresas en medios digitales. El consumidor es altamente exigente y bastante informado. Las empresas no se limitan a la venta de productos en medios tradicionales, sino que han ido diversificando sus estrategias a medios digitales para adaptarse a las necesidades de los consumidores. De acuerdo a lo mencionado, la presente investigación busca identificar y explicar cuáles son las acciones de las redes sociales que influyen en el proceso de compra del millennial en la industria textil de tiendas por departamento en Lima Metropolitana. Para la presente investigación se ha utilizado información de fuentes secundarias actualizadas relacionadas a tiendas por departamento, industria textil, proceso de compra del consumidor, perfil de los millennials, situación de las redes sociales a nivel global y nacional. Asimismo, se obtuvo información cualitativa a través de entrevistas a profundidad, entrevistas a expertos en industria textil y redes sociales. De la misma manera se realizaron entrevistas personales a consumidores con el perfil apto para obtener información relevante para la investigación. Por otro lado, se obtuvo información cuantitativa por medio de encuestas realizadas a consumidores de la zona 7 de Lima Metropolitana con la finalidad de obtener y conocer las acciones más importantes de las redes sociales que influyen en el proceso de compra. Estos últimos datos fueron analizados con procedimientos estadísticos. Finalmente , se concluyó que las acciones de redes sociales que influyen en el proceso de compra de de un millennial son la información de descuentos, precios bajos, tendencias en moda y publicidad mostrada en estas plataformas. / In recent years new technologies and facilities for companies in digital media have been emerging. The consumer is highly demanding and quite informed. Companies are not limited to the sale of products in traditional media, but rather they have diversified their strategies to digital media to adapt to the needs of consumers. According to the aforementioned, the present research seeks to identify and explain what are the actions of the social networks that influence the millennial purchasing process in the textile industry of department stores in Metropolitan Lima. For the present investigation, information from updated secondary sources has been used, related to department stores, the textile industry, the consumer purchasing process, the millennials profile,the social networks situation in global and national level. Likewise, qualitative information was obtained through in-depth interviews, experts interviews in the textile industry and social networks. In the same way, personal interviews were conducted with consumers with the appropriate profile to obtain relevant information for the investigation. On the other hand, quantitative information was obtained through surveys of consumers in zone 7 of Metropolitan Lima in order to obtain and know the most important actions of social networks that influence the purchasing process. These last data were analyzed with statistical procedures. Finally, it was concluded that the social network actions that influence the purchasing process of a millennial are discount information, low prices, fashion trends and advertising displayed on these platforms. / Tesis

The purchasing process has in many ways been affected by the digitalization. As the digital commerce is growing in market shares the physical stores are struggling. The mobile phone has become a central point of purchasing as digital technologies has become an important factor in creating customer value. In addition, social platforms have made an entrance in e-commerce, creating social commerce. First by being a platform for information and inspiration. But with recent launches the social platforms are releasing functions to in a wider sense boost selling activities and creating application design for a more seamless shopping experience. At the same time Influencer marketing is a rapidly growing industry that businesses invest more in every year.  The purpose of this thesis is to create a better understanding for social commerce as business model and how the functionality supports and limits the interaction between commercial actors and the private users in activities of the purchasing process. The question was investigated based on the perspective of the relationship between commercial actors and their followers. Where design is studied based on factors of functionality, usability and sociability in relation to purchases- and sales activities. The study will also focus on how the framework is set for the activity and interaction that takes place on the social platform in social commerce.To answer the research question, a netnography was performed and though observations of businesses and influencers Instagram accounts, to conduct a mainly qualitative data acquisition. Where the purpose is to observe the behavior and activities that occurs on the platform and set them i relation to the technical aspects of the platform.The results of this thesis show that the commercial actors; businesses and influencers have different strategies supporting their commercial interests on the social platform: The Seamless strategy (businesses) and the Social strategy (influencers). Both supported by the platforms functionalities, the businesses, business model tend to be more vulnerable to the potential changed conditions that the platform's framework entails.

The construction industry in Sweden today are facing a major challenge in building society and following the pace of population growth. Rising material prices are today a fact, and at the same time there is a lack of capacity at the Swedish suppliers as they are bound up in supplier agreements for the coming years. The largest construction companies in Sweden have been working strategically with international suppliers for a long time to increase their margins and to secure their material needs. BTH Bygg AB is today a company that builds, renovates and maintains real estate in Stockholm. The company has expanded in recent years and is committed to strong growth by 2020. Work on international purchasing has previously been limited to BTH Bygg, but this type of purchase is today seen as a necessity to continued growth and to be competitive in that part of Sweden where most is built. The purpose of this study is to analyze BTH Bygg's existing purchasing process to further develop and propose improvements with international procurement as a starting point. The study has been conducted with the help of interviews to get a complete picture of the issues of international purchasing. BTH Bygg AB has a strong organization with a lot of experience related to the subject area, and focus has been on compiling these in order to come up with suggestions and ideas on how to handle international purchases. Recommendations are focused on areas related to supplier assessment, communication, logistics and product selection. / Byggindustrin i Sverige står idag inför en stor utmaning i att bygga samhället och följa med i den takt som populationsökningen kräver. Stigande materialpriser är idag ett faktum och samtidigt finns det många gånger en avsaknad av kapacitet hos de svenska leverantörerna då de är uppbundna i leverantörsavtal för kommande år. De största byggbolagen i Sverige arbetar sen lång tid tillbaka strategiskt med internationella leverantörer för att öka sina marginaler och för att säkra sitt materialbehov. BTH Bygg AB är idag ett företag som bygger, renoverar och underhåller fastigheter i Stor-Stockholm. Företaget har expanderat de senaste åren och de satsar på en stark tillväxt fram till år 2020. Arbetet med internationella inköp har tidigare varit begränsat på BTH Bygg, men denna typ av inköp ses idag som en nödvändighet för att fortsätta växa och vara konkurrenskraftiga i den del av Sverige det byggs mest. Syftet med denna studie är att analysera BTH Byggs existerande inköpsprocess för att vidareutveckla och föreslå förbättringar med internationella upphandlingar som utgångspunkt. Studien har utförts med hjälp av intervjuer för att få en samlad bild kring de frågor som finns vid internationella inköp. BTH Bygg AB besitter en stark organisation med mycket erfarenheter kopplade till ämnesområdet och fokus har legat på att sammanställa dessa för att komma med förslag och idéer kring hur de internationella inköpen ska hanteras. Rekommendationerna fokuseras till områden kopplade till leverantörsbedömning, kommunikation, logistik samt val av produkt.

Den svenska onlinehandeln har fått en kraftig tillväxt inom modesektorn med en returfrekvens på 35-40% under de senaste åren. Yngre generationer anses både handla och returnera mycket kläder online. Det finns dock skillnader mellan beteenden inom generationen Z vilket gör det intressant att undersöka dessa motsättningar. Syftet med studien är därför att undersöka bakomliggande orsaker till returbeteendet för generation Z. Studien utgår huvudsakligen ifrån teorin Consumer Behaviour Characteristics av Klas Hjort men kompletteras också av andra teorier. En expertintervju har dessutom genomförts med Hjort för att utöka förståelsen för teorin. Fem semistrukturerade intervjuer i kombination med 105 strukturerade intervjuer har utgjort det empiriska datamaterialet för denna studie. Resultatet av studien har delats upp i tre delar och diskuteras i kombination med den teoretiska referensramen. Studien bekräftar delvis tidigare forskning samt presenterar nya returbeteenden för generation Z. Bland annat identifieras ett fördelsperspektiv där konsumenten eftersträvar enkla köp- och returprocesser. Ytterligare är passforms- och storleksrelaterade problem de mest förekommande returorsakerna för den undersökta generationen. Slutligen visar resultatet att det finns ett samband mellan olika returorsaker och när i onlineköpprocessen som konsumenten bestämmer sig för att returnera. / The Swedish e-commerce market of fashion has grown rapidly during the last years with a return frequency of 35-40%. The younger generations are known to both consume and return clothes to a great extent. However, there are many behavioural differences within generation Z, which makes the contradictions highly interesting to examine. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine the underlying causes that affect the return behaviour of generation Z. The study is in Swedish and is mainly based on a theory called Consumer Behaviour Characteristics by Klas Hjort and other complementary theoretical perspectives. An expert interview was conducted with Hjort to elaborate the knowledge of the theory. Five semistructured interviews were conducted in addition to 105 structured interviews, which in all constitutes the empirical data for this study. The result of the study is divided into three parts and discussed with the theoretical perspective in mind. The study partially confirms previous research and presents new behaviours regarding returns for generation Z. The result shows an advantage perspective that has been identified where the consumer demands easy purchase and return processes. Furthermore, fit and size problems are the main reasons for frequent returns within the investigated generation. The result of the report conclusively states a connection between underlying causes for returns and when the respondent decides to make the return.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Georgina Somaio Teixeira Sala.pdf: 1441305 bytes, checksum: 5cd61193d0978d66febab8a489c2f25b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-11 / The study presents a research about the attitude of the consumer in the buying process of regional brands of soft drinks, also known as brand B. An overview of the soft drinks market in Brazil is drawn, measuring size, characteristics, trends, strategies and players in this sector. A survey from secondary sources, has the leading brands and regional operating in this market, as well as their respective operational strategies. It also presents the profile and aspirations of consumers with low income, primary target audience of regional brands. Completing the study, a quantitative field research is applied to a sample of 290 consumers in the city of Araçatuba, located in São Paulo. We investigated factors influencing the decision to buy soft drinks, attributes relevant to the choice of soft drink brands, the brands acquired in this region, frequency and locations to purchase, beyond the mechanisms re-branding / O estudo apresenta uma investigação em torno da atitude do consumidor no processo de compra de refrigerantes de marcas regionais, também conhecidas como marcas B. Um panorama do mercado de refrigerantes no Brasil é traçado, mensurando tamanho, características, evolução, estratégias e players deste setor. Um levantamento, a partir de fontes secundárias, apresenta as marcas líderes e regionais que atuam neste mercado, bem como suas respectivas estratégias de atuação. Também apresenta o perfil e aspirações do consumidor de baixa renda, público-alvo principal das marcas regionais. Completando o estudo, uma pesquisa de campo quantitativa é aplicada a uma amostra de 290 consumidores na cidade de Araçatuba, localizada no estado de São Paulo. Foram investigados os fatores influenciadores na decisão de compra de refrigerantes, os atributos relevantes para a escolha das marcas de refrigerantes, as marcas mais compradas nesta região, frequência e locais de compra, além dos mecanismos de mudança de marca

För många resenärer är internet den främsta källan att använda sig av vid bokning av resor och turismtjänster. Detta har i sin tur bidragit till nya sätt att samla information på inom turismbranschen. Ett av dessa sätt är via recensioner som är internetbaserade, även kallat elektronisk word of mouth (eWOM). Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om eWOM uppfattas trovärdigt nog för att ha inflytande på köpprocessen vid bokning av boende. Studien är baserad på teorier som behandlar köpbeslutsprocessen, eWOMs egenskaper, hur eWOM kan utvärderas, positiva och negativa recensioner samt falska recensioner. Utifrån dessa teorier har en kvalitativ forskningsmetod tillämpats genom åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjufrågorna bestod av tre till åtta frågor per teman utifrån teorierna nämnda ovan. Studiens urval är baserat på att endast undersöka webbplatsen Tripadvisor, privatresenärer som reser minst två gånger per år och som vid något tillfälle har använt sig av Tripadvisor. Resultatet indikerar att respondenterna har en positiv syn till eWOM och det är en del av deras köpbeslutsprocess vid bokning av boende dock är det inte den enda källan som de använder sig av för att komma fram till ett beslut. Kommunikationssättet är ett smidigt sätt att samla information på och trots att det sprids anonymt anses det inte vara tvivelaktigt. Resultatet visar även att det är viktigt att se om recensionerna överensstämmer med varandra samt att läsa både positiva och negativa recensioner. / The internet is for many travelers the main source for booking trips and tourism services, which has contributed to new ways of gathering information in the tourism industry. One of these ways is through onlinebased reviews, also called electronic word of mouth (eWOM). The aim of this study is to contribute with knowledge if eWOM is perceived to be credible enough to influence the purchasing process when booking accommodation. This study adopts theories that illustrates the purchasing decision process, electronic word of mouth's characteristics, how eWOM can be evaluated, positive and negative reviews as well as fake reviews. Based on these theories a qualitative research method has been applied containing eight semistructured interviews. The interview questions consisted of three to eight questions per theme based on the mentioned theories. The study's selection is based on the website Tripadvisor and private travelers who travel at least twice a year and have used Tripadvisor before. The result indicates that the participated respondents have a positive view of eWOM and it is part of their purchasing decision-making process when booking accommodation, however, it is not the only information source they use. According to the respondents the communication method is a convenient way of gathering information and despite being spread anonymously it is not considered to be doubtful. The result also shows that it is important to evaluate if the reviews are consistent with each other and it is significant to read both positive and negative reviews.