Le traitement automatique des données complexes et variées est un processus fondamental dans les applications d'extraction d'information. L'explosion combinatoire dans la composition des textes journalistiques et l'évolution du vocabulaire rend la tâche d'extraction d'indicateurs sémantiques, tel que les entités nommées, plus complexe par les approches symboliques. Les modèles stochastiques structurels tel que les champs conditionnels aléatoires (CRF) permettent d'optimiser des systèmes d'extraction d'information avec une importante capacité de généralisation. La première contribution de cette thèse est consacrée à la définition du contexte optimal pour l'extraction des régularités entre les mots et les annotations dans la tâche de reconnaissance d'entités nommées. Nous allons intégrer diverses informations dans le but d'enrichir les observations et améliorer la qualité de prédiction du système. Dans la deuxième partie nous allons proposer une nouvelle approche d'adaptation d'annotations entre deux protocoles différents. Le principe de cette dernière est basé sur l'enrichissement d'observations par des données générées par d'autres systèmes. Ces travaux seront expérimentés et validés sur les données de la campagne ESTER. D'autre part, nous allons proposer une approche de couplage entre le niveau signal représenté par un indice de la qualité de voisement et le niveau sémantique. L'objectif de cette étude est de trouver le lien entre le degré d'articulation du locuteur et l'importance de son discours / Recent researches in Information Extraction are designed to extract fixed types of information from data. Sequence annotation systems are developed to associate structured annotations to input data presented in sequential form. The named entity recognition (NER) task consists of identifying and classifying every word in a document into some predefined categories such as person name, locations, organizations, and dates. The complexity of the NER is largely related to the definition of the task and to the complexity of the relationships between words and the semantic associated. Our first contribution is devoted to solving the NER problem using discriminative graphical models. The proposed approach investigates the use of various contexts of the words to improve recognition. NER systems are fixed in accordance with a specific annotation protocol. Thus, new applications are developed for new protocols. The challenge is how we can adapt an annotation system which is performed for a specific application to other target application? We will propose in this work an adaptation approach of sequence labelling task based on annotation enrichment using conditional random fields (CRF). Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperform rules-based approach in NER task. Finally, we propose a multimodal approach of NER by integrating low level features as contextual information in radio broadcast news data. The objective of this study is to measure the correlation between the speaker voicing quality and the importance of his speech

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This thesis is dedicated to issues of criminal liability of legal entities. Act no. 418/2011 Sb., Act on Criminal Liability of Legal Persons and Proceedings Against Them (hereinafter as "the Act") came into force on January 1th , 2012. Adopting appropriate legislation Czech Republic not only met its international commitments, but also reacted to the fact that legal entities are becoming an instrument for committing serious types and forms of crime. The aim of this thesis is the analysis of the terms of criminal responsibility of the legal entities in context, taking into account strengths and weaknesses of the effective legal regulation. Studying the general issues of the offense responsibility of legal entities is the precondition for submitting integrated analyses of this specific section of the Act. This thesis is divided into three parts, which are formed by chapters, its sections and subsections. The first part is dedicated to the theoretical issues of criminal responsibility of legal entities among which are the conceptions of the offence responsibility of legal entities and arguments for and against introduction of criminal responsibility of legal entities. The second part of the thesis follows up the course to adoption of the Act, focuses on the object of the new statutory regulation, and on its...

Legal regime of a group company after recodification of private law in the CR This master thesis is devoted to the group of companies law in a broader sense of the business groups, including the terms influential entity and influence, after the recodification of private law in the Czech Republic. The thesis is composed of seven chapters. Chapter one briefly characterizes the term group of companies law, its two main models of regulation - the German and French approach, including the Rozenblum concept and a comparison of these two models. Subsequently, it presents the European regulation of the group of companies, along with its development and impact on the legal systems of the member states of the European Union. Lastly, a legal basis of the new legislation in the Business Corporations Act is considered. Chapter two describes certain legal terms of the Business Corporations Act, in terms of acting in concert and majority member. Chapter three defines the term and the characters of the group of companies in the sense of the business groups, and it also points to the reasons why the grouping occurs. Chapter four explores the essential elements of influential entity and influence as an institute that is applied within the particular types of the group of companies. In connection with the term...

Resume Criminal liability of legal entities is relatively new institute in continental legal culture and the Czech republic was one of the last countries in Europe that accepted this concept. In addition, this concept was introduced not by the conviction of its necessity, but for reasons of international policy. Criminal liability of legal entities, however, was introduced to Czech law by Act no. 418/2011 Sb., on Criminal Liability of Legal Entities and their Prosecution. Therefore it is necessary to deal with this issue. The aim of this thesis is to make a comprehensive analysis of the Act on Criminal Liability of Legal Entities and their Prosecution, to analyze its most important provisions, as well as to define the provisions which are considered problematic, together with proposals for amendments and further innovation of current legislation. The first chapter defines the concept of legal entity that the Act on Criminal Liability of Legal Entities and their Prosecution doesn't define itself. The second chapter contains a summary of the events that led to the adoption of the Act, further consideration about the models of liability of legal entities and mentions the main arguments for and against adopting the Act. The third chapter provides an analysis of the Act, its structure and defines new principles...

Cette thèse travaille sur l'agir collectif des encadrantes de la petite enfance dans les établissements d'accueil collectif du jeune enfant. Elle élabore une intelligibilité du processus du "travailler ensemble, à partir des conditions du surgissement et de sa mise en visibilité. L'enjeu de notre recherche est d'établir un dialogue entre l'éducation et le travail questionnant la créativité du travail collectif par le jeu des Sciences de l’Éducation et des concepts de l'approche ergologique et de la psychodynamique du travail. L'accent est mis sur la création de nouvelles manières de faire en situation d'activités festives. A partir de questionnaires et d'entretiens, il a été montré que lors de ces activités, les encadrantes nouent des liens de coopération avec l'équipe et avec d'autres acteurs. Dans ces moments-là, les nouvelles manières deviennent visibles et se traduisent entre autre, par un changement de regard sur l'autorité. Ces encadrantes reçoivent divers signes de reconnaissance. La convocation du concept d'"entité collective relativement pertinente" nous permet de mieux appréhender le passage de l'équipe à des collectifs à géométrie variable. Cette recherche met l'accent sur le rôle joué par l'encadrement intermédiaire et questionne la construction d'une nouvelle identité professionnelle qui pourrait être celle d'"accueillante éducative". / This thesis works on collective action framing early chilldhood in institutions care of young children.It develops an intelligible process of "working together", from the conditions of the emergence and development of its visibility.The aim of our research is to establish a dialogue between educatin and workby questioning the creativity of the collective work by the play of Educational Sciences and concepts of the approach ergologic and the psychodynamics of work.The emphasis is on creating new ways of doing in a situation of festive activities.From questionnaires and interwiews, it was shown that during these activities, flanking establish ties of cooperation with the team and with other actors.in these times, new ways to besome visible and result in another, for a change of outlook on authority.These boxes are various signs of recognition.The convening of the concept of "collective entity relatively relevant" allows us to better understand the transition team to collective variable geometry.This research focuses on the role played by middle management and questions the construction of a new professional identity to be that of "welcoming educational".

[pt] Sistemas de recomendação têm sido amplamente utilizados pelos grandes portais na Web, em decorrência do aumento do volume de dados disponíveis na Web. Tais sistemas são basicamente utilizados para sugerir informações relevantes para os seus usuários. Esta dissertação apresenta um sistema de recomendação de segundo nível para auxiliar equipes de jornalistas de portais de notícias no processo de recomendação de notícias relacionadas para os usuários do portal. O sistema é chamado de segundo nível pois apresenta recomendações aos jornalistas para que, por sua vez, geram recomendações aos usuários do portal. O modelo seguido pelo sistema consiste na recomendação de notícias relacionadas com base em características extraídas do próprio texto da notícia original. As características extraídas permitem a criação de consultas contra um banco de dados de notícias anteriormente publicadas. O resultado de uma consulta é uma lista de notícias candidatas à recomendação, ordenada pela similaridade com a notícia original e pela data de publicação, que o editor da notícia original manualmente processa para gerar a lista final de notícias relacionadas. / [en] Recommendation systems are widely used by major Web portals due to the increase in the volume of data available on the Web. Such systems are basically used to suggest information relevant to their users. This dissertation presents a second-level recommendation system, which aims at assisting the team of journalists of a news Web portal in the process of recommending related news for the users of the Web portal. The system is called second level since it creates recommendations to the journalists Who, in turn, generate recommendations to the users. The system follows a model based on features extracted from the text itself. The extracted features permit creating queries against a news database. The query result is a list of candidate news, sorted by score and date of publication, which the news editor manually processes to generate the final list of related news.

O presente trabalho sustenta que as pessoas jurídicas de direito público são titulares de direitos da personalidade, inclusive a honra subjetiva, naqueles aspectos ou manifestações concretas compatíveis com o modo transindividual com que representam o ser humano. / This study sustains that legal entities of public law are entitled to personality rights, including subjective honor, in those aspects or concrete manifestations that are compatible with the transindividual manner by which they represent natural persons.

A Arquitetura TCP/IP consolidou-se como padrão nas redes de computadores e permanece em crescente expansão de uso. Apesar de seus protocolos principais terem sido especificados há cerca de 30 anos, ainda permanecem como os mais utilizados nas camadas 3 e 4 devido à sua alta qualidade de projeto, que resultou em elevada eficiência e flexibilidade de uso. A organização do TCP/IP em camadas, com especificações pelo IETF, consolidou-se na década de 1980, quando também tornou-se padrão o modelo de referência OSI, da ISO. Posteriormente, o TCP/IP firmou-se, de fato, como o padrão de protocolos para as redes de computadores e com maior utilização sobre o conjunto de protocolos da ISO e de outras instituições de padronização, visto que a Internet tornou-se o maior sistema aberto interconectado e há poucas redes que utilizam os protocolos OSI, embora vários sistemas abertos sejam baseados em seu modelo de referência em camadas. Há extensas pesquisas e discussões voltadas para alternativas de evolução desta arquitetura e, nesta área de estudos, este trabalho define o Modelo de Título para a próxima geração de Internet. Modelo este que permite a unificação de diferentes tipos de endereços utilizados, com possibilidade de reduzir as complexidades das redes de computadores e melhorar o suporte às necessidades de comunicação dessas redes. A partir de uma visão ontológica sobre as redes de computadores e as necessidades de comunicação no uso destas, este trabalho contribui para a evolução tecnológica da comunicação em rede, com melhoria no atendimento de tais necessidades pela aproximação semântica entre a camada superior e as inferiores. A possibilidade de contribuição nessa área da ciência motiva esta pesquisa, que também apresenta a ontologia do Modelo de Título para formalizar a compreensão semântica e o suporte às necessidades das entidades de comunicação, bem como suas possíveis alterações, conforme o contexto. / The TCP/IP architecture has become a standard on computer networks and remains in growing expansion of use. Despite its key protocols have been specified 30 years ago, they still remain the most used in layers 3 and 4, due to its high quality design, which resulted in high efficiency and flexibility of use. The TCP/IP layers model from the IETF has established itself in the 80\'s, when also has became a standard the OSI reference model from the ISO. Subsequently, the TCP/IP has become, the fact, the standard with greater use over the set of ISO protocols and the other institutions of standardization, since the Internet has become the largest open system interconnected and there are few networks that use OSI protocols, although several open systems are based on its layers reference model. Moreover, there is extensive research and discussions in alternatives for the evolution of this architecture and, in this study area, this Thesis defines the Title Model for the next generation Internet. This model allows the unification of the different types of addresses, with the possibility of reducing the complexities of computer networks and better support to the communication needs in computer networks. Based in one ontological view on computer networks and the needs in its use, this study has the intention to contribute to the technological evolution of network communication in order to better meet the entities communication needs and approximate the upper and lower layers. The possibility to contribute in this technological area motivates this research that also presents the ontology for the title model to increase the semantic comprehension for the support of the entities needs and their possible changes in the context.

O presente trabalho sustenta que as pessoas jurídicas de direito público são titulares de direitos da personalidade, inclusive a honra subjetiva, naqueles aspectos ou manifestações concretas compatíveis com o modo transindividual com que representam o ser humano. / This study sustains that legal entities of public law are entitled to personality rights, including subjective honor, in those aspects or concrete manifestations that are compatible with the transindividual manner by which they represent natural persons.