Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2017-09-22T13:01:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Anna Caroline Lopes Correia Lima Lisboa.pdf: 1348912 bytes, checksum: 82c813558d7f544065f7a8b1ca5301f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-22T13:01:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anna Caroline Lopes Correia Lima Lisboa.pdf: 1348912 bytes, checksum: 82c813558d7f544065f7a8b1ca5301f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-08 / This study aims to address some aspects related to rural sugarcane workers. The first of these is the reality experienced by these workers, being exposed daily, the risks that can harm your health and even their lives, as in the case of the use of pesticides. The second strand of study is on how the current law operates to reduce these risks and while those security guarantor rural workers. And the third aspect is related to the role of employers by the principle of prevention and precaution, considering their responsibility by the safety workplace and health conditions of their employees. Motivated by the reality experienced by rural workers and so many episodes have occurred, including loss of life on the part of these professionals, due to the to lack of safety and healthiness in the workplace, is problematic and objective research demonstrate the risk of rural workers in the sugarcane sector, the rules of law in relation to such risks, as well as the role of the employer against the principles of prevention and precaution of the risk involving these workers and the use of pesticides. To better understand this purpose, the specific objectives were based on the approach of pesticides, in labor laws and worker protection and the reality experienced by rural sugarcane workers; in the work environment of this context and on the responsibility of employers about to the prevention and precaution. For that, used bibliographical research and exploratory / Este estudo tem como propósito tratar de algumas vertentes ligadas aos trabalhadores rurais sucroalcooleiros. A primeira delas é a realidade vivida por esses trabalhadores, estando expostos, diariamente, a riscos que podem prejudicar sua saúde e suas vidas, como no caso do uso de agrotóxicos. A segunda vertente de estudo está em como a legislação vigente atua para a redução desses riscos e enquanto garantidora de segurança a esses trabalhadores rurais. E a terceira vertente está relacionada ao papel dos empregadores junto ao princípio da prevenção e da precaução, considerando sua responsabilidade junto à segurança do trabalho e às condições de saúde de seus empregados. Motivada pela realidade vivida pelos trabalhadores rurais e os episódios já ocorridos de perda da vida por parte desses profissionais, devido à falta de segurança e salubridade no ambiente de trabalho, apresenta-se como problemática e objetivo da pesquisa demonstrar o risco dos trabalhadores rurais no setor sucroalcooleiro, as regulamentações da Lei em relação a tais riscos, bem como o papel do empregador frente aos princípios de prevenção e precaução dos riscos envolvendo esses trabalhadores e o uso de agrotóxicos. Para melhor entender esse propósito, os objetivos específicos firmaram-se na abordagem dos agrotóxicos, nas leis trabalhistas e de proteção ao trabalhador e na realidade vivida pelos trabalhadores rurais sucroalcooleiros; na aplicabilidade das normas advindas do direito ambiental quando houver o desequilíbrio do meio ambiente do trabalho, atraindo a responsabilidade objetiva do empregador e a imposição dos princípios da precaução e prevenção. Para tanto, utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória.

Le Chapitre 1 propose un survol de la littérature consacrée à l'éco-innovation. A la lumière des travaux passés en revue, l'éco-innovation n’est pas encore un concept bien stabilisé : sa définition même continue d'évoluer, appelant des corrections et des précisions. Ce chapitre accorde une attention particulière au rôle de la règlementation, qui est souvent présentée dans la littérature comme un déterminant essentiel de l'éco-innovation, notamment quand l'innovation concerne un procédé de fabrication. Une controverse demeure à ce propos, en particulier quand la règlementation repose sur des normes environnementales peu contraignantes, voire facultatives (telle la norme ISO 14001). Le processus de diffusion de l'éco-innovation est un autre objet de controverse dans la littérature.[...]. Le Chapitre 2 va donc s'intéresser au premier point de controverse, à savoir le rôle des règlementations environnementales ayant une dimension facultative, comme les normes de type ISO 14001. A l'aide d'une analyse par appariement sur les scores de propension, nous examinons l'effet de l'adoption de normes de type ISO 140001 sur la performance des entreprises (mesurée à partir de la Valeur Ajoutée).[...] Le Chapitre 3 s'intéresse à savoir le processus de diffusion de l'éco-innovation. En raison des contraintes posées par les données disponibles, cette investigation se fait du point de vue des barrières à, et des déterminants de, l'innovation environnementale.[...] Le Chapitre 4 exploitant les données des Enquêtes Communautaires sur l'Innovation de 2008 (CIS 2008), qui contiennent un module spécifiquement dédié à l’éco-innovation. Ainsi, à la différence du chapitre 3, nous établissons – à l'aide du module spécifique de l'enquête – une typologie originale permettant de distinguer, parmi les entreprises éco-innovantes: (1) les entreprises adoptant une éco-innovation de manière passive, (2) les entreprises adoptant tardivement une éco-innovation de manière stratégique, (3) les entreprises adoptant précocement une éco-innovation de manière stratégique, (4) les éco-innovateurs stratégiques tardifs et (5) les éco-innovateurs stratégiques précoces.[...] / Environmental innovation or eco-innovation is considered one of the most significant paradigm shifts in the innovation behaviour. The specificity of eco innovation lies in the fact that environmental improvement, in addition to technological advancement, is the main reason of its development. By combining these two objectives, eco-innovation has become one of primary tools in the search to solve the world’s environmental problems and sustainability challenges. Despite its prevalence, there is still more to be discovered within the eco-innovation literature. The drivers of and barriers to eco-innovation discussion is one of the most significant amongst all. More notably, the role of a firm’s social, technological, economic and organizational characteristics within the eco-innovation process has been little studied. With this Ph.D. thesis we aim to fill the existing gap with four distinct research articles. [...] Chapter 2 investigates, firstly, whether firms’ internal characteristics have an impact on the adoption of voluntary environmental standards. Secondly, the causal effect of adoption of environmental standards on the firms performance. Based on the empirical evidence obtained, we show that medium-size, high-tech manufacturing firms operating at the EU level and using quality standards are more likely to adopt these standards earlier. [...] In Chapter 3, we stressed the significance of a firm’s structural characteristics in another context and aimed at investigating the role these characteristics play in realization of product and/or process eco-innovation. [...] In Chapter 4 we moved forward the analyses conducted in Chapter 3 to another context and examined the influence of firm’s economic, technological, organisational capabilities on the eco-innovation behaviour for different types of product, process, organisational or marketing eco-innovators. The results of our empirical analyses point out the marginal impacts of firm’s characteristics changes with respect to type of eco-innovator. [...]

Os problemas socioambientais enfrentados na atualidade apresentam novos desafios para a Educação Ambiental e para o Direito Ambiental. Dentre eles, destaca-se a necessidade de efetivação de ações e políticas públicas voltadas à ampliação do acesso a conhecimentos e práticas que contribuam para a emancipação, empoderamento e potencialização de pessoas e grupos para a participação em processos decisórios. Participação esta, que engloba desde a mudança individual de atitudes até o engajamento com causas políticas e socioambientais em benefício de toda a coletividade. No entanto, para que a participação popular ocorra de forma equilibrada e justa no sentido de corrigir possíveis injustiças sociais, seja bem informada e crítica para afastar qualquer possibilidade de manipulação, e apresente resultados efetivos de modo a não desmotivar os envolvidos nos diferentes processos participativos-democráticos, demonstra-se necessária a apropriação por parte dos cidadãos de mecanismos voltados ao controle social e ao melhor acesso à justiça. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho propôs-se a buscar contribuições provenientes da literatura e da doutrina dos campos do Direito Ambiental e da Educação Ambiental e a efetuar consultas junto a especialistas e participantes de iniciativas-piloto (cursos, oficinas e palestras) promovidas dentro da proposta de interface entre estas duas áreas do saber. Com a triangulação dos resultados obtidos e a realização de análises sobre questões relevantes surgidas no decorrer da pesquisa, concluiu-se que o desenvolvimento de práticas educativas que dialoguem com os preceitos da Educação Ambiental crítica e emancipatória e com os princípios, normas e instrumentos correlatos ao Direito Ambiental, efetuado de maneira contextualizada com os diversos aspectos relacionados às questões socioambientais, pode trazer grandes contribuições para o enfrentamento dos problemas socioambientais e configurar-se como um caminho promissor para a construção participativa de políticas públicas estruturantes voltadas ao estabelecimento de sociedades cada vez mais sustentáveis e justas. Dentre os potenciais benefícios vislumbrados com a implementação de tais políticas públicas, destacam-se: aumento da compreensão sobre as estruturas do Estado, acordos sociais e normas relacionadas à proteção ambiental; valorização das medidas preventivas de danos ao meio ambiente; internalização dos conceitos de direitos, deveres e responsabilidades compartilhadas e diferenciadas entre os diversos setores da sociedade; estímulo à análise crítica dos contextos em que se inserem as questões socioambientais; maior acesso à informação e à justiça em matéria de meio ambiente; diminuição na ocorrência de ilícitos ambientais e aumento da punição aos infratores de forma exemplar; manutenção da biodiversidade e dos processos ecológicos; revisão de atos e atitudes individuais e coletivas; auxílio na construção participativa de novos conhecimentos com o envolvimento de educadores e educandos; compreensão da importância do engajamento político e social para o benefício da coletividade; aumento do monitoramento da sociedade pela própria sociedade; e manutenção dos avanços legislativos já alcançados pelo País. / The environmental problems faced in our days present new challenges for Environmental Education and Environmental Law. Among them, we highlight the need for effective actions and intended to broaden access to knowledge and practices that contribute to the emancipation and empowerment of individuals and groups to participate in decision-making process. This kind of participation includes individual changes of attitudes and engagement with political and environmental causes for the benefit of the whole community. However, for the occurrence of popular participation in a balanced and fair way to correct social injustices, with the guarantee for the people of being well informed and able to avoid any possibility of manipulation, some mechanisms are required to increase social control and to improve the access to justice. In this context, the present study aimed to seek contributions from literature and doctrine related to Environmental Law and Environmental Education and also worked with the proposal to listen the opinions and reports of experiences from experts and participants of pilot initiatives (courses , workshops and lectures) promoted under the proposed of interface between these two fields of knowledge. With the method called triangulation of results and by conducting analyzes on relevant issues arising in the course of the study, the researcher was able to conclude that the development of educational practices that follow the principles of critical reflections and emancipatory actions related to the Environmental Education, and at the same time, adopting the principles, standards and tools that guide the Environmental Law issues, it is possible to bring important contributions to dealing with environmental problems and to increase the public participation in the construction of structural policies aimed at establishing sustainable societies. The potential benefits achieved with the implementation of this kind of public policy include: increasing the understanding about the state structures, social arrangements and laws related to environmental protection; enhancement of preventive actions to avoid environmental damages; internalization of the concepts of rights, duties and responsibilities shared among the different sectors of society; encouragement of the practice of critical analysis in the contexts that social and environmental issues are operated; improving access to information and justice in environmental matters; decreasing occurrence of environmental offenses and increasing punishment for offenders; maintenance of biodiversity and ecological processes; revision of individual and collective actions; aid in the construction of new knowledge with participation of researchers, teachers and students; increasing the understanding about the importance of political and social participation for the benefit of the whole community; improving the practice of monitoring and protecting environmental issues by the citizens; and maintenance of legislative progress already achieved by the Country.

In the thesis researches of overall performance of the polymerization furnace of Uralasbest plant are executed. The existing thermal scheme and a design of the furnace is considered, thermal calculation is carried out and technical solutions on improvement of thermal and ecological characteristics of the furnace operation are proposed. Researches showed that ecological characteristics mineral-wool production doesn't satisfy to requirements to environmental standards, and for decrease in emissions of nitrogen oxides more effective burner system is proposed. On the basis of the executed measurements and balance calculations technical actions on decrease in thermal losses with the leaving gases are offered. / В диссертации выполнены исследования эффективности работы печи полимеризации цеха ОАО «Ураласбест». Рассмотрена существующая тепловая схема и конструкция печи, проведен тепловой расчет и предложены технические решения по совершенствованию тепловых и экологических характеристик работы печи. Исследования показали, что с точки зрения экологических характеристик минераловатное производство не соответствует требованиям к экологическим нормам, и для снижения выбросов оксидов азота предложена более эффективная горелочных система..На основе выполненных измерений и балансовых расчетов предложены технические мероприятия по снижения тепловых потерь с уходящими газами.