Orientador: Regina Célia de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T13:42:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_ValescaCamargosdos_M.pdf: 9188892 bytes, checksum: 98bb17679b7aac2184a950f877d2b204 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A configuração morfológica do litoral brasileiro sofreu influência dos processos de transgressão e regressão marinhas. As ações naturais e antrópicas transformam constantemente a linha de costa, podendo-se citar os ventos e marés como processos naturais, e o uso e ocupação do solo como feitos antrópicos. O litoral brasileiro possui diversos ecossistemas que se adaptaram às suas condições geológico-geomorfológicas e, da mesma forma, o litoral do Estado de São Paulo, que apresenta uma grande diversidade ambiental. No sul do litoral paulista se encontra o Complexo Estuarino-lagunar de Iguape, Cananéia e Paranaguá, que é uma área rica são somente em biodiversidade como também em cultura tradicional indígena e não-indígena. A Mata Atlântica e seus ecossistemas associados abrigam inúmeras espécies animais e vegetais e também núcleos de caiçaras, com destaque para Ilha Comprida. Essa ilha, que data da época holocênica, passa por um processo de transformação ambiental que é verificado na evolução rápida da sua linha de costa e nos ambientes que vão se adaptando a isso. Os manguezais acabam por absorver essas alterações e, com eles, as comunidades humanas que aí se encontram. Ilha Comprida foi inserida em uma APA (Área de Proteção Ambiental) na década de 1980 para proteger seus ecossistemas e a sua população caiçara, que vê o seu modo de vida alterado em função desses processos naturais e antrópicos por que passa o município. Diante dessa situação, esta pesquisa se propôs a verificar como o núcleo de Pedrinhas, escolhido por que abriga a maior população caiçara de Ilha Comprida, vem sendo influenciado por essas transformações ambientais. Para tal, foi adotada a metodologia desenvolvida por Salvador Carpi Jr. denominada Mapeamento Ambiental Participativo, que estabelece que sejam realizadas algumas atividades com os moradores locais para, posteriormente, ser produzido um material cartográfico que contemple as informações fornecidas em reuniões públicas. Esse material poderá ser utilizado por órgãos públicos e privados e fornecer subsídios para a organização de políticas públicas que considerem as características físicas, biológicas e humanas de Ilha Comprida, incluindo aí o modo de vida tradicional caiçara / Abstract: The morphological configuration of the Brazilian coast influenced the processes of marine transgression and regression. Shares natural and anthropogenic constantly transform the shoreline and may be cited as the winds and tides natural processes, and the use and occupation of land made as anthropogenic. The Brazilian coastline has diverse ecosystems that have adapted to their geological and geomorphological conditions and, similarly, the coast of the state of São Paulo, which has a great environmental diversity. In southern coast of São Paulo is the Estuarine Complex-lagoon Iguape, Cananéia and Paranaguá, which is an area rich in biodiversity are only in culture but also traditional indigenous and non-indigenous. The Atlantic Forest and associated ecosystems are home to several plant and animal species and also caiçaras cores, particularly Ilha Comprida. This island, which dates from the Holocene epoch, undergoes a process of environmental transformation that seen in the rapid evolution of its coastline and in environments ranging adapting to it. Mangroves eventually absorb these changes and, with them, the human communities found there. Ilha Comprida was included in an APA (Environmental Protection Area) in the 1980s to protect its ecosystems and its population caiçara who sees their way of life changed in response to these natural and anthropogenic processes experienced by the municipality. Given this situation, this research sought to establish as the core of Pedrinhas, chosen by housing the largest population caiçara of Ilha Comprida, has been influenced by these environmental changes. To this end, we adopted the methodology developed by Salvador Carpi Jr. called Participatory Environmental Mapping, which states that some activities are carried out with local residents to be subsequently produced a cartographic material comprising the information provided at public meetings. This material could be used by public and private agencies and provide support for the organization of public policies that consider the physical, biological and human of Ilha Comprida, including where the caiçara traditional way of life / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestra em Geografia

No description available.

The current environmental status of the majority of Bermuda’s one hundred sixty-six known caves was investigated. This survey replicated a historical cave study performed in 1983, wherein each was analyzed for positive and negative features. Statistical analysis of the data showed a significant difference between the historical and current survey ratings, with an overall decrease in environmental status. A water quality study was performed on twenty different caves with sea level pools in various locations around the island. Nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and phosphate levels were measured from varying depths in these caves. Fifteen of these caves were also tested for the presence of fecal bacterial contamination. High nitrate levels were discovered in some of the caves, particularly in surface samples. Additionally, bacterial contamination was detected in some caves. No obvious relationship between cave size or location and contamination existed for any of the pollutants sampled. Three separate caves from this group were dived and analyzed using a Hydrolab Sonde 3 Multiprobe Logger to acquire in situ water column data including depth, temperature, pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Each cave studied had its own unique trends in hydrology at varying depths in the water column. A later water sampling study with a randomized experimental design was created and caves were divided into four classes based on size and location. Surface and subsurface samples were gathered from twelve randomly selected caves, three from each class. Each sample was analyzed for nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia concentrations. The results were analyzed using multiple analysis of variance statistics. A significant difference between the nitrate concentrations in the surface and subsurface water samples was discovered. None of the other comparisons were statistically significant. To represent the data visually, a Bermuda Cave and Karst Information System (BeCKIS) was created using the environmental survey data and water quality information. Some of the maps generated highlighted regions where negative environmental impacts on caves were concentrated geographically, thus demonstrating how this geographic information system could be used as a conservation tool.

The current environmental status of the majority of Bermuda’s one hundred sixty-six known caves was investigated. This survey replicated a historical cave study performed in 1983, wherein each was analyzed for positive and negative features. Statistical analysis of the data showed a significant difference between the historical and current survey ratings, with an overall decrease in environmental status. A water quality study was performed on twenty different caves with sea level pools in various locations around the island. Nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and phosphate levels were measured from varying depths in these caves. Fifteen of these caves were also tested for the presence of fecal bacterial contamination. High nitrate levels were discovered in some of the caves, particularly in surface samples. Additionally, bacterial contamination was detected in some caves. No obvious relationship between cave size or location and contamination existed for any of the pollutants sampled. Three separate caves from this group were dived and analyzed using a Hydrolab Sonde 3 Multiprobe Logger to acquire in situ water column data including depth, temperature, pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Each cave studied had its own unique trends in hydrology at varying depths in the water column. A later water sampling study with a randomized experimental design was created and caves were divided into four classes based on size and location. Surface and subsurface samples were gathered from twelve randomly selected caves, three from each class. Each sample was analyzed for nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia concentrations. The results were analyzed using multiple analysis of variance statistics. A significant difference between the nitrate concentrations in the surface and subsurface water samples was discovered. None of the other comparisons were statistically significant. To represent the data visually, a Bermuda Cave and Karst Information System (BeCKIS) was created using the environmental survey data and water quality information. Some of the maps generated highlighted regions where negative environmental impacts on caves were concentrated geographically, thus demonstrating how this geographic information system could be used as a conservation tool.

Residential outdoor schools are multi-day learning camps that provide unique settings in which to deliver environmental education. However, such schools are also very complex to develop and difficult to maintain and operate. Within Canada though, there are many examples of successful outdoor school operations, three of which are considered here: the North Vancouver Outdoor School, the Olympic Park Institute and the Golden Ears Learning Centre. From these case studies lessons can be learned regarding issues such as: land tenureship, program design, staffing options, administrative systems, facility requirements, finance options and abilities to attract students. The discussion of these factors can then be applied to the development of a nation wide network of residential outdoor schools within the framework of Canadian Biosphere Reserves. / Currently there are ten Biosphere Reserves in Canada which, when analyzed, prove to be very adequate sites for environmental education from both physical and social stand points. The Canadian Biosphere Reserve Association is the coordinating body which fosters communication and cooperation between individual Reserves. If a network of residential outdoor schools were to be developed within this association framework, it would serve, both to fulfill the Canadian Biosphere Reserve Associations mandate to support environmental education and would help partially alleviate the lack of adequate environmental education facilities in Canada today.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:17:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6890770 bytes, checksum: 8eed4ab6b5e1e71202f5435269133d20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work, divided into four items, aimed at proposing itineraries for field classes, as a step of environmental study, whose the generator theme focused on environmental problems. The first item sought to characterize of the studied area - the city of João Pessoa - through discussion related to its urban sprawl and the exposure of its natural features. In the second item were exposed the methodological procedures used for the preparation of research and the theoretical axes that justify it. This way, the social issues highlight as essential to the understanding of environmental issues in the cities. Still on this item, another important discussion was performed in order to demonstrate different offers of extra room activities, emphasizing the environmental study as an interdisciplinary practice and its importance for grasping reality. In the third item, we carried out a questionnaires analysis applied to Geography teachers of Middle schools located in the Polo I in the city of João Pessoa. That way, the objective was to understand how local environmental problems are being addressed in geography lessons in basic education. Qualitative analysis of the data resulting from application of these questionnaires provided, among other things, to understand the main barriers encountered in conducting field activities, as well greatest relevance environmental problems. Finally, the fourth item, three scripts were submitted for field classes, as a step of environmental study, which aims to contribute to the understanding of local environmental issues, being discussed the characteristics of some areas in João Pessoa which are characterized by the presence of important social environmental issues, revealed as marks of the urban sprawl process of the city. / O presente trabalho, dividido em quatros itens, objetivou propor roteiros para trabalhos de campo, como etapa de um estudo meio, cujo tema gerador concentrou-se nos problemas ambientais. O primeiro item buscou a caracterização da área de estudo, o município de João Pessoa, através da discussão relacionada à sua expansão urbana e a exposição de seus aspectos naturais. No segundo item foram expostos os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para a construção da pesquisa, bem como os eixos teóricos que fundamentaram a mesma. Nesse momento, destacaram-se as questões sociais como fatores essenciais para a compreensão dos problemas ambientais presentes nas cidades. Ainda nesse item, outra importante discussão foi realizada com o intuído de evidenciar diferentes propostas de atividades extrassala, com ênfase para o estudo do meio como prática interdisciplinar e sua importância para apreensão da realidade. No terceiro item, realizou-se uma análise de questionários aplicados aos professores de Geografia do ensino fundamental II, das escolas do Polo I do município de João Pessoa. Objetivou-se nesse momento, compreender como os problemas ambientais locais estão sendo abordados nas aulas de Geografia da educação básica. A análise qualitativa dos dados resultantes da aplicação desses questionários proporcionou, dentre outras coisas, compreender as principais barreiras encontradas para realização de atividades de campo, assim como os problemas ambientais de maior relevância. Por fim, no quarto item, foram apresentados três roteiros para trabalhos de campo, como etapa de um estudo do meio, cujo objetivo é contribuir para o entendimento dos problemas ambientais locais. Nesse momento, foram discutidas as características de algumas áreas da cidade que se destacam pela presença de importantes questões socioambientais, reveladas como marcas do processo de crescimento urbano desordenado da cidade.

Orientador: Leila da Costa Ferreira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T23:30:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giesbrecht_Mariliad'Ottaviano_M.pdf: 6022251 bytes, checksum: e9d2812061ddbe20fcb84a040362372d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A presente dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo analisar o processo de institucionalização dos chamados Programas de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinares Ambientais, que surgem em importantes universidades brasileiras em meados da década de 1990. Trata-se de programas que empreendem uma prática de pesquisa baseada na noção de que o tema ambiental, enquanto objeto de investigação científica, é interdisciplinar e, portanto, prescinde de um estudo articulado entre as diferentes áreas do conhecimento tais como: as ciências da vida, sociais e da terra. Desta forma, uma análise apurada deste processo, a partir do estudo de diferentes experiências de programas, é necessária na medida em que contribui na compreensão da formação e consolidação de um campo de estudos autônomo que afirma sua identidade intelectual na proposição interdisciplinar da relação ambiente& sociedade / Abstract: The aim of this dissertation is to analyse the institutionalization process that three Interdisciplinary Graduate Programs in Environrnent Studies, created in important Brazilian universities in the 1990s, have undergone. These programs have a research agenda based on the idea that the environment, as a theme for scientific study, is itself interdisciplinary, and therefore needs to be studied from a point of view that integrates life sciences, social sciences and earth sciences. A study ofthese programs' experiences is necessary insofar as it contributes to the understanding of the formation and consolidation of an autonomous field of studies- a field which states its intelectual identity in the interdisciplinary approach to the relationship between environment and society / Mestrado / Mestre em Sociologia

Embora recente em termos históricos, a preocupação de indivíduos e governos quanto à capacidade de suporte do meio, face aos efeitos das intervenções antrópicas e da enorme probabilidade de danos irreparáveis para as condições de todas as formas de vida, implicou na necessidade da gestão dos recursos ambientais e do disciplinamento dessas intervenções, buscando-se instrumentos técnicos e jurídicos adequados. A avaliação de impacto ambiental (AIA) e o licenciamento ambiental com eficaz participação da sociedade, são cruciais para abalizar decisões e garantir um mínimo de sustentabilidade ambiental. A inserção do Brasil nesse contexto se dá com a lei nº 6938/81, que estabelece a Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente (PNMA), porém, ganha corpo na Constituição Federal de 1988, com a exigência sine quan non de prévia elaboração e publicidade do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) para as hipóteses de degradação ambiental significativa. Nada obstante, a Secretaria do Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo edita a Resolução SMA nº 42/94, permitindo o licenciamento subsidiado apenas em um incógnito Relatório Ambiental Preliminar (RAP), instrumento técnico de elaboração prévia obrigatória, quebrando a aparente harmonia normativa até então vigente. Restou evidenciado neste trabalho que a própria Resolução SMA nº 42/94, assim como o RAP, que não tem seu conteúdo mínimo fixado na regra jurídica que o criou, são objetos de dissensões técnicas e jurídicas que possibilitam o questionamento do procedimento de licenciamento ambiental quanto à sua legitimidade, o que pode levar à anulação da licença ambiental expedida por vício de origem. / Although historically recent, the individual and governmental preoccupation towards the capacity of nature to provide for the human beings, due to their interventions and the enormous probability of irrecoverable damage to the conditions of life for all forms of lives, has engendered the necessity for the orderly management of the natural resources, seeking technical and legalized instruments for the task. The Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), and the environmental licensing, plus the efficient society participation, are crucial to backup decisions and assure a minimum of environmental sustainability. Brazil\'s insertion in this context begins with the Law nº6938/81, which establishes the National Environment Policy (PNMA, in Portuguese), and is enhanced in the Federal Constitution of 1988 by the sine qua non requirement of previous elaboration and publicity of the EIS. Notwithstanding, the rules imposed by the Environmental Office of the Government of São Paulo State (SMA, in Portuguese) Resolution nº 42/94 endorsing the licensing subsidized solely by an incognito Preliminary Environmental Report (RAP, in Portuguese), shattered the seemingly normative harmony existent and became a source for dissensions that make it possible to question the legitimacy of the license issued. It is evinced in this work that the very Resolution SMA nº 42/94, along with the RAP - which has not its minimum contents described by the rule that created it - are subject to technical and juridical dissensions that might give room to the questioning of the environmental licensing as to its legitimacy by a flaw, that might lead to the annulment of the issued license.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T18:20:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Jorge Bezerra da Silva Dias.pdf: 2115580 bytes, checksum: 3a34ce4f0c2ddc77343befca19620e6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Area of Environmental Protection of the Baixada Maranhense is one of the poorest areas economically of the State of Maranhão (Brazil) and lacking with respect to the readiness of information on the municipal districts that compose her. That implicates in a lack of appropriate theoretical-methodological orientation to the perspectives of environmental plannings and of establishment and execution of public politics gone back to the improvement of the conditions of the inhabitants' life. In that sense, a methodological proposal of Environmental Zoning was elaborated applied to the municipal district of Anajatuba (MA), because that space represents a mosaic of the situations physical, ecological and social (in all the senses) of the regional domain in that he/she interferes. They grew recognition studies and of classification of the elements / physical environmental resources (geology, geomorphology), geoecology(typologies of ecosystems) and humans (population evolution). That approach was complemented by the elaboration of the swinging municipal hidrological, which is considered important for sending to the readiness of the waters, in their several compartments, destined to the human provisioning and maintenance of their activities. The crossing of those information indicates which should be the appropriate sustainability strategies for the municipal district. / A Área de Proteção Ambiental da Baixada Maranhense é uma das regiões mais pobres economicamente do Estado do Maranhão (Brasil) e carente no que tange à disponibilidade de informações sobre os municípios que a compõem. Isso implica numa falta de orientação teórico-metodológica adequada às perspectivas de planejamentos ambientais e de estabelecimento e execução de políticas públicas voltadas para a melhoria das condições de vida dos habitantes. Nesse sentido, elaborou-se uma proposta metodológica de Zoneamento Ambiental aplicada ao município de Anajatuba (MA), pois esse espaço representa um mosaico das situações físicas, ecológicas e sociais (em todos os sentidos) do domínio regional em que se insere. Desenvolveram-se estudos de reconhecimento e de classificação dos elementos/recursos ambientais físicos (geologia, geomorfologia), ecogeográficos (tipologias de ecossistemas) e humanos (evolução populacional). Essa abordagem foi complementada pela elaboração do balanço hídrico municipal, o qual é considerado importante por remeter-se à disponibilidade das águas, em seus diversos compartimentos, destinadas ao abastecimento humano e manutenção de suas atividades. O cruzamento dessas informações indica quais devem ser as estratégias de sustentabilidade adequadas para o município.

La spectrométrie gamma à haute résolution offre un outil d’analyse performant pour effectuer des mesurages environnementaux. Dans le cadre de la caractérisation radiologique d’un site (naturelle ou artificielle) ainsi que pour le démantèlement d’installations nucléaires, la cartographie des radionucléides est un atout important. Le principe consiste à déplacer un spectromètre HPGe sur le site à étudier et, à partir des données nucléaires et de positionnements, d’identifier, de localiser et de quantifier les radionucléides présents dans le sol. Le développement de cet outil fait suite à une intercomparaison où un exercice orienté intervention a montré les limites des outils actuels. Une partie de ce travail s’est portée sur la représentation cartographique des données nucléaires. La connaissance des paramètres d’un spectre in situ a permis la création d’un simulateur modélisant la réponse d’un spectromètre se déplaçant au-dessus d’un sol contaminé. Ce simulateur a lui-même permis de développer les algorithmes de cartographie et de les tester dans des situations extrêmes et non réalisables. Ainsi, ce travail ouvre sur la réalisation d’un prototype viable donnant en temps réel les informations nécessaires sur l’identité et la position possible des radionucléides. La recherche réalisée sur la déconvolution des données permet de rendre en post traitement une carte de l’activité du sol par radionucléide mais également une indication sur la profondeur de la source. Le prototype nommé OSCAR (Outil Spectrométrique de Cartographie de Radionucléides) a ainsi été testé sur des sites contaminés (Suisse et Japon) et les résultats obtenus sont en accord avec des mesures de référence. / The high-resolution gamma spectrometry currently provides a powerful analytical tool for performing environmental measurements. In the context of radiological characterization of a site (natural or artificial radioactivity) and for the dismantling of nuclear installations, mapping of radionuclides is an important asset. The idea is to move a HPGe spectrometer to study the site and from nuclear and position data, to identify, to locate and to quantify the radionuclides present in the soil. The development of this tool follows an intercomparaison (ISIS 2007) where an intervention / crisis exercise showed the limits of current tools. The main part of this research project has focused on mapping of nuclear data. Knowledge of the parameters of an in situ spectrum helped to create a simulator modeling the response of a spectrometer moving over contaminated soil. The simulator itself helped to develop algorithms for mapping and to test them in extreme situations and not realizable. A large part of this research leads to the creation of a viable prototype providing real-time information concerning the identity and locality as possible radionuclides. The work performed on the deconvolution of data can make in post processing a map of the activity of radionuclide soil but also an indication of the depth distribution of the source. The prototype named OSCAR was tested on contaminated sites (Switzerland and Japan) and the results are in agreement with reference measurements.