Esta dissertação visa entender as implicações do projeto arquitetônico no momento da execução de obras efêmeras, bem como busca elucidar os paradigmas essenciais a este projeto frente ao estágio avançado de depredação dos meios naturais em que o planeta se encontra. Entretanto, ainda que com a escassez de referências bibliográficas sobre o tema, na busca por esse pensamento analisaremos três pavilhões de verão da Galeria Serpentine executados por arquitetos de grande importância no cenário atual acreditamos que o conceito em arquitetura fica plasmado na obra. A leitura desses objetos, organizados não verbalmente, necessita de um referencial capaz de elucidar a sintaxe do pensamento que o orienta, revelando através de dados icônicos e indiciais o repertório de seu projetista. Neste momento mostra-se fecunda a teoria da semiótica de Charles Sanders Peirce, não apenas para revelar o repertório do arquiteto e os paradigmas de projeto que o orientam, mas também para pesquisar de que maneira estes profissionais materializam seus pensamentos através da linguagem não-verbal da arquitetura. Por outro lado, o que se vê à exaustão em eventos comerciais é a utilização de semelhantes sistemas construtivos industrializados, dos quais o OCTANORM é o mais conhecido, o que garante a continuidade do processo moderno e a elevação da capacidade de montagem e desmontagem como valor principal da obra. As hipóteses aqui levantadas tomam estes sistemas como uma manifestação da continuidade e apontam para outras arquiteturas, ainda efêmeras, mas alheias a essa dinâmica e com especificidades que caracterizam um campo particular de estudo. A base epistemológica deste trabalho veicula muito a semiótica peirciana e a bibliografia fundamental que dá orientação à pesquisa tem origem na filosofia da arquitetura e na psicologia da percepção com diversos teóricos. / This dissertation intends to understand the architectural project implications in the moment of the execution of ephemeral works, and tries to elucidate the essential paradigms to this project due to the advanced stage of depredation found within the planets natural resources. However, even facing a bibliographic shortage on the theme, searching this thought, we will analyze three summer pavilions inside Serpentine Gallery, executed by well-known architects we believe that the concept in architecture remains in this work. The reading of these objects, non-verbally organized, needs a reference capable of elucidating the thought syntax that guides it, revealing the designer repertory through iconic and inkling data. In this moment, Charles Sanders Peirces theory is shown to be abundant, not only to reveal the architectural repertory and the projects paradigms that guide it, but also to find the way that these professionals turn their thoughts into matter through non-verbal architectural language. On the other hand, what is exhaustively seen throughout commercial events is the use of similar industrialized constructive systems, from which OCTANORM is the most known, what guarantees the continuity of the modern process and the elevation of the mounting an dismounting capability as the main value of the work. The hypotheses raised in here consider these systems as a manifestation of continuity and point to other architectures, still ephemeral, but disconnected to this dynamic and owners of specificities that characterize a particular field of study. The basis of this work, regarding the use of epistemology, features peircians semiotics a lot and, the fundamental bibliography, that gives the research an orientation, has its origin in the architecture philosophy and in the psychology of perception defended by many theorists.

Estudo da performance presencial no campo das artes visuais, a partir da análise e interpretação dos efeitos, práticos e teóricos, dos fenômenos estéticos informe e efêmero na produção de sentido e significado de algumas obras. Parte da apresentação, desenvolvimentos e implicações das ações poéticas Memória do Afeto (2000-2005) de Beth Moysés e Desenhando com Terços (2000-2003) de Márcia X, que atuam como fio condutor para as questões teóricas analisadas. Em seguida esclarece os conceitos instrumentais corpo, gênero, ritual e mestiçagem que servem como suportes para as manifestações do informe e do efêmero. Logo após fundamenta que o informe é um fenômeno estético chave na produção de sentido e significado das performances, por seu caráter de ruptura de limites da arte, da forma, das categorias e das convenções. Define o informe a partir das ideias de forma e de transgressão e sustenta que as ações poéticas selecionadas se distinguem como linguagem da diferença. Por fim fundamenta igualmente o efêmero como fenômeno estético essencial na produção de sentido e significado das obras, por seu caráter temporal e suas possibilidades plásticas. E identifica o tempo como elemento estético e como matéria prima das performances. São os cruzamentos teóricos e conceituais entre historiadores da arte, da religião e da cultura, filósofos, antropólogos e sociólogos, entre outros, as bases para dimensionar as performances investigadas. A pesquisa intersecciona diversos campos interdisciplinares que vão fornecer conceitos para pensar a prática artística à luz das abordagens iconológicas, semiológicas e estéticas. Conta com diversas fontes como uma ampla bibliografia interdisciplinar, reportagens de jornais, eventos, registro de artistas e entrevista. Conclui destacando como constatação significativa o fato de não existir diferença na forma de apresentação da performance no contexto das artes visuais, do teatro ou da dança, por sua característica de arte mestiça. E também o fato que, nas obras o foco está na preocupação com as relações humanas na arte, e onde as experiências individuais estão a serviço da construção de sentidos e significados coletivos. / A study of the presential performance in the visual arts field, from the analysis and interpretation of the practical and theoretical effects, of the inform and ephemeral aesthetic phenomenon producing sense and meaning to some works. It initiates with the presentation, developments and implications of the poetical actions Memória do Afeto (2000-2005) by Beth Moyses and Desenhando com Terços (2000-2003) by Marcia X, which act as triggers to the analyzed theories. Afterwards, it clarifies the body, gender, ritual and cross instrumental concepts, acting as supports to the manifestation of the inform and ephemeral. Subsequently it states that the inform is a key aesthetic phenomenon producing sense and meaning to the performances, due to its characteristic of breaking the limits of arts, form, categories and convention. It defines the inform from the ideas of form and transgression and states that the selected poetic actions are distinguished as language of difference. Finally, it also substantiate the ephemeral as aesthetic phenomenon essential to produce sense and meaning to the works, due to its time characteristics and its plastic possibilities. It identifies time as an aesthetic element as well as the performances' raw material. The theoretical and conceptual interlacement between art, religion and cultural historians, philosophers, anthropologists and sociologists, among others, are the bases to gauge the researched performances. The research intersects several interdisciplinary fields which will provide concepts to think the artistic practice according to the iconological, semiological and aesthetic approach. It counts with several sources with a wide interdisciplinary bibliography, news from newspapers, events, artists' records and interview. It ends highlighting as a meaningful finding the fact that there is no difference in the performance presentation in the visual arts, theatre or dancing context, due to its characteristic of cross art. It highlights also the fact that, in the works the focus is on the concerns with the human relations in art, and where the individual experiences are at service of building collective sense and meaning.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T18:47:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 felipejosedexavierpereira.pdf: 20718456 bytes, checksum: c0e3d555937cf2e4836c0f66246849f9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-01T20:15:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 felipejosedexavierpereira.pdf: 20718456 bytes, checksum: c0e3d555937cf2e4836c0f66246849f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-01T20:15:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 felipejosedexavierpereira.pdf: 20718456 bytes, checksum: c0e3d555937cf2e4836c0f66246849f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa pretende estudar a apropriação e o compartilhamento de sentido nas redes digitais sociais anônimas efêmeras. Tendo o imageboard 4chan como objeto, iremos nos aprofundar numa possível lógica de base que fundamente o fluxo e a produção de sentido nas redes por meio da diminuição do alcance das identidades persistentes e do controle de dados. O pragmaticismo de Peirce servirá de norte enquanto buscamos estabelecer os limites e alcances do 4chan por ele mesmo através da percepção e das regras do lúdico de Huizinga (1938) que antecedem a cultura, em relação ao usuário através das contextualizações de Castells (2003) e dos estudos de caso, e em relação ao princípio da alteridade como terceiro e outro elemento presente na comunicação mediada por computador nas redes anônimas e efêmeras. Concluiremos nossa proposta não só por meio dos estudos de caso mas também com a ajuda de autores especializados neste tipo de cultura e ambiente virtual, como Gabriela Coleman (2012) e Cole Stryker (2011), e de trabalhos de coleta de dados como de Bernstein et al. (2012) e David Auerbach (2012). Esperamos que no fim deste percurso tenhamos esclarecido um pouco deste processo lógico e influente mas ainda pouco estudado dos ambientes digitais anônimos e efêmeros. / This research aims to study the apropriation and share of senses in ephemeral anonymous digital social networks . Having the imageboard 4chan as the object , we will delve into a possible base logic that justifies the flow and production of meaning on networks by decreasing the extent of persistent identities and control data. The Peirce's pragmaticism serve as a north as we seek to establish the limits and scope of 4chan by himself through the perception of playfulness and ludic rules of Huizinga (1938) prior to culture, in relation to the user through the contextualization of Castells (2003) and real case studies, and finally to the principle of otherness as present in the third and another element in computer-mediated communication in anonymous and ephemeral networks. We will complete our proposal not only by means of case studies but also with the help of expert authors in this kind of virtual environment and culture like Gabriela Coleman (2012) and Cole Stryker (2011) , also with studies of data collection as Bernstein et al. (2012) and David Auerbach (2012). Hopefully at the end of this journey we will have clarified some of this logical process and influential yet little-studied of anonymous and ephemeral digital environments .

M.Tech. (Fine Art) / The development of contemporary artistic practice, often termed ‘new media’ art, has bought about new challenges in the re-interpretation of conservational data for the curatorial re-presentation of such artworks. These challenges are intensified in artworks of a non-traditional, transient, intangible and / or ephemeral nature. As such, new media works embrace dynamism and fluidity as part of their intangibility and ephemerality. The conservation of such works now requires consideration of the various elements that make up the work, particularly those where the medium predicates meaning. In this study I investigate the institutions and systems which intervene in this conservation of intangible and ephemeral art for future re-presentation and exhibition. I argue that, by compiling notational data (as a work’s ‘score’) of culturally significant ephemeral and intangible artworks the curator is required to refer to the gathered notational data as a reliable guideline for the re-presentation of a work’s ‘true nature’. This raises questions about which parts of an artwork form its true nature and which components are considered variable allowing them to be altered, replaced or migrated. Any re-presentation of the work is therefore dependent on a thorough investigation of the artwork’s essential elements in terms of the artist’s intent, as well as an in-depth contemplation of external / environmental influences. The dynamic (and thus true) nature of specific ephemeral and intangible art objects in the work of Olafur Eliasson, James Webb as well as my own upon, re-presentation, is the focus of this research study.

Many rural communities in arid areas of the world make extensive use of perennial water supplies retained within the sediment of a river channel. This naturally filtered water provides for their basic subsistence. A general term applied to the abstraction of water from river sediment is sand-abstraction. Ephemeral and seasonal rivers primarily drain the dryland regions of the world. These arid regions are typically subject to extensive environmental degradation with a consequent high degree of surface erosion. As a result, many of the rivers have become sand rivers, filled with copious amounts of sediment. Most arid areas are subject to occasional rainstorms and flash floods that immediately drain to waterways and saturate the sediment within the river channel. In larger rivers a perennial supply of water is maintained within the sediment. Despite a perceived potential for this water resource there has been little development of any small-scale technology that is suitable for use at a basic rural level. A research and study programme was instigated to assess fully, the potential of such a resource. Field research was undertaken to characterise typical sand rivers and to assess the water storage and water loss and retention factors within river sediment. A check list for identifying possible sand-abstraction sites was devised. In the process of this study the advantages of storing water in sand was fully appreciated and attention given to the development of initially less suitable sites in serious water deficit areas. Systems for efficient abstraction of water were reviewed and designs formulated for the fabrication of equipment to mechanically draw water from river sediment. A series of well-screens, well-points, infiltration galleries and caissons have been designed and initial tests have been conducted under field conditions. Simple technology handpumps that it was considered could be operated, maintained and repaired by rural communities using locally available materials have been developed in conjunction with the abstraction equipment. In consultation with rural people an analysis was made of the technical and sociological requirements that are considered essential for the sustainability of technology suitable for use by disadvantaged rural communities. Both practical and literature research has indicated the latent possibility of this technology. Interaction has been maintained with four communities throughout the research and development period and contributions and indications received are that there is a need to develop such a water source with an upgraded technology. The conclusion from the work undertaken is that development of the technology is worthwhile and that greater efforts should be made to promote it at a small-scale, rural level. In addition the potential to provide clean water in arid regions from such a lowtechnology application should be drawn to the attention of professional water engineers.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The thesis addresses sustainability of groundwater utilization in arid and semiarid regions of Namibia. Recharge in this hydrogeological setting occurs as discrete events to aquifers that are bounded in extent. Case studies involving fractured hardrock and alluvial aquifers with aquifer-ephemeral river interaction were considered. The nature of recharge to arid region bounded aquifers was explored. In arid region aquifers, roundwater storage is depleted during extended dry periods due to pumping and natural discharge. Steady state conditions are rarely achieved. With lowering of the water table, evapotranspiration is reduced thus decreasing aquifer discharge. However, depletion of ephemeral river flow is the primary source of water to boreholes. Physical constraints such as river bed and aquifer hydraulic properties set a limit to the degree of natural replenishment possible during flow events. An approach to assessing sustainable yield of a fractured rock aquifer associated with ephemeral river flow is discussed using a case study from rural semi-arid Namibia. Limited data required the simulation results to be verified against geological and hydrogeological constraints. The aquifer’s gain in storage is estimated through numerical simulation. It provides a basis for groundwater scheme management that rely on limited data in semi-arid conditions in sub-Saharan Africa. Aspects related to ephemeral river flow and groundwater recharge to strip alluvial aquifers was addressed in the second case study. The processes controlling infiltration, significance of surface water and groundwater losses, and possible artificial recharge options were investigated through numerical simulation. It was concluded that recharge processes in arid alluvial aquifers differ significantly from those in humid systems. Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources require artificial augmentation of aquifer recharge due to constrains in natural infiltration rates. The study provides a reference for sustainable management of alluvial aquifer systems in similar regions. It is seen from the study that high rates of groundwater exploitation deplete surface water resources needed downstream while failure to capture surface flow during flood events cause loss of potential recharge. It is concluded that as water demand in Namibia increases, basin wide combined surface water and groundwater resource evaluation and management have become a necessity.

Variations in drainage density have been observed in a range of environments as the perennial stream network expands into headwater reaches. This network expansion and contraction results in large changes in drainage density and as such, has implications for the connectivity of the catchment and the associated flux of water, sediments and solutes. One environment where these changes have been observed is peatlands. The accurate characterisation of catchment connectivity in peatlands is desirable for a number of reasons, not least to understand the controls on carbon flux. In addition, the accurate characterisation of these systems will help us to predict the impacts of a changing climate. It is hitherto been difficult to quantify changes in connectivity due to the logistical difficulties of monitoring this phenomenon. The use of Electrical Resistance (ER) technology has shown potential to detect the presence and absence of water. This method is built on here and a range of sensors are developed to monitor connectivity at high temporal and spatial resolutions, specifically flow in ephemeral portions of the channel network, pipeflow and overland flow. The study takes places in the Upper North Grain research catchment, a small peatland headwater catchment in the south Pennines, UK. The data collected on ephemeral streamflows highlight the importance of water table as a control on changes in network extent in the study catchment, as the presence or absence of flow at each site is strongly controlled by local water table. This allows the minimum and maximum drainage density within the catchment to be determined, as well how frequently these states occur. Pipe stormflow generation appears to be strongly linked to the production of saturation excess overland flow. The pipe network is very sensitive to small inputs of rainfall. In contrast, pipe baseflows seem to be controlled by water table level as pipes are fed by seepage from the peat mass. Pipe behaviour could not be related to any of the morphological characteristics presented here and is though to be dependent on the subsurface morphology of the pipe network. Overland flow production was monitored at a gully head and gully side location. At the gully head the incidence of overland flow increased with distance from the gully edge due to higher local water tables encouraging the production of saturation excess overland flow. At the gully side, extreme water table drawdown has caused the peat to become hydrophobic and the incidence of overland flow is high here, due to infiltration excess. This signifies a major advancement in our knowledge of runoff pathways in peatlands as the importance of infiltration excess overland flow has not been acknowledged until now. In general, ephemeral streamflows occur before the production of either overland flow or pipeflow as incident rainfall causes saturation of the gully floors. The temporal pattern of overland flow and pipeflow is similar, although pipeflow continues after overland flow ceases and is thought to be fed by shallow subsurface flow on the recession limb. Both overland flow and pipeflow precede discharge at the catchment outlet by several minutes. The interaction of these processes is examined under both ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ antecedent conditions. The data collected here provide an accurate characterisation of the dynamics of, and controls on, peatland connectivity under current climatic conditions, providing a reference point to which future observations can be compared.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The study addressed the groundwater assessment and sustainable management of the coastal alluvial aquifers in Namib Desert, the Omaruru River Delta Aquifer (Omdel Aquifer) was used as a case study. Sustainable utilization of groundwater in parts of hyper-arid Sub-Saharan Africa, like the Namib Desert, is always a challenge due to lack of resources and data. Understanding of hydrogeological characteristics of the Omaruru Delta Aquifer System is a pre-requisite for the management of groundwater supply in the Central Namib area (Namib Desert). For the Omdel Aquifer in the Omaruru catchment, Namibia, issues to investigate include the lack of information on the geology and hydrogeological setting, the hydraulic properties and geometry of the aquifer at the inflow and outflow sections, groundwater recharge conditions upstream of the aquifer, and the impact of artificial recharge.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The study addressed the groundwater assessment and sustainable management of the coastal alluvial aquifers in Namib Desert, the Omaruru River Delta Aquifer (Omdel Aquifer) was used as a case study. Sustainable utilization of groundwater in parts of hyper-arid Sub-Saharan Africa, like the Namib Desert, is always a challenge due to lack of resources and data. Understanding of hydrogeological characteristics of the Omaruru Delta Aquifer System is a pre-requisite for the management of groundwater supply in the Central Namib area (Namib Desert). For the Omdel Aquifer in the Omaruru catchment, Namibia, issues to investigate include the lack of information on the geology and hydrogeological setting, the hydraulic properties and geometry of the aquifer at the inflow and outflow sections, groundwater recharge conditions upstream of the aquifer, and the impact of artificial recharge. Omdel Aquifer occurs in a desert environment with less than 20 mm of rainfall per annum, it’s regarded to receive no direct groundwater recharge from rainfall, only from occasional (inconsistent) flooding of the Omaruru River, due to periodic thunderstorms in the upstream catchment. Since the Omdel Aquifer does not receive direct recharge from rainfall, an artificial recharge scheme was implemented to augment the water supply. One of the objectives of the study is to integrate artificial recharge with hydrogeological understanding of the Omdel Aquifer to establish a conceptual framework for assessment of groundwater recharge and discharge, water chemistry and balanced water supply.

The thesis deals with analysis of factors contributing to the development of ephemeral gully erosion on area of the Czech Republic. Method used to direct measurements of ephemeral gully erosion was developed. The statistical sample of gullies was measured to describe the characteristics of ephemeral gullies. Statistical methods were used to compute simple and multiple linear regression models. The models describe relationships between ephemeral gully parameters or factors contributing to development of ephemeral gully. The thesis is concentrated with the development of methodology for prediction the occurrence and prediction of parameters of ephemeral gullies. The methodology can be used to design the optimal erosion control measures in the conditions of the Czech Republic.